• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.74-86
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Acupuncture Treatment on the change of milk production. Methods: The subjects were 43 women who admitted for postpartum treatment in Hospital of Woosuk University from 25th July 2005 to 25th May 2007. The Control group were 22 women and Acupunture treatment group were 21 women. In control group we measured only the breast milk amount and in acupunture treatment group we measured the breast milk amount after acupunture at Sot#aek(SI1), $Ch{\bar{o}}njung$(CV17), $Yug{\bar{u}}n$(ST18), Chok-Samni(ST36). We checked breast milk amount, VAS(satisfaction of breast milk amount), vital sign, wrong response everyday. We tested CBC, LFT(AST, ALT, ${\gamma}-GTP$), prolactin before and after clinical study. Results: VAS of acupunture treatment group was significantly decresed compared with that of control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that acupuncture treatment may be useful for breast feeding.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 오케타니 유방마사지가 산욕초기 수유부의 유방불편감, 모유량 및 모유 Total Protein에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 연구설계는 비동등성 대조군 전후시차설계를 이용한 유사실험연구이다. 연구대상은 유방불편감이 있는 산욕초기 산모 60명으로, 실험군과 대조군은 각각 30명이었고, 자료수집은 설문지와 산모가 자가 채취한 모유를 분석하였다. 간호중재로 실험군에게 오케타니 유방마사지를 출산 후 2회 실시하였고, 대조군에게 Self Mamma Care(SMC)을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 $x^2-test$, t-test로 분석하였다. 연구결과에서 오케타니 유방마사지를 받은 실험군이 SMC 교육을 받은 대조군보다 유방불편감이 감소하였고, 모유량, 모유 Total Protein이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으므로 오케타니 유방마사지가 유방불편감을 개선하고, 모유량을 증가시키고, 모유 Total Protein을 증가시키는 데 효과적이라 할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 임상실무에서 산욕초기 수유부에게 유방관련 불편감 감소와 모유량 증가, 모유성분을 개선하는 간호중재로 오케타니 유방마사지가 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

at Jeonju Wonkwang University Oriental Medicine hospital postpartum care center. Results The majority of women(79.2%) had planned breast-feeding. However, only 32.1% of women currently have fed breast-feeding. 58% of mothers who did partial breast-feeding and breast-feeding currently have planned to breast-feed more than 7 months. The main reason of bottle-fed is concern of insufficient amount of breast milk(72.2%). Also the main reason of breast-feeding is good for baby's health(90%). The average score on the test of the understanding about the methods and advantages of breast-feeding was $13.98{\pm}1.92$ out of total 18.49.1% of women thought that taking herbal medicine would affect baby during breast-feeding. Also 71.7% of women thought that herbal treatments (acupuncture, herbal medicine) would be helpful when the amount of breast milk is insufficient. Conclusions This survey has showed that in spite of full breast-feeding plan, the percentage of actual breast-feeding rate is low. Timely education is needed to increase breast-feeding rate. It is worth to consider herbal treatment to increase breast milk amount. In addition to that it is necessary to create a hospital environment in which mothers can easily begin breast-feeding as soon as possible after delivery. Moreover, beyond the medical field, political and social supports for breast-feeding are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.782-790
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• 1995

The longitudinal changes in protein secretion from 27 lactating women(primiparae = 10, multiparae=17) and protein intake of infants have been studied from 0.5 to 6 months postpartum in Chungju and Anseong area. The protein contents o breast milk in primiparae appeared significantly higher than in multipaae at 0.5 and 1 month postpartum. The protein secretion of primiparae and multiparae was not significantly different. In breast-feeding period, there was a tendency that protein secretion from 0.5 to 2 months postpartum was higher than thereafter. Average protein intake of boys from milk from 0.5 to 6 months postpartum was significantly higher than that of girls(p<0.05), because volume of milk intake of boys was much more than that of girls. In the amount of protein intake per infant weight, there was no significant difference between boys and girls. Protein intakes per infant weight decreased during lactation. Mean energy consumption of lactating women was 2,327㎉/day, which was 93.1% of recommended energy allowance for Koreans. Mean dietary protein consumption of lactating women was 81g/day, which was 101.3% of recemmended protein allowance for Koreans. Energy ratio of carbohydrate : protein : lipid was appeared to 68.8 : 13.9 : 17.3.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2006

목 적 : 모유수유 기간, 우유병 사용 기간, 생우유를 처음 먹인 시기 및 양을 조사하여 빈혈과의 관련을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 8월 1일부터 2005년 7월 31일까지 전주예수병원에 입원한 12개월에서 36개월 환아 930명을 대상으로 빈혈검사 및 설문지를 통해 전향적으로 연구하였다. 결 과 : 빈혈이 발생하는 연령은 30-36개월에서 많이 발생하였으나, 철분결핍성 빈혈은 18-23개월에서 많이 발생하였다. 모유수유 기간이 12개월 이상과 6개월 미만 순으로 빈혈이 많고, 혈청 ferritin이 낮고 철분결핍성 빈혈이 많았다. 우유병 사용 기간과 빈혈, 혈청 ferritin, 철분결핍성 빈혈은 차이가 없었다. 생우유를 먹고 난 후에 부작용은 변비, 설사, 피부발진 순으로 나타났다. 생우유를 처음 먹인 시기와 빈혈, 혈청 ferritin, 철분결핍성 빈혈은 차이가 없었다. 하루에 생우유를 먹인 양과 빈혈, 혈청 ferritin, 철분결핍성 빈혈은 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 생우유와 우유병 사용 기간과 철분결핍은 관계가 없었으며, 모유수유 기간이 12개월 이상과 6개월 이하 순으로 철분결핍이 많았기 때문에, 철분결핍성 빈혈을 예방하기 위해서는, 적절한 모유수유가 중요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.330-340
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• 2019

Human breast milk contains numerous biomolecules. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant component of breast milk, after lactose and lipids. Amongst the synthetized HMOs, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) are widely studied and are considered safe for infant nutrition. Several studies have reported the health benefits of HMOs, which include modulation of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, modulation of the intestinal epithelial cell response, and development of the immune system. The amount and diversity of HMOs are determined by the genetic background of the mothers (HMO secretors or non-secretors). The non-secretor mothers secrete lower HMOs than secretor mothers. The breastfed infants of secretor mothers gain more health benefit than those of non-secretor mothers. In conclusion, supplementation of infant formula with 2'-FL and LNnT is a promising innovation for infant nutrition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.233-247
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• 1992

The changes in human milk composition from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum were investigated. Milk from 62 mothers was anlyzed for total nitrogen(semimicro kjeldahl) lipid(utilizing a modified Folch) and lactose(enzymatic hydrolysis) Energy was calculated by frac-tional analysis. And the daily milk intakes and major nutrients and energy intakes of 18 exclusi-vely breast-fed infant were determined by the test-weighing procedure and the direct analysis of milk samples at 6 or 7 weeks postpartum. All samples were from well-defined subjects and uniform collection procedures were used. Total nitrogen content decreased significantly from 392 to 211 mg/dl lipid and lactose content increased from 1.94 to 3.06g/dl and 6.90 to 7.50g/dl respectively. And energy content increased 55.6 to 64.5 kcal/dl but was not statistically significant. The amount of milk ingested ranged from 432 to 1266 ml/day and the mean intake was 764 ml/day. Daily mean intakes for protein and energy were 10.0g and 450kcal in 6 or 7 weeks postpartum respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.512-519
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• 1997

To investigate the energy, protein, lipid, and lactose intakes of breast-fed infants of lacto-ove-vegetarians, 25 infants(13 boys, 10 girls) were examined on the 0.5th, 1st, 2nd, and 3nd months of lactation. The amount of breast milk intake was determined by a test-weighing method, and the energy content of protein, lipid, and lactose was calculated using the Atwater factor. Thedaily energy intake for boys averaged 316, 436, 447, and 431kcal and that of girls averaged 284, 399, 401, and 390kcal during lactation, respectively. Average energy intake of boys from milk from 2nd week to the 3rd month postpartum was significantly higher than that of girls(p<0.05), because milk intake volume of boys was much higher than that of girls. The protein intake of boys on 2nd week-3rd month averaged 7.33g/day and that of girls averaged 6.29g/day. The lipid intake of 2nd week, months averaged 21.8g/day and that of girls averaged 20.1g/day. The lactose intake of boys averaged 45.48g/day, while that of girls averaged 41.09g/day. The mean intake of protein and lactose in boys was significantly higher than that of girls.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. Methods: The congener levels of PBDE in 22 samples of breast milk were analyzed using a high resolution gas chromatograph with a high resolution mass detector. In accordance with our standard operating procedures, the recoveries of internal standards had to range between 68% and 118%. Since the distribution of PBDE concentrations is close to log-normal, the data were logarithmically transformed before analysis. Test subjects were healthy primipara and multipara mothers with a mean age of 32 (SD = 2.7) in 2006. Results: Seven PBDE congeners (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were detected and identified in all of the pooled breast milk samples, indicating widespread contamination from PBDEs in the environment in Korea. Residue levels of total PBDEs (sum PBDEs from tri- to hepta-BDE) ranged from 0.84-13.1 ng/g lipid with median and geometric mean levels of 2.6 ng/g lipid and 2.74 ng/g lipid, respectively. PBDE congeners 47, 99 and 153 markedly predominated and accounted for about 75% of the amount of the PBDE congeners analyzed. BDE-47 was the dominant congener in most samples, whereas BDE-153 was predominant in a few (n = 7/22). BDE-47 was highly correlated with total PBDEs (r = 0.987, p < 0.01). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed breast milk PBDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only breast milk BDE-47 and BDE-99 levels were significantly associated with fish (p < 0.05) and meat consumption (p < 0.01). However, we did not find significant correlations between PBDE levels and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), parity, job presence and smoking status. Conclusions: Our findings are mainly limited due to the small sampling size and low doses of PBDEs exposure. Background and human exposure data of PBDEs is lacking, and longitudinal investigations into the environment and biota are encouraged to determine the health impact on future populations in Korea.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.142-152
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• 1993

In recent days, most of mothers prefer bottle feeding to breast feeding. Even mothers who started with breast feeding, change to bottle feeding in a short period. Many factors were reported causing the trend, but a significant influencing latter was revealed the mothers' perception that their breast milk wasn't enough for their babies. The purpose of this study were to identify how mothers of 30 years ago kept breastfeeding longer period for their child, and what were the diet they used in order to keep adequate breast milk secretion. The subjects of this study were 95 women who are over 60 years or older. Data were gathered by 13 authors by interview using structured questionnare. There were 16 questions related to subject's demographic informations and the specific recipe which they used, and 7 questions related to breast feeding techniques they used. Data were analyzed by SPSS/PC and content analysis. Results were as follows. 1. The subjects reflected that their milk secretion was enough to feed their tables. 2. More than half of the subject started breast feeding on the 3rd day after delivery and had continued breast feeding until they were pregnant again. 3. The subjects tried to eat as much rice and seaweed (MiYuk) soup as possible and didn't take any other specific diet during the breast feeding period. 4. The subjects didn't pay specific attention to the breast, general health. emotion, home environment. The only thing they did was being careful not to press breast when not feed. 5. Many subjects perceived that breast feeding made them healthy, and only 7% of subjects responded that they had some health problem during the breast feeding period.