• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

Objectives : DojukSan is known to be effective for treating a urinary diseases and stomatitis. However, there has been a lack of studies regarding the effects of Dojuksan on the inflammatory activities and effector inflammatory disease mechanism about macrophage before is not known. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Dojuksan water extract (DJS) on pharmacological and biochemical actions in inflammation, we examined the effect of DJS on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Methods : In the present study, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis to measure the activation of MAPKs. Cells were treated with 200 ng/mL of LPS 1 h prior to the addition of DJS. Cell viability was measured by MTS assay. The investigation focused on whether DJS inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) productions, as well as the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Results : We found that DJS inhibited LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$ and IL-6 productions as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, DJS suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-protein kinase (JNK). Conclusions : These results suggest that DJS has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced $PGE_2$, NO, and IL-6 production, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in the murine macrophage. These inhibitory effects occur through blockades on the MAPKs phosphorylation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.119-127
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• 2013

Objectives : ${\beta}$-Asarone (BAS) is an active ingredient in Acori Rhizoma. This study investigated anti-neuroinflammatory and memory ameliorating effects of BAS in systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Methods : BAS was administered orally at doses of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg for 3 days prior to LPS (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) injection. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-ㅍ), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, was measured in hippocampus tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction at 4 h after the LPS injection. An ameliorating effect of 30 mg/kg BAS on learning and memory impairment in the LPS-treated mice was verified using the Morris water maze test. Results : BAS significantly attenuated up-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 mRNA in hippocampus tissue of the LPS-treated mice. In acquisition training test, BAS improved learning performance of the LPS-treated mice with a significant decrease of escape latency to the platform. In memory retention test, BAS also ameliorated memory impairment of the LPS-treated mice with a significant increase of swimming time in zones neighboring to the platform, number of target heading, and memory score. Conclusion : The results suggest that inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus by BAS could be one of the mechanisms for BAS-mediated ameliorating effect on learning and memory impairment in LPS-treated mice.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of atmosphere-leaf vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in Heracleum moellendorffii and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus. The VPD was rapidly increased with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity. Taken as a whole, the stomatal transpiration reaction was slightly late with increasing of VPD. Maximum photosynthetic rate at high-VPD condition was 6.49 µmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance, which was a little lower than 5.57 µmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 in Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, respectively. After 2 p.m, stomatal transpiration of Heracleum moellendorffii at the high VPD condition was rapidly decreased. The results indicated that physiological activities in Heracleum moellendorffii are more limited from high VPD conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2024

Seaweeds represent a widely harnessed marine resource that are valued for their abundant supply of essential nutrients, particularly proteins and amino acids. In Korea, where over 500 species of seaweed thrive and more than 50 are utilized for culinary purposes, seaweed has become a staple in regular diets. In this study, we focused on five of the most commonly consumed seaweed species in Korea: Capsosiphon fulvescens, Hizikia fusiforme, Porphyra yezoensis, Saccharina japonica, and Undaria pinnatifida. We closely examined the amino acid compositions of these five species. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and leucine were the most abundant amino acids in the seaweeds. Principal component analysis revealed that the five seaweed species could be classified into three clusters according to their amino acid composition, partially corroborating findings from the phylogenetic analysis. Among various amino acids, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine were the primary amino acids driving differentiation. Notably, U. pinnatifida and C. fulvescens, which demonstrated close phylogenetic proximity, exhibited remarkably similar amino acid profiles. Conversely, although P. yezoensis and S. japonica shared a phylogenetic relationship, they displayed distinctly different amino acid compositions. H. fusiforme emerged as a distinct group in both analyses.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

The crushed fruiting body of Alaskan Porodaedalea pini (Brot.) Murrill (syn. Phellinus pini) was extracted in boiling water for 4 h with the yield of 20.5% in dry mass. This hot-water extract showed significant antiviral activity by inhibiting the plaque formation in HeLa cells by coxackievirus B3 (CVB3) and also showed highest inhibitory effect against neuraminidase activity among water extracts of various mushrooms. From the water extract, the ethanol precipitate (EP) and supernatant fraction (ES) were obtained through 75% ethanol precipitation with the yield of 43.3% and 28.3% in dry mass, respectively. Whereas ES did not show any detectable level of antiviral activity, EP showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of plaque formation by CVB3 in HeLa cells with an $EC_{50}$ (50% effective concentration) of 0.45 mg/mL. The cytotoxicity on HeLa cells by EP was relatively low with the $CC_{50}$ (50% cytotoxic concentration) of 2.25 mg/mL. EP also effectively inhibited neuraminidase activity in a dose-dependent manner showing up to 75% inhibition at 1.7 mg/mL. These results suggest that the hot-water extract and its EP of P. pini fruiting body can be a candidate for the development of a potent broad-range antiviral agent against influenza virus(Flu) as well as CVB3. The major active component of EP was shown to be a heteropolysaccharide-protein complex containing glucose as the main sugar residue with mole percentage of 79.8% and other sugars like galactose (19.2%), xylose (17%), mannose (5.8%), and fucose (4.6%) and a small portion (12.7%, in mass) of protein.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

The objective of the present study is to identify the physico-chemical characteristics of used plug media (UPM) and its effect on growth response of tomato and cucumber seedlings. The UPM from commercial media Mix#5 (Sungro co., Ltd.) was used in this study. This media was sterilized by sterilizer at $120^{\circ}C$ in 30 minutes at 1.5 atm. Physicochemical properties of UPM was compared with new plug media (NPM). Physical properties such as air volume, particle density, solid volume, bulk density were investigated by three phase device (DIK-1130, Japan). And chemical characteristics such as $NO_3$-N, $P_2O_5$, K, Mg, Ca, $SiO_2$, CEC, OM were investigated by soil spectrophotometer (PTIZEN 1412SA, Mecasys Co., Ltd). The result indicates that air volume and water holding capacity of UPM are lower than NPM (25%, 15%, respectively). Bulk density and soil weight are more than two times higher than NPM per unit volume. Compared to NPM, there were no significant different for pH and EC. But CEC of UPM is lower than NPM 40%. In order to compare growth response and ability absorption of inorganic elements by plants, cucumber and tomato seedlings were used and chemical characteristics after growing of mediums were determined. The result indicated that seeding quality of tomato and cucumber in UPM is less than in NPM and almost inorganic ions of UPM are lower than NPM. So it is necessary to improve physicochemical properties of UPM.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.484-491
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• 1997

The study was attempted to investigate physicochemical and biological changes that would occur during preparation of Jeungpyun (rice cake prepared with rice wine). Furthermore, the effect of soy milk and suga. addition to Jeungpyun batters on textural changes of Jeungpyun during storage was studied in relation to physicochemical properties of Jeungpyun batters. 1. As fermentation continued, PH of Jeungpyun batters droped from 6.01 to 4.36. The addition of soy milk and 10% sugar to Jeungpyun batters resulted in significantly lower PH during fermentation. The volume of the batters with soy milk were significantly larger than those without soy milk. Jeungpyun batters with soy milk showed dramatic increase in viscosity after 2 hours of fermentation and the viscosity of other groups increased after 3 and half hours of fermentation. The reducing sugar contents of Jeungpyun batters containing 20% sugar increased rapidly during first fermentation and then decreased. The reducing sugar contents of Jeungpyun batters containing 10% sugar increased gradually during first fermentation and then rapidly increased after addition of 10％ sugar during 3rd fermentation. 2. Sensory evaluation results demonstrated that hardness of Jeungpyuns increased and tenderness, springiness, moistureness, overall acceptability decreased during storage of 4 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. QTS data showed that hardness, gumminess, chewiness of all the groups increased and adhesiveness decreased during storage. Both of sensory evaluation and QTS data demonstrated that addition of soy milk and separate addition of sugar at first and furing 3rd fermentation period induced slower changes in textural properties in Jeungpyuns during storage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary Panax Ginseng Refuse(PGR), Dioscorea Japonica Refuse(DJR) and Oriental Medicine Refuse(OMR) on performance(feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, mortality) of Korean Native Chicken(KNC). KNC were randomly assigned to one of the 4 dietary treatment : 1) control(commercial feed), 2) PGR(commercial feed supplemented with 5% panax ginseng leaves) 3) DJR(commercial feed with 5% dioscorea japonica hulls and 4) OMR (commercial feed with 5% oriental medicine refuse). 160 KNC were fed one of the above experimental diet for 12 weeks and slaughtered at 20 weeks of age. Daily DM intake of control, PGR, DJR and OMR diet were 125.79g, 122.26g, 122.30g and 123.72g, respectively, with no significantly difference(p$>$0.05). The DM utilizability of control and DJR(62.89% and 61.20%) diets were higher(p$<$0.05) than those of PGR and OMR(55.44% and 59.76%)(p$<$0.05). 16 weeks weight of bird fed control, PGR, DJR and OMR diets were 1,436.6g, 1,427.2g, 1,546g and 1,422.0g respectively with DJR being the highest than other treatments(p$<$0.05). Total feed intake of control, PGR, DJR and OMR diets were 6,087g, 5,947g, 5,816g and 5,852g, respectively where control was higher than other treatments. The feed conversion of PGR, DJR and OMR were higher than the control. Chicken housed mortality of control, PGR, DJR and OMR were respectively 24, 15, 13 and 20 birds with rather lower mortality in the supplented groups(p$<$0.05). The body weight, carcass weight and carcass yield were not different among the treatments. But abdominal fat of chicken in control and OMR groups were higher than that of DJR and PGR groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2001

연구목적: 본 연구는 생쥐 preantral follicles의 체외 배양 조건을 확립하고 이를 기초로 높은 체외 발달률 그리고 산자 생산률을 얻고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법 : Preantral follicles의 oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs)는 생후 12일된 FI ($C57BL{\times}CBA$)으로부터 난소를 적출하여 효소를 이용한 방법을 통해 획득하였다. 회수된 complexes는 10일 또는 12일 동안 체외 성장을 위해 Transwell-COL membrane insert로 옮겨졌고 5% FBS, 100 mIU/ml FSH, 100 mIU/ml hMC가 첨가된 ${\alpha}MEM$에서 배양되었다. 체외 성숙을 위해 1.5 IU/ml hCG가 첨가된 ${\alpha}MEM$에서 18 hrs 배양을 실시하였다. 그 후 M16에서 수정능력이 획득된 정자와 수정을 하여 4 hrs, 7 hts, 9 hrs 후에 10% FBS가 첨가된 modified M16 배양액에서 4일간 배양하거나 또는 bovine cumulus cell과 co-culture를 실시하였다. 그리고 형태적으로 정상적인 22개의 상실배와 포배를 2마리의 위임신 대리모 (ICR)의 자궁에 이식하여 산자 생산을 유도하였다. 결과: 1) OGCs 크기가 mouse preantral follicles의 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 $120{\sim}150{\mu}m$의 preantral follicles (MII: 33.0%, 난할률: 36.7%, 상실배 이상; 20.9%)은 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 있어서 $70{\sim}110{\mu}m$ (MII: 12.2%, 난할률: 10.2%, 상실배 이상: 4.8%)보다 더 높았다(p<0.001). 2)체외 성장기간의 연장이 mouse preantral follicles의 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 10일 (난할률: 38.2%)은 12일 (난할률: 20.0%)보다 난할률에서만 더 높았다 (p<0.01). 3) 체외 수정 시간의 연장이 mouse preantral follicle의 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 9 hrs (난할룰 31.5%, 상실배 이상: 14.3%)은 4 hrs (난할률: 17.5%, 상실배 이상: 4.8%), 7 hrs (난할률: 20.4%, 상실배 이상: 6.1%) 보다 세포질성숙에 있어서 유의하게 높은 발달률을 나타냈다 (p<0.01). 4) 공배양이 mouse preantral follicle의 세포질성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 공배양 (상실배 이상: 17.4%)을 실시했을 때와 M16 (상실배 이상17.4%)에서 배양되었을 때는 차이가 없었다. 5)preantral follicle의 크기 ($120{\sim}150{\mu}m$), 체외 성장기간 (10일), 체외 수정 기간 (9시간), 배양 환경 (단지 medium만 존재)의 적절한 결과들을 종합하여 수행하였을 때 MII 성숙률, 난할률, 상실배 이상의 발달률은 30.2%, 39.3%, 22.5%이었고 총 22개의 상실배 및 포배를 2마리의 대리모에 이식했을 때 1마리가 임신했고 1마리의 산자를 생산했다. 결론: 따라서, 본 실험은 preantral follicle을 이용한 체외 배양 시스템이 생쥐 oocyte를 공급하는 또 다른 방법으로 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1986

The chemical changes and the quality of the soysauce which was Bade by new convenient method using vinyl teat instead of koji room, replacing wheat with milled barley koji were investigated. Protease activity of the koji was higher as tile ratio of soybeans was increased but amylase activity was higher as the ratio of milled barley was increased. The amounts of total nitrogen showed substantial increases until 80 days and afterwards, their rates of increases were lower. The more its content of soybeans, the higher its amount of total nitrogen, The amount of amino nitrogen increased slowly in all samples and the sample which had a large amount of soybeans was higher than those with small amounts of soybeans. The amount of ammonia nitrogen showed increases until 120 days tut decreased after then. The amount of reducing sugar showed increases until 80 days and decreased after then and the greater its source of carton, the higher its amount of reducing sugar. The total acid contort had large increases until 100 days in all samples and afterward they did not show any particular changes. The changes of pH decreased for 100 days and afterwards, they increased a little. In the original soysauce, combined ratio of soybean 3 to milled barley 2 and the sample of those ratio 4 : 1 are better than others and in diluted soysauce combined ratio of soybean 4 to milled barley 1 is better than the others. In original soysauce the use of $20{\sim}40%$ barley koji, which is added to soybeans, is superior and diluted soysauce the use of 20% barley koji is superior.