• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2002

The manufacturing of a metal bellows consists of the four main forming processes; deep-drawing, ironing, tube bulging and folding. Among these, the bulging and folding processes are critically important because the quality of metal bellows is greatly influenced by the forming conditions of these processes. In the present study, the finite element analysis technique is applied to the bulging and folding processes. The springback analysis is also called out. From the analysis results, it has been revealed that around the crown point the stress state is in one-directional tension and one-directional bending mode. Meanwhile, around the inner point of metal bellows it is in two-directional bending mode. It has also revealed that the thickness of metal bellows around the crown point is nearly uniform.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.633-644
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• 2000

Recently, in proportion to the increase of earthquake occurrence-frequency and its strength in the countries within the circum-pan Pacific earthquake belt, a concept of earthquake-proof design for huge structures containing liquid has been growing up. This study deals with the refinement of classical numerical approaches for the free vibration analysis of separated structure and liquid motions. According to the liquid-structure interaction, LNG-storage tanks exhibit two distinguished eigenmodes, the sloshing mode and the bulging mode. For the sloshing -mode analysis, we refine the classical rigid-tank model by reflecting the container flexibility. While, for the bulging-mode analysis, we refine the classical uncoupled structural vibration system by taking the liquid free-surface fluctuation into consideration. We first construct the refined dynamic models for both problems, and present the refined numerical procedures. Furthermore, in order for the efficient treatment of large-scale matrices, we employ the Lanczos iteration scheme and the frontal-solver for our test FEM program. With the developed program we carry out numerical experiments illustrating the theoretical results.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2003

Liquid storage rectangular tank structures are used in many fields of airplane and marine engineering. Fatigue damages are sometimes observed in these tanks which seem to be caused by resonance. Therefore it is essentially important to estimate vibration characteristics of tank structures. Many Investigators studied the vibration of cylindrical and rectangular tank structures containing still fluid. In general, the eigenbehavior of interior liquid is characterized by the sloshing mode while that of the structure by the bulging mode. However, the structure deformation to the sloshing mode and the liquid free-surface fluctuation to the bulging mode have been neglected in the classical added-mass computation. in the present paper, we study the vibration characteristics with sloshing mode effect.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.751-759
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• 2003

The theoretical method is developed to investigate the vibration characteristics of the sloshing and bulging mode for the circular cylindrical storage tank with an annular plate on free surface. The cylindrical tank is filled with an inviscid and incompressible liquid. The liquid domain is limited by a rigid cylindrical surface and a rigid flat bottom. As the effect of free surface waves Is taken into account in the analysis, the bulging and sloshing modes are studied. The solution for the velocity potential of liquid movement is assumed as a suitable harmonic function that satisfies Laplace equation and the relevant boundary conditions. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to derive the frequency equation of the cylindrical tank. The effect of Inner-to-outer radius ratio and thickness of annular plate and liquid volume on vibration characteristics of storage tank is studied. The finite element analysis is performed to demonstrate the validity of present theoretical method.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권A호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2007

Centrifuge model tests were performed to find appropriate equations proposed previously of estimating the bearing capacity of the composite clayey soil reinforced with sand compaction pile. Model tests were carried out with changing the replacement ratio of SCP (20%, 40%, 70%), contents of fine materials (5%, 10%, 15%) and ratio of treated width to loading width (1B, 2B, 3B). Test results about bearing capacity of the composite ground were obtained by performing the surcharge load tests with measurements of applied loads and vertical displacement. Bearing capacities against bulging and shear failures were estimated by the existing equations. As results of comparing the estimated bearing capacity with experimental values the bearing capacities estimated by Greenwood's equation (1970) for bulging failure mode were similar to the test results.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2003

쇄석다짐말뚝(Stone Column Method)은 연약한 점성토 지반이나 느슨한 사질토 지반의 개량에 사용되는 연약지반처리공법이다. 여러 가지 현장 시험과 실내 시험 결과, 쇄석다짐말뚝은 기존의 모래말뚝공법에 비해 지지력증대, 지반보강, 사면보강, 액상화 방지억제 등의 효과를 극대화할 수 있는 공법으로 알려져 있으나, 국내에서는 그 연구가 미약하여 설계 실무에서는 경험적인 방법이나 공식에만 의존하여 설계가 이루어지고 있는 상태이다(천병식, 2001). 또한 기존의 제안식에 대하여 검증 없이 사용되고 있어 기존에 제안된 지지력 이론식에 대해 검증할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 부산 00 0호교 건설공사지역 A1교대 구간의 실제 정재하시험 데이터와 가덕, 광양, 울산 신항만건설현장에 대한 비배수전단강도($c_u$)를 이용하여 단일쇄석다짐말뚝에 대한 Bulging 및 General shear failure시의 기존의 이론식들을 각각 비교분석하고, 실제 재하시험에서 얻은 극한지지력과 함께 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 지지력 이론식으로 구한 극한지지력이 정재하시험의 실측치 보다 매우 적은 결과를 보였으며, 원지반의 비배수전단강도($c_u$)는 극한지지력에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 실내 및 현장실험을 통해 보다 정확한 지반물성치와 현장 재하시험을 통해 국내적용시 실용적인 극한지지력을 산정하고 기존의 이론식을 개선해 나가야 할 것이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.457-471
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• 2023

To make up for the performance weaknesses of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), expand the application range of RAC, and alleviate the environmental problems caused by excessive exploitation of natural coarse aggregates (NCA), this study proposes a basalt fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (BFRRAC)-filled square steel tubular columns that combines two modification methods of steel tube and fiber, which may greatly enhance the mechanical properties of RAC. The axial compression performance for BFRRAC-filled square steel tubular columns was reported during this study. Seven specimens with different replacement ratios of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), length-diameter ratios, along with basalt fiber (BF) contents were designed as well as fabricated for performing axial compression test. For each specimen, the whole failure process as well as mode of specimen were discovered, subsequently the load-axial displacement curve has obtained, after which the mechanical properties was explained. A finite element analysis model for specimens under axial compression was then established. Subsequently, based on this model, the factors affecting axial compression performance for BFRRAC-filled square steel tubes were extended and analyzed, after which the corresponding design suggestion was proposed. The results show that in the columns with length-diameter ratios of 5 and 8, bulging failure was presented, and the RAC was severely crushed at the bulging area of the specimen. The replacement ratio of RCA as well as BF content little affected specimen's peak load (less than 5%). As the content of BF enhanced from 0 kg/m³ to 4 kg/m³, the dissipation factor and ductility coefficients increased by 10.2% and 5.6%, respectively, with a wide range.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1996

Use of stone column for deep ground treatment in soft clay soils is an effective method. The stone column significantly increases load carrying capacity of the soft clay soil. A analysis method for bearing capacity of stone column in soft clay soil is developed. The capacity made by developed method are compared wity observed values from field load test and a reasonable correlation is noted.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.519-522
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• 2003

An appearance of herniated intervertebral disc into thoracolumbar vertebral canal was evaluated in two patients using computed tomography (CT). Before CT scanning, plain radiography and myelography were performed in both cases. CT images were compared to those of myelography. Dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency under inhalation anesthesia and transverse slices with 2 mm thickness were obtained around thoracolumbar region. The transverse CT images were examined using both vertebral and spiral window mode. The most common findings on CT images were loss of vertebral canal epidural fat, bulging of vertebral canal disc margins, displacement of spinal cord and flatted vertebral canal. Whereas, narrowed intervertebral disc space and simple extradural pattern were the main findings on plain and contrast radiographs. CT imges showed the extent of the herniated disc lesion, type II intervertebral disc hernation, and the displacement of spinal cord in detail in both occations. It is considered that degree and precise localization of the intervertebral disc herniation and subtle lesion of spinal cord could be identified accurately using computed tomography.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.253-257
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• 2005

A tube hydroformability testing system was designed and fabricated so as to observe the forming process and to apply forming condition along arbitrarily pre-programmed internal pressure-axial feed path. The forming limit diagram of A6063 extruded tube, of 40.6 mm outer diameter and 2.25 mm thickness, was successfully obtained through free bulging and T-forming tests except the region of high positive minor strain. It is found that the data points marked on the FLD are mostly located near the strain paths from the finite element analysis excluding the cases of large axial feed. There exist data points even in the area beyond the uniaxial tension mode, since the reduction in thickness decreases due to the axial feed. The forming limit from T-forming test was considerably lower than that from free bulge test. It seems because the deformation is localized at the pole.