• 보존과학연구
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• 통권34호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2013

지류, 섬유, 목재와 같은 유기질 문화재는 주요 화학성분으로서 셀룰로오스로 구성되어 있다. 셀룰로오스는 글루코오스가 분자내 또는 분자간 수소결합으로 고분자 결정성 구조를 이루고 있다. 특히 셀룰로오스의 중합도는 종이나 섬유의 강도와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, 종이나 섬유에 있어서 열화의 진행정도나 보존성을 나타내는 지표로써 사용된다. 일반적으로 이러한 셀룰로오스의 분자량을 측정하는 방법으로 TAPPI 표준방법인 CED (cupriethylene diamine)용액을 이용한 점도측정법을 많이 사용하고 있다. 목재 섬유로 제조된 종이의 경우 TAPPI 표준 방법 T230법에 의거하여 셀룰로오스 점도를 측정한다. 그러나 우리나라 종이나 섬유의 주요 원료인 닥나무 인피섬유, 저마, 면 등은 목재 셀룰로오스 섬유에 비해 분자량이 크고 중합도가 높아 현재까지 주로 사용되던 T230법으로는 정확한 점도 측정이 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고점도 측정방법인 TAPPI 표준 방법 T254법에 의거하여 저농도 CED 용액으로 섬유 깊숙이 용액을 침투시켜 해리시킨 뒤 고농도의 CED 용액으로 완전히 용해시키는 방법을 이용하여 한지의 점도를 측정하였고, 열화시편에 적용하여 종이와 섬유의 열화에 의한 손상정도를 측정하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 로컬 스펙트럼 감지 성능에서 1차 사용자 신호의 영향을 분석하는 데 초점을 맞추었다. 감지시간의 표본에서 신호 도착의 확률은 감지 시간에 따라 일정하게 분산되어있다. PU 신호의 임의의 도착에 따라 기존의 에너지 감지(CED)의 검출 결과에 저하를 일으키는 주요 요인을 분석한다. 따라서, PU 신호의 도착을 검출을 추정하고 복합 에너지 검출과 협동하여 검출 성능을 향상시키기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 수학적 분석과 시뮬레이션은 CED와 비교하여 제안된 기법의 출력이 적합한지 확인한다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.305-317
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• 2020

The navigation message is composed of the information contained in the message and the structure for transmitting this information. In order to design a navigation message, considerations in terms of message content and message structure must be elicited. For designing a Korea Positioning System (KPS) navigation message, this paper explains performance indicators in terms of message structure and message content. Most of the performance analysis of GNSS navigation messages already in operation was performed only for Time-to-first-fix-Data (TTFFD). However, in the navigation message, the message content is composed of Clock-Ephemeris Data (CED) and additional information. So, this paper proposes a new performance indicator R_(Non-CED) that can be analyzed from the viewpoint of receiving additional information along with an explanation of TTFFD focusing on the CED reception time. This paper analyze the performance in terms of message structure using these two performance indicators. The message structures used for analysis are the packetized message protocol like GPS CNAV and the packetized and fixed pattern message protocol like GPS CNAV-2. From the results, it is possible to proffer how KPS navigation messages can have better performance than GPS navigation messages. And, these two performance indicators, TTFFD and R_Non-CED, can help to design the minimum TTFF required performance of KPS navigation messages.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2022

Internal dosimetry is a discipline which brings together a set of knowledge, tools and procedures for calculating the dose received after incorporation of radionuclides into the body. Several steps are necessary to calculate the committed effective dose (CED) for workers or members of the public. Each step uses the best available knowledge in the field of radionuclide biokinetics, energy deposition in organs and tissues, the efficiency of radiation to cause a stochastic effect, or in the contributions of individual organs and tissues to overall detriment from radiation. In all these fields, knowledge is abundant and supported by many works initiated several decades ago. That makes the CED a very robust quantity, representing exposure for reference persons in reference situation of exposure and to be used for optimization and assessment of compliance with dose limits. However, the CED suffers from certain limitations, accepted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for reasons of simplification. Some of its limitations deserve to be overcome and the ICRP is continuously working on this. Beyond the efforts to make the CED an even more reliable and precise tool, there is an increasing demand for personalized dosimetry, particularly in the medical field. To respond to this demand, currently available tools in dosimetry can be adjusted. However, this would require coupling these efforts with a better assessment of the individual risk, which would then have to consider the physiology of the persons concerned but also their lifestyle and medical history. Dosimetry and risk assessment are closely linked and can only be developed in parallel. This paper presents the state of the art of internal dosimetry knowledge and the limitations to be overcome both to make the CED more precise and to develop other dosimetric quantities, which would make it possible to better approximate the individual dose.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2004

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.13-16
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• 1995

The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of a first-generation cephalosporin derivative, Cefazedone (CZD; $PAZERON^R$ inj.) was determined by the two-fold serial agar dilution method. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of CZD against a wide variety of clinical isolates was compared with those of other first generation cephalosporins such as Methylol Cephalexin (CEX), Cefazolin (CEZ), Cefadroxil (CDX), Cephradine (CED), Ceftezol (CTZ) and one of second generation cephalsporin antibiotics, Cefotaxime (CTX). CZD had the most potent inhibitory effect against Gram-positive strains, when compared to the first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics tested in this study and CTX. The geometric MIC mean of CZD for Gram-positive strains was calculated as 0.386 kg/m{\ell}$, and those of CEX, CEZ, CDX, CTZ, CED, and CTX were 6.073, 0.894, 3.399, 0.748, 7.884 and 1.502 $kg/m{\ell}$, respectively. In addition, the geometric mean of CZD for staphylococclJs aureus strains was obtained as 0.340 $kg/m{\ell}$ and those of CEX, CEZ, CDX, CTZ, CED, and CTX 6.145, 0.534, 4.126, 0.442, 10.51, and 2.500 $kg/m{\ell}$, respectively. Against Gram-negative strains, CZD showed better antibacterial activity than CEZ, CDX, CTZ, and CED.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2012

An in-situ optical monitoring method for real-time process monitoring of electrochemical copper deposition (CED) is presented. Process variables to be controlled in achieving desired process results are numerous in the CED process, and the importance of the chemical bath conditions cannot be overemphasized for a successful process. Conventional monitoring of the chemical solution for CED relies on the pH value of the solution, electrical voltage level for the reduction of metal cations, and gravity measurement by immersing sensors into a plating bath. We propose a nonintrusive optical monitoring technique using three types of optical sensors such as chromatic sensors and UV/VIS spectroscopy sensors as potential candidates as a feasible optical monitoring method. By monitoring the color of the plating solution in the bath, we revealed that optically acquired information is strongly related to the thickness of the deposited copper on the wafers, and that the chromatic information is inversely proportional to the ratio of $Cu$ (111) and {$Cu$ (111)+$Cu$ (200)}, which can used to measure the quality of the chemical solution for electrochemical copper deposition in advanced interconnection technology.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2015

The effect of a 60 Hz time-varying electric field was studied using a facing-electrode device (FED) and a coplanar-electrode device (CED) for further investigation of the genotoxicity of 60 Hz time-varying magnetic field (MF) from preceding research. Neither a single 30-minute exposure to the CED or to the FED had any obvious biological effects such as DNA double strand break (DSB) and apoptosis in cancerous SCC25, and HeLa cells, normal primary fibroblast IMR90 cells, while exposures of 60 Hz time-varying MF led to DNA damage with induced electric fields much smaller than those used in this experiment. Nor did repetitive exposures of three days or a continuous exposure of up to 144 hours with the CED induce any DNA damage or apoptosis in either HeLa or IMR90 cells. These results imply that the solitary electric field produced by time-varying MF is not a major cause of DSBs or apoptosis in cancer or normal cells.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.596-599
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• 2009

A 24 year-old female presented for a $^{99m}Tc$-methylene diphosphonatae (MDP) whole body bone scan due to chronic pain in the bilateral lower extremities that has aggravated since 2002. She was diagnosed with Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) based on the clinical and radiological findings in 2002, and she re-visited our institute to evaluate disease status at this time. CED is a rare autosomal dominant type of bone dysplasia characterized by progressive cortical thickening of long bones, and narrowing of medullary cavity, and thus presents with typical clinical symptoms and signs such as chronic pain in the extremities, muscle weakness, and waddling gait. On the $^{99m}Tc$-MDP bone scan performed to evaluate disease status, intense increased uptake was seen in the skull, facial bones, bilateral scapulae, bilateral long bones, and bilateral pelvic bones, which clearly demonstrated the extent of CED involvement.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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• 제6회(2017년)
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• pp.677-687
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• 2017

Caffeine has a long history of human consumption but the consumption of caffeine due to caffeinated energy drinks(CEDs) is rapidly growing. Marketing targets of CED sales are children, adolescents and young adults, possibly caffeine-sensitive groups and its effect for them can be significantly different from healthy adults. Caffeine-related toxicities among these groups are growing in number and a number of countries are recognizing severity of caffeine toxicities. Previous research showed prediction of maximal plasma caffeine concentration profiles after the single CED ingestion and the primary aim of this study is to visually predict plasma caffeine concentration after the single and multiple ingestion of standard servings of CED. Based on the population pharmacokinetic model using Monte Carlo simulation, prediction of caffeine concentration leading to caffeine intoxication in the sensitive groups is quantitatively presented and visualized. This research also broadens the perspective by creating and utilizing diverse open science tools including R package, Edison Science App and Shiny apps.