• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1023-1030
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• 2003

When X and Y have independent normal distributions, we develop a Bayesian testing procedure for the equality of two coefficients of variation. Under the reference prior of the coefficient of variation, we propose a Bayesian test procedure for the equality of two coefficients of variation using fractional Bayes factor. A real data example is provided.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1927-1943
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• 2016

Jitterbug is a passive network covert timing channel supplying reliable stealthy transmission. It is also the basic manner of some improved covert timing channels designed for higher undetectability. The existing entropy-based detection scheme based on training sample binning may suffer from model mismatching, which results in detection performance deterioration. In this paper, a new detection method based on the feature of Jitterbug covert channel traffic is proposed. A fixed binning strategy without training samples is used to obtain bins distribution feature. Coefficient of variation (CV) is calculated for several sets of selected bins and the weighted mean is used to calculate the final CV value to distinguish Jitterbug from normal traffic. Furthermore, the timing window parameter of Jitterbug is estimated based on the detected traffic. Experimental results show that the proposed detection method can achieve high detection performance even with interference of network jitter, and the parameter estimation method can provide accurate values after accumulating plenty of detected samples.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

When X and Y have independent normal distributions, we develop a Bayesian testing procedure for the equality of two coefficients of variation. Under the reference prior of the coefficient of variation, we propose a Bayesian test procedure for the equality of two coefficients of variation using fractional Bayes factor. A real data example is provided.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2016

절화용으로 재배중인 주요 스프레이 국화 10품종의 형태적 특성과 관련된 요인을 조사하였으며 이들 평균치를 이용하여 변이계수, 유전율 및 유전자 전이율 등의 통계학적 분석을 통하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 형태적 특성을 보면 줄기의 길이 46.4-54,9cm, 줄기의 최대 직경 5.6-8.5mm, 줄기의 경도 $0.17-0.70kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 줄기의 생체중 7.5-17.5g, 줄기의 건물중 1.6-3.3g, 줄기의 생체중:건물중의 비율 15.9-23.1%, 줄기 내 엽수 8.4-12.2매, 줄기 내 엽면적 $17.8-37.8m^2$, 줄기 내 잎의 생체중 5.3-18.6g, 줄기 내 잎의 건물중 0.5-1.4g 줄기 내 잎의 생체중:건물중의 비율 7.6-11.5%, 화서의 길이 10.1-18.6cm, 화서의 생체중 7.3-26.7g, 화서의 건물중 1.2-2.8g, 화서의 생체중:건물중의 비율 10.4-17.1%, 화심 직경 8.2-13.3mm, 꽃잎 폭 5.7-14.0mm, 꽃잎 길이 12.9-33.1mm, 꽃잎 두께 $157.8-354.4{\mu}m$였으며 각 특성별 품종 간 DMRT와 LSD를 검정한 결과 고도의 유의차가 인정되었다. 변이계수, 표현 변이계수, 유전 변이계수는 줄기의 길이 4.79-5.15%로서 가장 낮았으며 엽면적 62.97-65.21%로 가장 높았으나 환경 또는 오차 변이계수는 엽면적 1.71%로 가장 낮았고 잎의 건물중 19.30%로 가장 높았다. 유전율은 줄기의 생체중:건물중의 비율 68.69%로 가장 낮았고 줄기 내 엽면적 99.67%로 가장 높았다. 유전자 전이는 줄기의 경도 0.30으로 가장 낮았고 화서 내 잎의 두께 156.65로 가장 높았으며 유전자 전이율은 줄기의 길이 9.17%로 가장 낮았으며 엽면적 134.27%로 가장 높았다. 이와 같이 위에서 언급한 높은 값을 나타내는 형질들은 부가적으로 유전자 작용에 영향을 미치게 되며 경종의 개량을 위해 만족할만한 선발 계획을 수립할 수 있을 것이다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

Objectives Facial features can be utilized as an indicator of Korean medical diagnosis. They are often measured by using the diagnostic device for an objective diagnosis. Accordingly, it is necessary to verify the reliability of the features which are obtained from the device for the accurate diagnosis. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the repeatability of facial feature variables using the Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool(SCAT) for the Sasang Constitutional face diagnosis. Methods Facial pictures of two subjects were taken 24 times respectively for two days according to a standard guideline. In order to evaluate the repeatability, the coefficient of variation was calculated for the facial features extracted from frontal and profile images. Results The coefficient of variation was less than 10% in most of the facial features except the upper lip, trichion, and chins related features. Conclusions It was confirmed that the coefficient of variation was small in most of the features which enables the objective and reliable analysis of face. However, some features showed the low reliability because the location of facial landmarks related to them is ambiguous. In order to solve the problem, a clear basis for the location discussion is required.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of increasing running speed on human stability by comparing the Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) methods, with the goal of identifying key variables and uncovering new insights. Method: Fourteen adult males (age: 24.7 ± 6.4 yrs, height: 176.9 ± 4.6 cm, weight: 74.7 ± 10.9 kg) participated in this study. Results: In the CV method, significant differences were observed in ankle (flexion-inversion/eversion; p < .05) and hip joint (internal-external rotation; p < .05) movements, while the center of mass (COM) variable in the coronal axis movements showed a significant difference at the p < .001 level. In the LyE method, statistical differences were observed at the p < .05 level in knee (flexion-extension), hip joint (internal-external rotation) movements, and COM across all three directions (sagittal, coronal, and transverse axis). Conclusion: Our results revealed that the stability of the human body is affected at faster running speeds. The movement of the COM and ankle joint were identified as the most critical factors influencing stability. This suggests that LyE, a nonlinear time series analysis, should be actively introduced to better understand human stabilization strategies.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2022

This paper analyzed the price stabilization before and after the fisheries outlook project for seaweed, flatfish, and abalone. First, the stabilization effect was analyzed through the price variation coefficient before and after the observation project. In terms of the variation coefficient, there was no effect that the price was stabilized through the seaweed outlook project. However, it can be seen that flatfish and abalone have a price-stabilizing effect. Second, as a result of analyzing the price stabilization effect through the improved ARMA-T-GARCH model, it was confirmed that seaweed was not statistically significant while flatfish and abalone had a price stabilization effect by statistically significantly reducing volatility of real prices after the introduction of the fisheries outlook project. Third, as a result of analyzing the factors affecting price stability, it was found that the price of seaweed was stabilized after the WTO, but the Japanese earthquake expanded the price volatility. In the case of flatfish, it was analyzed that the price stabilized after the WTO and the Great Japanese Earthquake. Finally, the price of abalone has stabilized since the WTO and the Great Japanese Earthquake.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2003

넛치 안테나는 진행파형 안테나로서 공진형 안테나에 비해 광대역 특성과 넓은 빔 폭을 가지므로 광대역 위상 배열 안테나의 복사 소자로 사용되어진다. 본 논문에서는 단일 복사 소자의 해석으로 무한 배열 안테나를 모의할 수 있는 도파관 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 3 : 1 이상의 주파수 대역과 $\pm$45$^{\circ}$의 빔 조향 범위를 만족하는 광대역 E-평면 넛치 위상 배열 안테나를 설계하였다. 설계된 단일 소자의 등가회로 모델링을 통해 단일 소자와 무한 배열소자에서의 임피던스 특성을 비교하였으며, 설계된 결과를 이용하여 1$\times$9배열 E-평면 넛치 위상 배열 안테나 전체를 해석하였다. 이때 구해진 안테나간 상호 결합 계수를 이용하여 각 소자의 빔 조향 각도에 따른 능동 반사 계수를 구하였으며, 능동 소자 패턴을 통해 빔 조향에 따른 이득의 변화를 살펴보았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 1996

This study was performed to calculate the degration rate coefficient, operating parameters to meet the effluent standards, and the temperature adjustment coefficients to each parameter of pollution by seasonal variation of concentration and temperature of influent in livestock wastewater treatment by sequencing batch reactor process in field scale. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. In the field, temperature of livestock wastewater in reactor was 20.3$\circ$C in summer and 6.0$\circ$C in winter. The ratio of BOD:TKN: T-P in influent was 100:80:7. BOD loadings in winter and spring were 0.26 and 0.43 kg $BOD/m^3$ day, respectively. Those in summer and fall were 0.25 and 0.13 kg $BOD/m^3$ day, respectively. 2. The degradation rate coefficient for TKN was larger in summer and fall in which temperature was high than that in which temperature was high than that in winter and spring in which concentration was high. On the contrary, the phosphorus uptake rate was larger in winter and spring than that in summer and fall. 3. The hydraulic retention time in winter and spring was longer than that in summer and fall. Especially, in order to meet the standard for TKN of 120 mg/l in winter in which temperature of wastewater was 6.0$\circ$C, as the MLSS concentration was increased from 4, 000 to 7, 000 mg/l, the hydraulic retention time was increased from 212 to 121 hours. But, in order to shorten that less than 121 hours for the economical wastewater treatment, countermeasure to increase temperature of wastewater in the reactor should be considered. 4. the temperature adjustment coefficients for BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, TKN and T-P were 1.0241, 1.0225, 1.0541 and 1.0495, respectively. Namely, the treatment of TKN was most sensitively affected by temperature. For the purpose of the effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus which are sensitive to temperature, it is necessary to keep the temperature of livestock wastewater more than 20$\circ$C which is the temperature of it in summer.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

In this study, the effect of design factors in a pump station on the pressure variations which are the main cause of water hammering has been investigated by numerical simulations. As design factors, the flow rate, Young's modulus, diameter, thickness, roughness coefficient of pipeline are considered. The relationships between the pressure variations and the design factors are analyzed. The results show that the pressure variation increases sensitively with the flow rate and Young's modulus, and increases gradually with the thickness and roughness coefficient of pipe, whereas it decreases with the pipe diameter. The wavelength of the pressure wave becomes longer for a smaller Young's modulus, a smaller pipe thickness and a bigger pipe diameter. These relationships are nondimensionalized, and logarithmic curve-fitted functions are proposed by regression analysis. Most effective factors on the nondimensional pressure variation is Young's modulus. Flow rate, roughness coefficient, relative thickness and pipe diameters are the next impact factors.