• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2002

A helper T(Th)1-mediated response is known to enhance cell -mediated immunity, while a Th2-mediated response is associated with the humoral immunity that if elevated IgE levels and eosinophilia. Prostaglandin (PG)E$_2$results in the decreased capability of Iymphocytes to produce Thl cytokines, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been reported to impair the blastogenesis and response of T Iymphocytes. CPF also induces delayed febrile effects, which results from the activation of COX -PGE$_2$pathway. The purpose of this study is to determine the effort of CPF on the in vitro production of Th cytokines and the role of PGE$_2$on the CPF-induced production of Th cytokines. Splenocytes obtained from male BALB/c mice were pretreated with CPF(0.1, 1, 10 and 100$\mu$M) in the presence of absence of indomethacin or PGE$_2$for 12 h and then were incubated with concanavalin (Con) A for 48 h. These results showed that CPF remarkedly reduced the production of splenic interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ in a dose-dependent manner. CPF significantly increased the splenic IL-4 production at low doses (0.1 and 1$\mu$M) but did not affect at high doses (10 and 100 $\mu$M). Indomethacin reduced the CPF-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose -dependent manner and significantly attenuated the production of IL-4 increased by CPF 0.1 $\mu$M. High dose of CPF significantly reduced the PGE$_2$-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while the PGE$_2$- induced production of IL-4 was significantly enhanced by CPF 1 $\mu$M. These findings suggest that CPF nay down-regulate the immune response of Th 1 type by the suppressed production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. The CPF-decreased production of Thl cytokines may not be mediated by endogenous PGE$_2$. Also, CPF may attenuate the exogenous PGE$_2$-decreased Th 1 immune response in a dose--dependent manner but may affect dose-independently the PGE$_2$-induced Th2 immune response.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2008

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide. Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes was selected to investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos on survival rate, hatching rate, reproductivity and histopathological changes. Adult fish were exposed to CPF at concentrations of 20, 40, 80 and $160{\mu}g/L$, and the test duration was 4 weeks. An experiment with eggs was also performed under CPF exposure continued for 7 days covering from the fecundation to end-hatching stages. Survival rate of the adult medaka decreased in CPF $80{\mu}g/L$ and $160{\mu}g/L$ treatment groups compared with control, solvent control, $20{\mu}g/L$ or $40{\mu}g/L$L treatment group. Spontaneous start of feeding significantly decreased compared with the control (p < 0.01) when exposed to CPF at above 40 $\mu g/L$. Total spawning decreased by the 20 or $40{\mu}g/L$ CPF treatment compared with the control or solvent control in the test with eggs obtained from untreated adult medaka, and abnormal eggs increased in those CPF-treated groups. There were certain adverse effects at above $40{\mu}g/L$ determined from liver and gonad histological examinations. The results indicate that CPF has insignificant toxic effects in Japanese medaka at less than $20{\mu}g/L$ in long term exposure.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2021

The research aims to suggest descriptive elements for developing archival authority records in university archives through converging archival information descriptive rules with EAC-CFP, data structure standards. To achieve the purpose, the research conducted the following research phases: first, to analyze the main characteristics of record producers according to the features of both functions and organizations of the university. Second, to analyze the descriptive elements by comparing the rules between ISAAR(CPF) and the guidelines of the authority records of NAK and suggest descriptive elements to build archival authority records. Finally, to suggest the finally deducted descriptive elements by matching up with those of EAC-CPF. The significance of the result is to provide both standardized access points to retrieve university records and to search the contextual information of record production in the online environments by converging the data standard structure, EAC-CPF.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.509-519
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• 2015

Mooring stability of floating dock for construction of Ichthys CPF (central processing facilities), an ultra large offshore structure, was studied. Normal and typhoon conditions were considered for mooring analysis. There have been changes in construction stages of the CPF as project progresses. These changes were reflected on the mooring stability analysis for both conditions. In order to secure the mooring stability of the floating dock for Ichthys CPF under typhoon, maximum loads of mooring chains and maximum offset of the floating dock with Ichthys CPF were examined. Also the shapes of the catenary mooring were investigated to check interferences among mooring chains. As it was confirmed that the mooring loads were within SWL (safe working load) of mooring chains and underwater sinkers, the mooring stability of the floating dock for construction of Ichthys CPF was secured. By achieving security of mooring stability of the floating dock, it is assured that Ichthys project is on its way to success.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2020

CRISPR/Cpf1 has emerged as a new CRISPR-based genome editing tool because, in comparison with CRIPSR/Cas9, it has a different T-rich PAM sequence to expand the target DNA sequence. Single-base editing in the microbial genome can be facilitated by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM) followed by negative selection with the CRISPR/Cpf1 system. However, single point mutations aided by Cpf1 negative selection have been rarely reported in Corynebacterium glutamicum. This study aimed to introduce an amber stop codon in crtEb encoding lycopene hydratase, through ODM and Cpf1-mediated negative selection; deficiency of this enzyme causes pink coloration due to lycopene accumulation in C. glutamicum. Consequently, on using double-, triple-, and quadruple-base-mutagenic oligonucleotides, 91.5-95.3% pink cells were obtained among the total live C. glutamicum cells. However, among the negatively selected live cells, 0.6% pink cells were obtained using single-base-mutagenic oligonucleotides, indicating that very few single-base mutations were introduced, possibly owing to mismatch tolerance. This led to the consideration of various target-mismatched crRNAs to prevent the death of single-base-edited cells. Consequently, we obtained 99.7% pink colonies after CRISPR/Cpf1-mediated negative selection using an appropriate single-mismatched crRNA. Furthermore, Sanger sequencing revealed that single-base mutations were successfully edited in the 99.7% of pink cells, while only two of nine among 0.6% of pink cells were correctly edited. The results indicate that the target-mismatched Cpf1 negative selection can assist in efficient and accurate single-base genome editing methods in C. glutamicum.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

We measured emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine equipped with a commercial CPF. Experimental parameters adopted a neat diesel fuel, a blend of diesel fuel with 20% biodiesel, a blend of diesel fuel with 15% biodiesel and 5% ethanol. The experiments were carried out to measure the emission and engine performance according to ESC 13-mode cycles. The maximum torque with biodiesel blend fuel is slightly lower than that of neat diesel fuel in the entire the 13-mode cycles, and 5% ethanol and 15% biodiesel blend fuel is slightly higher than that of neat diesel fuel. THC and CO emissions of the biofuel blended diesel fuel were slightly increased and decreased, and mean conversion efficiencies of THC and CO on the commercial CPF were achieved about 70$\sim$87% in the ESC 13-mode. From the measurement by the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer(SMPS), the total number and mass of nano-sized particles by a commercial CPF were decreased about 97.8% and 96.8 % in the range of the nano-size from 10.6 to 385nm, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.227-246
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• 2013

This study suggested the interoperability of authority scheme between archives and libraries having an international authority schemes. First, this study examined the standard of archival authority ISAAR (CPF) and EAC-CPF and the library authority model FRAD, analyzed the similarities and differences between them. Finally, this study ascertained the interoperability between authority control schemes. In each area, Archives and libraries have announced the proposal to develop authority control, but the directions of two institutes was identical by and large. The direction of development of authority scheme included extending the relationship between entities, sharing the records at the international level, and actively conducting the exchange of information within other organizations.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.36
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

A circular pin fin (CPF) and a half circular pin fin (HCPF) are by using the one-dimensional analytic method. For these two fins, 90% of the maximum heat loss, Corresponding fin length for 90% of the maximum heat loss, fin effectiveness and fin efficiency are compared as functions of convection characteristic number and fin radius. Also, the ratio of heat loss from the HCPF to that from CPF listed with variation of fin length when the fin volumes are the same. One of the results shows that the efficiency of a CPF is larger than that of a HCPF while the effectiveness of a CPF is smaller than that of a HCPF when convection characteristic number, fin length and fin radius are the same.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2000

The contact stress characteristics of the domestic CPF pin when inserted into the rigid PTH was analyzed using the finite element method. The model geometry was based on the shape of the existing pin and the two different PTH diameters were used in the analysis. The stress distributions with respect to the friction coefficients were compared and the stress variations of the compliant part of the pin, which have an influence on the performance, were displayed with the time and the arc length on complete connection.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.943-947
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• 2002

The two reactions between iron ion (Fe3+ ) and o-chlorophenylfluorone (o-CPF) and copper ion (Cu2+ ) and o-CPF are sensitive at pH 6 in the presence of Triton X-100. We have determined the formation constants of the complexes by the spectral correction technique. Because of the poor selectivity of o-CPF to metals, the competition coordination of only the iron ion from the Cu-o-CPF complex was found and applied to the selective detection of iron traces by the Selective Competition Coordination Determination (SCCD) approach.The analysis of several samples shows that the relative standard deviations are less than 5.0% and the recovery of iron ions between 94.5% and 106%.