• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the effect of BUM aqua-acupuncture in treating the RA, the immunosis to logical analysis of LPS induced arthritis in mice to study this. For 14th day after the injection of LPS & BUM injection, the distribution of fibroblast, collagen, CD54(ICAM-1), CD106(VCAM-1), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2 receptor, CDl lb(macrophage) were examined on synovial capsule of mice knee joint. For 14th day after the injection of LPS & BUM injection, the distribucion of CD4(TH cell), CD8(TC cell), CD40(B cell) were examined on common iliac lymph node in mice. Methods : The experimental model of arthritis was induced by injection of 300${\mu}g$/kg LPS in BALB/c mice weighing 30g. The 100${\mu}l$ BUM aqua-acupuncture which compounded calculus bovis, fel ursi and moschus was injected into GB34 of mice every other day for 12 days. For 3rd, 7th, 14th day after the injection of LPS, the neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocytc counts in WBC were measured using hemacytometer. Results : The obstain results are summarized as follows ; 1. In sample group, the neutrophils counts were increased and the lympnocytes counts were decreased compared with control group. 2. The distribution of fibrosis & fibroblast on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 3. The distribution of collagen fiber on synovial membrane were decreased compared' with control group. 4. The distribution of CD54(ICAM-1) & CD106(VCAM-1) on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 5. The distribution of IL-$1{\beta}$ & IL-2 receptor on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 6. The distribution of CDb(macrophage) on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 7. The distribution of CD4(TH cell), CD8(TC cell) and CD40(B cell) in common iliac lymph nodes were decreased compared with control group. Conclusions : BUM aqua-acupuncture stimulation decreased inflammatory responses LPS induced arthritis in mice.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1981

CdSe 반수체와 SiO유전체를 사용하여 진공증착방법으로 박막트랜지스터를 제조하고 반도체의 두께 및 드레인-소오스간의 채널길이 변화가 박막트랜지스터의 특성에 미치는 경향을 조사하였다. 반도체의 두께를 1500Å으로 하고 채널길이를 40μm으로 제조한 TFT가 가장 좋은 특성을 나타내었다. 이 특성을 MOSFET의 관계식에 적용하여 이로부터 Cd Se반도체의 캐리어 이동도는 115㎠/V·sec였고 활성화 에너지는 0.13ev였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2013

Differences in the filling amount of substrates in container can influence severely on the soil physical properties and crop growth. This research was conducted to secure the fundamental informations related to the changes in soil physical properties as influenced by the filling amount of coir dust-based substrates in container. For the experiment, three substrates were formulated by blending coir dust (CD) with expanded rice hull (CD+ERH, 8:2, v/v), carbonized rice hull (CD+CRH, 6:4, v/v) or ground and aged pine bark (CD+GAPB, 8:2, v/v). Based on the optimum bulk density, the amount of substrates filled in 347.5mL aluminum cylinder were adjusted to 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130%. Then the changes in total porosity (TP), container capacity (CC), and air-filled porosity (AFP) by various filling amounts were measured. The TP decreased linearly in CD+ERH and CD+GAPB and quadratically in CD+CRH as the filling amounts of the media increased from 90% to 130%. The CC in CD+ERH and CD+GAPB media increased as the filling amount increased from 90% to 120%, then decreased in 130%, showing quadratic change. The CC in CD+CRH was the highest in 90% filling amount and decreased gradually as the filling amount of root medea increased. The AFPs in CD+ERH and CD+GAPB media were 38 and 37%, respectively in 90% filling amount and they decreased drastically until 110% filling, then gradually in 120 and 130% filling amount showing the quadratic changes. The AFP of CD+CRH at 90% filling amount was 22% and it decreased as the filling amount increased until 130%, showing linear change. These results indicate that the increase in filling amount of substrates influenced more severely the AFP than CC, and careful consideration on container filling is required to provide a better root condition thus maximize crop growth.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2024

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic heavy metal that accumulates in organisms after passing through their respiratory and digestive tracts. Although several studies have reported the toxic effects of Cd exposure on human health, its role in embryonic development during preimplantation stage remains unclear. We investigated the effects of Cd on porcine embryonic development and elucidated the mechanism. Methods: We cultured parthenogenetic embryos in media treated with 0, 20, 40, or 60 µM Cd for 6 days and evaluated the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation. To investigate the mechanism of Cd toxicity, we examined intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, we examined mitochondrial content, membrane potential, and ROS. Results: Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates began to decrease significantly in the 40 µM Cd group compared with the control. During post-blastulation, development was significantly delayed in the Cd group. Cd exposure significantly decreased cell number and increased apoptosis rate compared with the control. Embryos exposed to Cd had significantly higher ROS and lower GSH levels, as well as lower expression of antioxidant enzymes, compared with the control. Moreover, embryos exposed to Cd exhibited a significant decrease in mitochondrial content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of mitochondrial genes and an increase in mitochondrial ROS compared to the control. Conclusions: We demonstrated that Cd exposure impairs porcine embryonic development by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings provide insights into the toxicity of Cd exposure on mammalian embryonic development and highlight the importance of preventing Cd pollution.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.438-443
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• 2021

본 논문은 multiplex deposition sputter system을 사용하였고 ITO 유리기판 위에 CdS 박막을 증착하여 투과율을 향상시키고 제작비용을 절감하는데 목적을 두었다. CdS 박막을 제작할 때 열처리시간을 변화시켜 태양전지를 제작할 때 우수한 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 열처리 시간 변화에 따른 두께와 면 저항은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. 비저항은 최소값 6.68에서 최대값 6.98로 측정되었다. 열처리 시간이 20분 이상하였을 때 투과율은 75% 이상으로 측정되었다. 열처리시간이 10분일 때 밴드갭은 3.665 eV이고 20분 이상은 3.713 eV로 똑같은 결과로 측정되었다. XRD를 분석한 결과 CdS의 구조는 hexagonal로 나왔으며 다른 불순물이 없이 CdS 박막 만 증착되었다. 반치폭 (FWHM)을 계산한 결과는 열처리시간을 20분으로 하였을 때 0.142로 최대값으로 측정되었고 40분일 때 0.133으로 최소값으로 측정되어 열처리 시간을 변화 주었을 때 반치폭은 큰 차이가 없었다. 입자 크기를 측정한 것으로는 열처리시간을 40분으로 하였을 때 11.65 Å으로 최대값이고 20분일 때 10.93 Å으로 최소값으로 측정되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 1996

카드뮴-113 NMR을 이용하여 수용액속에서 카드뮴 이온과 유기산(아세트산, 벤조산 및 프로판산)과의 결합 특성을 알아보았고 여기서 얻어진 결과를 폴리아크릴산(PAA)의 결합자리의 특성연구에 응용하였다. 유기산에 결합된 카드뮴 화합물의 카드뮴-113 NMR 화학적이동 결과 분석으로부터, $CDL^+$와 $CDL_2$(L:카르복실기) 화학종에 해당하는 화학적이동값은 각각 -22에서 -24ppm과 -39에서 -40ppm의 범위를 나타냈다. 카드뮴과 폴리아크릴산 화합물에서는 폴리아크릴산 대 카드뮴의 농도비를 12에서 118eq/mol로 증가시킬 때 화학적 이동값이 -36.6ppm에서 -38.2ppm으로 변하였다. 또한, 폴리아크릴산 대 카드뮴의 농도비를 고정시키고 ([PAA]/[Cd] = 39ep/mol) 용액의 pH를 1에서 6까지 변화시킬 때 화학적이동값은 1.6ppm에서 -37.6ppm으로 변하였다. 이 결과는 폴리아크릴산 대 카드뮴의 농도비 변화 실험에서 주화학종은 1:2 착물($CdL_2$)이고 농도비가 증가하면 1:2 착물형성도 증가하는 것을 보여준다.또한, 낮은 pH에서는 1:1착물($CdL^+$)이 우세하고 pH가 증가하면서 1:2 착물($CdL_2$)이 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 1983

무기질(無機質) 상호간(相互間)에 미치는 영향을 검토(檢討)코저 $CdCl_2$ 용액(溶液)을 음료수(飮料水)(0, 5, 10, 20, 40ppm)로하여 백서(白鼠)에게 4주간(週間) 투여(投與)하였을 때 혈액(血液), 경골(硬骨) 및 치아(齒牙) 중의 무기성분함량(無機成分含量)을 측정(測定) 고찰(考察)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Cd급여수준(給與水準)이 높아짐에 따라 현저한 체중감소(體重減少)와 낮은 사료효율(飼料效率)을 나타내었다. 2. 단위체중(單位體重) 당 장기중량(臟器重量)은 간장(肝臟)이 증가(增加)했는 반면에 다른 장기(臟器)들은 아무런 영향을 받지 않는다. 3. 혈청(血淸) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 현저하게 높았으나, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 Mg함량(含量)은 감소(減少)하였다. 4. 경골(硬骨) 중의 Cd함량(含量)과 P함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 많아졌으나, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca함량(含量) 및 회분함량(灰分含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. 치아(齒牙) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 혈액(血液)과 경골(硬骨)에서 보다 훨씬 많았으며, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 P함량(含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었고, Mg함량(含量)과 회분함량(灰分含量)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2001

Objective: Experimental studies were done to research the effects of Jahap-san(zige-san) on the allergic reaction Methods: For measuring the response about the antiallergic effect we investigated cytokines m-RNA expression of murine splenic B cell, production in anti-CD40 mAb-stimulated murine splenic B cells and the histamine release in IC-2 cells by anti-CD40 mAb-stimulated murine splenic B cells. Results: The extract of Jahap-san(zige-san) revealed significant decrease effect on cytokines m-RNA expression of murine splenic B cell, production in anti-CD40 mAb-stimulated murine splenic B cells and the histamine release in IC-2 cells by anti-CD40 mAb-stimulated murine splenic B cells. Conculusion : The extract of Jahap-san(zige-san) revealed significant effect on the antiallergy.

• Journal of Menopausal Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2018

Objectives: Menopause is associated with adverse metabolic changes in plasma lipoprotein and inflammation markers. Estrogens have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation. Isoflavones (ISO) have structurally similar to estradiol. Our objective was analize the effect of soy-ISO on serum lipid and inflammatory markers (sP-selectin and sCD40L) in postmenopausal women. Methods: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with soy-ISO (50 mg, twice daily) was conducted in 35 healthy postmenopausal women (55-72 years old). The women were divided in 2 groups: 20 were allocated to soy-ISO, and 15 to a placebo group. Results: The changes of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Apo-A1, sP-selectin and sCD40L in 2 groups before and after 12-week treatment showed no statistical significance. In subgroup analysis, soy-ISO supplementation significantly decreased the levels of TC, LDL-C and sCD40L in women under 65 years old, and with null effects on serum lipid and inflammation markers in women over 65 years old. Conclusions: Soy-ISO did not significantly favorable effects on the lipid profile and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. However, in women under 65 years of age, soy-ISO significantly decreased the TC, LDL-C and sCD40L, whereas, no effects on lipid profile and inflammation markers in women over 65 years old were observed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.873-877
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• 2004

This study was designed to determine the optimum conditions of three different factors (mixing time, mixing temperature, and tube size) in reduction of cholesterol in milk using immobilized $\beta$-CD beads. Immobilized $\beta$-CD glass beads were prepared at different conditions of silaniza-tion and $\beta$-CD immobilization reactions. In result, the glass beads (diameter 1 mm) at 20 mM 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and 30 mM $\beta$-CD without base showed the highest choles-terol removal rate as 41%. Using above immobilized $\beta$-CD glass beads, the cholesterol removal rate was 40.2% with 6 h of mixing time in 7 mm diameter tube at $10^{\circ}C$. After choles-terol removal from milk, the glass beads were washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. In recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate was 41%, which was mostly same as that using new glass beads. These results indicated that cholesterol removal rate was about 40% with $\beta$-CD immobilized glass beads, however, the recycling efficiency was almost 100%.