• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2022

Purpose - We investigate how firms transfer financial risks to employees in a form of flexible employment contracts and layoffs. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the literature on the prevalence of shareholder value ideology and the associated 'risk shift', we examined how stock price volatility is associated with a firm's use and hiring of nonstandard employees, and the number of employees lay-offed. We test our hypotheses using a longitudinal, multi-source, dataset of Korean firms from 2003 to 2011. Findings - We found support for the relationship between stock price volatility and flexible employment contracts and layoffs after controlling for actual risks such as increased debt or decreased sales. However, we found that the relationship is moderated by the power of professional CEOs relative to that of shareholders, in that powerful CEOs are more likely to transfer the external risks, i.e. stock price volatility, to employees. Research implications or Originality - This study contributes the emerging stream of literature that explore the effect of stock market pressures and governance structures on human resource management.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.168-174
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurship and to find out the impact of CEOs in the restaurant industry on corporate performance when they have entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs need entrepreneurship to take risks and jump into the market to generate profits. Entrepreneurship is not limited to the abilities or resources held, but it is not limited to the ability or resources held, and entrepreneurship to act means the spirit to take uncertainty and preempt opportunities through innovative activities [1]. In this study, the CEO's entrepreneurship was set as an independent variable and corporate performance as a dependent variable. By applying and analyzing how the CEO's entrepreneurship affects corporate performance in the restaurant industry, the importance of entrepreneurship in the restaurant industry and the impact relationship on corporate performance are analyzed. To this end, 100 CEOs working in the restaurant industry will be surveyed using the Likert 5-point scale[2]. And an empirical analysis will be conducted through the SPSS program[3]. Entrepreneurship is a spirit that can take risks and seize opportunities through bold challenges to generate profits. Therefore, it has been confirmed that it affects corporate performance as a key factor for improving corporate performance, and from related studies, the entrepreneurship of the CEO of the restaurant industry is expected to have a positive (+) effect on corporate performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.63-73
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• 2022

In today's financial economics literature, the impact of innovative family ownership and management on firm performance is a prominent concern. In this study, the existence of family firms in the listed sector of Pakistan's economy is investigated. The objective of this study is to examine the performance-oriented relationship of family ownership and active involvement of family member at the CEO position. The theoretical perspectives that underpin this research are agency and stewardship. This analysis used a sample of 315 publicly traded companies from 2009 to 2019. The study's primary independent variables include family influence on ownership and family CEO. Financial performance is the dependent variable that is divided into accounting and market measures. The proxy for accounting measure is return on asset and proxy for market measure is Tobin's Q. This study employs univariate and balanced panel data analysis. For robustness of the analysis random-effects GLS regression is carried out. The empirical results show that that Family Firms outperform Non-Family Firms both in terms of accounting and market measures. In the later part family CEOs firms outperform the firms that have either insider or outsider non-family CEOs. This superior performance is subjected to the positive and statistically significant association between family ownership, management, and financial performance.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 2013

Considering the relationship between state-owned enterprise (SOE) CEOs and political circles, this study examines the performance impacts of CEO's succession type, board chair separation, and industry expertise and finance expertise of CEOs and outside directors. I propose the definition of political independence in SOE CEOs based on the independence in appearance that might affect general people's perception. It means that there are no relationships or circumstances that might affect SOE CEO's judgment, activity, and report. The definition is able to overcome the limitations of the prior research that could not discover the CEOs who were affiliated to political circles because the research just distinguished the CEOs following their pre-jobs. This study focused on the performance impacts of political independence impaired CEO as well as the CEO's impacts on the relationship between the performance and other corporate governance variables. I selected as dependent variables the average return on asset as operating income divided by total assets and the average customer satisfaction rate evaluated by Korean government during the first three years following the year of the events of explanatory variables. My theory and evidence from the various CEO's personal background and financial information from SOEs in Lee Myung-bak Administration and Rho Moo-hyun Administration suggest the following important things. First, the analysis based on whether or not a SOE CEO keeps political independence shows that a political independence impaired CEO made a significantly negative impact on customer satisfaction rate. Second, the separation between a board chair and a CEO in SOEs introduced by Korean Act on Management of Public Institutions made a significantly positive impact on customer satisfaction rate. However, the positive impact of the board chair separation was removed in a political independence impaired CEO's SOE. Third, outside director's industry expertise made a significantly positive impact on return on asset. However, the positive impact of the outside director's industry expertise was removed in a political independence impaired CEO's SOE. Fourth, the comparison between Lee Myung-bak Administration and Roh Moo-hyun Administration on the corporate governance and performance of SOEs shows that the ratio of political independence impaired CEO was significantly higher in Lee Administration and the ratio of outside director's industry expertise and finance expertise were respectively significantly higher in Roh Administration. Based on these results, I suggested a few policy alternatives for CEO's improved political independence and requirements for executive's expertise in SOEs.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1996

This objective of this experiment was to test the effect of EGF on GVBD and MII of nuclear maturation of pig immature oocytes in vitro. Experiment 1 examined to the effect of EGF on nuclear maturation of pig immature oocytes according to different maturational times. The percentage of GVBD of EGF 10mg/ml treated groups were significantly higher than untreated groups after 24hr (p < 0.001). Experiment 2 examined to the effect of duration of exposure of oocytes to EGF supplement in maturation medium. Nuclear maturation rates (M II) of EGF treated groups (during 0-24: 72.8% and 0-42hr: 84.8%) were significantly higher than 53.5 and 26.1% of EGF treated group (during 24-42hr) and untreated group (p < 0.001). Also, experiment 3 examined to the effect of EGF on nuclear maturation of CEOs or CFOs. Nuclear maturation rate (M II) 84.6% of EGF treated group of CEOs was significantly higher than 53.0, 27.6, and 44.2% of EGF treated group of CFOs and untreated groups of CEOs and CFOs (p < O.001). These results conclude that EGF alone can stimulate GVBD and M II of nuclear maturation in pig immature oocytes.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a major hormone of pineal gland in vertebrates, is known to be associated with regulation of the dynamic physiological functions in general and has some functions on reproduction in the ovarian follicles in particular. And its antioxidant properties as a scavenger are also reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the in vitro maturation of mouse germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes. Oocyte maturation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of melatonin receptor were analyzed in the cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) cultured with melatonin for 18 h. The CEOs were obtained from 3 wk-old ICR female mice cultured in media with 0, 0.1 nM, 10 nM, or 1,000 nM melatonin for 18 h. And then the extrusion of the first polar body was assessed to evaluate the maturation rate. The apoptosis and mRNA expression of melatonin receptor (Mtnr1-a and Mtnr1-b) in cumulus cells of each group were measured by TUNEL assay, ELISA, and real time RT-PCR after in vitro maturation(IVM). The addition of melatonin in the IVM medium significantly improved nuclear maturation of the mouse GV oocytes and the highest maturation rate were obtained from the group treated with 1,000 nM melatonin. Apoptosis was not detected in IVM oocytes, but detected in cumulus cells. And cumulus cells treated with 1,000 nM melatonin exhibited significantly lower apoptosis. In the group treated with 1,000 nM melatonin, the expression of melatonin receptor mRNA was decreased in CEOs. In conclusion, melatonin has a potentially important role for regulating oocyte maturation and reduces the apoptosis of cumulus cells in vitro.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-158
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• 2018

Considering that the subject of innovation of SMEs is the CEO, it is very important to study the innovation behavior of the CEO at the individual level. The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting innovation work behavior of SME CEOs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-compassion and self-transcendence on innovation work behavior, which are the emotional intelligence factors that show the psychological growth and potential of individual, and the career ambition and positive psychological capital did. In order to verify the research hypothesis, we analyzed 238 questionnaires collected from CEOs and executives of SMEs focused on auto parts and manufacturing. Factors affecting innovation behavior of SME CEO are summarized as follows. First, career ambition has a positive effect on positive psychological capital. Second, positive psychological capital has a positive effect on innovation work behavior. Third, self-compassion of CEO has positive influence on self - transcendence. Fourth, the self-transcendence of CEO has a positive effect on innovation work behavior. This study confirms the relationship between CEO career ambition, positive psychological capital, self-compassion, self-transcendence, and innovation work behavior of SME CEO and confirms the influence relationship between positive psychological capital and self-transcendence It is meaningful. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed based on the results of the study.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2018

In this study, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and a granule. For the evaluation of their negative effects on the ecosystem, acute toxicities against Cyprinus carpio was determined in a static condition. The formulations were made using CEOs extracted by 3 different methods (steam distillation (SD), solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)) and were tested to obtain $LC_{50}$ values. Among the ECs, EC including CEO extracted by SFE showed highest acute toxicity against C. carpio. Among the granules, a granule including CEO extracted by SD showed highest acute toxicity against C. carpio. Nevertheless, $LC_{50}$ of EC and a granule formulation with CEOs was higher than toxicity level III of pesticide standardized by Korea rural development administration. These results were similar to those using zebrafishes. Chronic toxicities were not found for 45 days in zebrafishes until $500{\mu}gL^{-1}$ level of EC formulation including CEO obtained by the SD. Based on these results, EC formulation of CEOs may be considered to be used as environmental-friendly natural insecticides in accordance with the standards.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.170-182
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the leadership style of a CEO of a public performing arts theater to the quality management and business performance, with a focus on the differences by the leadership styles. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with the CEO of 165 public performing arts theaters in country, from whom 98 valid replies were collected for analysis and further validation of hypothesis of this study. The validation revealed that, first, the task oriented and change oriented leadership provided positive influences to the quality management activities, while relations oriented leadership failed to do so. Secondly, the quality management activities by the CEOs of the public performing arts theaters had positive correlations with the financial performance and market performance, which are part of the business performance indices of a performance art center. Thirdly, while the task oriented and change oriented leadership styles did have influences over the business performance; it was revealed that the quality management activities wielded only indirect influence toward such elements. The relations oriented leadership style appeared to fail to influence with significance. Such results as above show that only the task oriented and change oriented leadership style of a CEO in a public performing arts theater had positive influences over the business performance, with an implication that the CEOs of such facilities shall keep this in mind and exercise such leadership styles. In addition, another implication of this study was that it is also important to give efforts to the quality management activities, which turned out to influence the business performance significantly. The implication of this study is that the study was conducted with direct participation by the CEOs themselves of public performing arts theaters in country and an examination was made to see the differences by leadership styles.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.229-241
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• 2016

This research has its purpose to seek, among the CEOs of social enterprises, the influence of job stress on business performance, social support inbetween them, and adjusting role of government-supported policies. CEO of social enterprise, which is established to realize its social purposes, receives the job stress due to business ethics, profitability, identity crisis, management challenges and etc. We would like to set the foundation for the enterprises to constantly conduct social purposes within the local society by raising the business performances of social enterprises through seeking the measures to resolve such job stresses of the CEOs by expressing them. This research applied the ISR Job Stress Model theroy as its main ground of theoretical background. We would like to analyze the inter-significance by setting the job stress causes and job stress influences as independent variables, business achievements as a dependent variable, and social support, government-supported policies as moderating variables. For the methods of the research, we collected, using structuralized questionnaire, from 223 social enterprise CEOs located within Korea. Data analysis used IBM SPSS Statristics 20.0 programme, and through general characteristic of sample, confidence testing, factorial analysis, correlation analysis and research hypothesis testing, drew the following results. First, job stress factor and influence were analyzed to have negative impacts on business performance. Second, social support was found to lower job stress factor and influence, and raise business performance. Third, government-supported policy was analyzed to lower job stress factor and influence, and raise business performance.