• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2016

Debye temperature is an important thermodynamical factor in quantum dots (QDs); it can be used to determine the degree of homogeneity of a QD structure as well as to study the interdiffusion mechanism during growth. Direct estimation of the Debye temperature can be obtained using the Varshni relation. The Varshni relation is an empirical formula that can interpret the change of emission energy with temperature as a result of phonon interaction. On the other hand, phonons energy can be calculated using the Fan Expression. The Fan expression and Varshni relation are considered equivalent at a temperature higher than Debye temperature for InAs quantum dot. We investigated InAs quantum dot optically, the photoluminescence spectra and peak position dependency on temperature has been discussed. We applied a mathematical treatment using Fan expression, and the Varshni relation to obtain the Debye temperature and the phonon energy for InAs quantum dots sample. Debye temperature increase about double compared to bulk crystal. We concluded that the In/Ga interdiffusion during growth played a major role in altering the quantum dot thermodynamical parameters.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2019

Organometal halide perovskite materials have attracted much attention in the photovoltaic and light emitting devices due to the compositional flexibility with AMX₃ formula (A is an organic amine cation; M is a metal ion; X is a halogen atom). The addition of homovalent or heterovalent metal cations to the bulk organohalide perovskites has been performed to modify their energy band structure and the relevant optoelectronic properties by ligand-assisted ball milling. Here, we report CH₃NH₃Pb_1-xM_xBr₃ nanocrystals substituted by metallic cations (M is Sn²⁺, In³⁺, Bi³⁺; x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2). Photoluminescence and quantum yield was significantly reduced with increasing metallic cations content. These quenching effect could be resulted from the metal cations that behave as a non-radiative recombination center.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.644-648
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• 2002

Though it was difficult of globally monitor latent heat flux aver the ocean for many years, the situation is rapidly changing by the use of satellite data. Since a bulk formula is used to estimate turbulent heat flux using satellite data, we need wind speed, sea surface temperature and specific humidity data. However, it is not easy to accurately estimate specific humidity using satellite data. Now several algorithms for estimating specific humidity have been proposed and applied to construct latent heat flux data sets. Latent heat flux data sets derived from satellite data such as J-OFURO, HOAPS and GSSTF are available at present. Since the algorithm and used satellite data are not the same between them. the characteristics of each data set may be different. Therefore, it is important to clarify the difference between each data set and investigate the cause of the difference in latent heat flux estimates. In this paper we summarize the present state of the art with regard to the turbulent heat flux estimation by using satellite data. Also we present the comparison results of latent heat flux fields including not only satellite-derived flux fields but also analysis fields.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2021

본 연구는 압력을 이용한 제올라이트 내 중금속 양이온 또는 CO₂ 기체 포집 등의 응용연구를 하기 위한 기초 단계로 제올라이트의 압력 및 압력전달 매개체(Pressure-transmitting medium, PTM)에 따른 결정구조의 변화를 알아보기위한 목적으로 실험을 진행하였다. 천연 제올라이트 멜리노이트(Merlinoite, (K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5,Na)₁₀ Al₁₀Si₂₂O₆₄× 22H₂O)와 동일한 골격구조를 가지는 합성 물질인 제올라이트-W(K_6.4Al_6.5Si_25.8O₆₄× 15.3H₂O, K-MER)의 압력 하 압력전달 매개체에 따른 선형 압축률 및 체적 탄성률의 변화에 대한 X선 회절연구를 진행하였다. 합성된 시료는 정방정계에 속하는 I4/mmm 공간군으로 확인되었다. 압력전달 매개체 중 제올라이트의 동공 및 채널을 투과할 수 있는 투과 매개체(Penetrating medium)로 물, 이산화탄소를, 비투과 매개체로 실리콘 오일(Silicone-oil)을 각각 사용하였으며, 상압에서 최대 3 GPa까지 약 0.5 GPa 간격으로 가압하였다. 다이아몬드 고압유도장치 및 방사광 X-선원을 이용하여 압력 하 시료의 분말 회절을 측정하였고, 르바일(Le-Bail)법 및 버치-머내한 상태방정식을 이용하여 격자상수 및 체적탄성률의 변화를 관찰하였다. 모든 실험에서 c축의 선형압축률(𝛽^c)은 0.006(1) GPa^-1또는 0.007(1) GPa^-1의 값을 보여 압력 증가 대비 유사한 압축률을 보인 반면, a축의 압축률(𝛽^a)은 실리콘 오일 실험에서 0.013(1) GPa^-1을 보여 물과 이산화탄소 (𝛽^a=0.006(1) GPa^-1) 실험결과에 비해 압축률이 약 두 배정도 큰 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 체적탄성률(K₀)은 물, 이산화탄소, 실리콘 오일의 실험에서 각각 50(3) GPa, 52(3) GPa, 29(2) GPa로 도출되었다. 압력 증가에 따른 ac면의 orthorhombicity를 측정한 결과 물과 이산화탄소 실험에서는 0.350~0.353의 비교적 일정한 값을 보였으나, 실리콘 오일의 실험에서는 y = -0.005(1)x + 0.351(1)의 함수를 만족시키며 압력이 증가할수록 값이 점차 작아졌다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제18권4호통권46호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2005

석류석은 하부맨틀의 최상부인 약 660 km깊이까지 올리빈, 휘석과 함께 주요한 구성광물 중의 하나이다. 석류석은 약 660 km를 지나 하부맨틀에서 페롭스카이트와 코런덤으로 상변이를 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 실험방법 및 상변이 깊이와 상변이 경로에 대해서 아직까지 논쟁의 대상이 되고 있다. 실험은 천연산 알만딘(($Fe_{2.52}Ca_{0.21}Mg_{0.18}Mn_{0.12})Al_{2.23}Si_{2.97}O_{12}$)에 마오-벨 타입의 다이아몬드 앤빌기기를 이용하여 실온에서 62 GPa까지 압축실험을 시행하여 체적탄성계수를 결정하였다. 실험결과는 다음과 같다 : 62 GPa에서 격자상수 = $10.775\;{\AA}$, 체적 = $1251.16\;{\AA}^{3}$, X-선밀도 = $5.265\;g/cm^{3}$, 버치-머내한 상태방정식을 이용하여 계산한 체적탄성계수는 156 GPa이다(이때 $K_{0}\;'$는 4로 가정함). 본 연구는 포항가속기연구소의 방사광을 이용하여 시행한 국내 첫 고압실험결과이다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.410-416
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• 2015

Recently, a new $Y_2O_3$ coating deposited using the EB-PVD method has been developed for erosion resistant applications in fluorocarbon plasma environments. In this study, surface crack formation in the $Y_2O_3$ coating has been analyzed in terms of residual stress and elastic modulus. The coating, deposited on silicon substrate at temperatures higher than $600^{\circ}C$, showed itself to be sound, without surface cracks. When the residual stress of the coating was measured using the Stoney formula, it was found to be considerably lower than the value calculated using the elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of bulk $Y_2O_3$. In addition, amorphous $SiO_2$ and crystalline $Al_2O_3$ coatings were similarly prepared and their residual stresses were compared to the calculated values. From nano-indentation measurement, the elastic modulus of the $Y_2O_3$ coating in the direction parallel to the coating surface was found to be lower than that in the normal direction. The lower modulus in the parallel direction was confirmed independently using the load-deflection curves of a micro-cantilever made of $Y_2O_3$ coating and from the average residual stress-temperature curve of the coated sample. The elastic modulus in these experiments was around 33 ~ 35 GPa, which is much lower than that of a sintered bulk sample. Thus, this low elastic modulus, which may come from the columnar feather-like structure of the coating, contributed to decreasing the average residual tensile stress. Finally, in terms of toughness and thermal cycling stability, the implications of the lowered elastic modulus are discussed.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-31
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• 1987

Nowadays, the transportation of almost all cargoes depends on sea routes in international trade. In the transaction of trade, cargo transportation must be completed on the base of two contrary objectives, one of which is to protect the vessel, cargoes and crew aborad her safely through every step of the transportation and the other is to pursue profits from the transaction of the trade. In spite of the great development of the modern techniques in shipbuilding today, many sea disaters of big merchant vessels have been occurring successively in winter seasons every year on the sea routes of the North Pacific Ocean. Whenever the accident of losing a vessel in rough sea occurred , many experts of the country to which the vessel belonged had tried to take out the reason of the missing without manifesting the exact cause of the unhappy occurrence. In this paper, we calculated ocean wave status along the route of the North Pacific Ocean theoretically concluded by us as optimum on the basis of weather and sea conditions. In the calculation, we used ITTC wave spectrum formula and meteorological data of "Winds '||'&'||' Waves of the north Pacific Ocean" edited by Ship Research Institute of Japan on the basic data assembled by World Meterological Organization through past 10 years. We selected three sample vessels of most common size in the North Pacific Ocean Routes, a container, a log carrier and a bulk carrier and applied tree sample vessels to the calculated sea conditions for getting the rolling angles of the vessels and stress exerting on the hulls. Examining the calculated results, we concluded as follows; 1. Under the condition of these status7 by beaufort scale, "heave to" maneuvering is the best and safest way to steer every vessel. 2. The most dangerous part of sea area along the west bound optimum route of the North Pacific Ocean in winter season, is the southern sea area of the Kamchatka peninsula.a peninsula.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2017

Through silicon via (TSV) technology is extensively used in 3D IC integrations. The special structure of the TSV is realized by CMP (Chemically Mechanical Polishing) process with a high Cu removal rate and, low dishing, yielding fine topography without defects. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical behavior of copper slurries with various inhibitors in the Cu CMP process for advanced TSV applications. One of the slurries was carried out for the most promising process with a high removal rate (${\sim}18000{\AA}/Min$ @ 3 psi) and low dishing (${\sim}800{\AA}$), providing good microstructure. The effects of pH value and $H_2O_2$ concentration on the slurry corrosion potential and Cu static etching rate (SER) were also examined. The slurry formula with a pH of 6 and 2% $H_2O_2$, hadthe lowest SER (${\sim}75{\AA}/Min$) and was the best for TSV CMP. A novel Cu TSV CMP process was developed with two CMPs and an additional annealing step after some of the bulk Cu had been removed, effectively improving the condition of the TSV Cu surface and preventing the formation of crack defects by variations in wafer stress during TSV process integration.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.171-186
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• 2017

This paper introduces a study on ship performance in waves to consider the effects of added resistance in the early stage of hull-form design. A ship experiences a loss of speed in actual seaways, hence this study proposes the overall procedure of a new design concept that takes into account the hydrodynamic performance of ship in waves. In the procedure, the added resistance is predicted using numerical methods: slender-body theory and Maruo's far-field formulation, since these methods are efficient in initial design stage, and an empirical formula is adopted for short waves. As computational models, KVLCC2 hull and Supramax bulk carrier are considered, and the results of added resistance and weather factor for test models are discussed. The computational results of vertical motion response and added resistance of KVLCC2 hull are compared with the experimental data. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of added resistance and weather factor for KVLCC2 hull to the variations of ship dimensions are conducted, and the change of the added resistance and propulsion factors after hull form variations are discussed.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2000

흑진주미를 이용한 쌀식빵을 제조하기 위하여 흑진주미를 압출성형공법으로 팽화 처리한 후 이에 대한 물성 및 호화도를 측정하고, 팽화흑진주미의 첨가율에 따른 제빵적성과 관능검사를 검토하였다. 압출 성형물의 팽화율은 원료의 수분함량이 많을수록 낮아졌고, 전단강도와 용적율은 증가하였다. 원료의 수분을 20%로 조절하여 팽화하였을때 호화도는 92%였다. 팽화흑진주미를 첨가한 식빵의 부피는 첨가비율이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 무게에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 색차는 팽화흑진주미를 첨가할수록 점차 식빵의 색이 어두워지고 적색을 많이 띄고 황색은 적어지는 경향을 나타내었으며, 팽화흑진주미의 첨가비율이 경도에는 유의한 영향을 주지 않았다. 관능검사 결과 팽화흑진주미를 첨가한 군이 향과 색, 맛에서 모두 대조군보다 높은 선호도를 나타냈으며, 향과 색, 맛, 조직감의 전체적인 선호도가 팽화흑진주미를 10% 첨가한 군에서 높게 나타났다.