• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2019

This study examined the lifestyle factors, dietary attitudes, food habits, and dietary nutrition intake of college students before and after nutrition education. A total of 44 college students were recruited and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Dietary nutrient consumption was obtained from the one day 24-hr recall. Scores on 'Concerns about health (p<0.05)', 'Regular exercise (p<0.01)', and number of steps (p<0.001) were significantly higher after-training. The dietary attitude (31.3 vs. 33.7, p<0.01) and food habits (53.5 vs. 59.7, p<0.01) were significantly higher after-training. The scores on 'Eating a lot of food that I want to eat is more important than nutrition (p<0.01)', 'I am interested in information on nutrition and health (p<0.01)', 'Have three meals a day (p<0.01)', 'Have breakfast regularly (p<0.01)', 'Drink milk every day (p<0.001)', 'Have fruits every day (p<0.05)', and 'Apply nutrition knowledge to daily life (p<0.001)' were significantly higher after-training. Among the nutrients intakes, the protein (p<0.05), vitamin C (p<0.01), and calcium (p<0.001) were significantly higher after-training. Nutrition education improved the lifestyle factors, dietary attitudes, food habits, and dietary nutrition intakes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.465-479
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• 2018

본 연구는 2017년도 제 13차 청소년건강행태온라인조사 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 청소년의 가당음료 섭취실태를 파악하고 가당음료 섭취와 인구사회학적 특성, 건강관련 행위, 심리적 특성 및 식습관과의 관련요인을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 가당음료 섭취빈도는 탄산음료, 고카페인 또는 에너지음료, 단맛이 나는 음료수에 대한 섭취빈도를 합산하여 산출하였으며, 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인구사회학적 특성별 가당음료 섭취비율을 살펴보면 남학생과 여학생의 가당음료 섭취 비율의 차이를 나타냈으며, 중학생군과 고등학생군의 가당음료 섭취 비율에서도 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 아버지의 학력에서도, 주관적인 학업성적에서도 군간에 가당음료 섭취비율의 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 2. 건강행위별 가당음료를 섭취하는 비율은 흡연군과 비흡연군간에 차이를 나타냈으며, 음주군과 비음주군에서도 섭취 비율의 차이를 보였다. 또한 중강도 고강도운동 등의 신체활동군에서 비신체활동군과의 가당음료 섭취 비율의 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 3. 심리적 특성으로서 스트레스가 높거나 자살 생각 또는 슬픔이나 절망감을 경험한 군에서도 비경험군과 가당음료 섭취 비율이 다르게 나타났다. 4. 식습관 요인을 살펴보면 아침을 주 5일 이상 결식한 군과 비결식군간에, 패스트푸드, 라면, 과자를 일주일에 3회 이상 섭취 또는 편의점 슈퍼마켓 학교매점을 이용하여 식사를 한 경험이 일주일에 3회 이상 있는 군과 3회 미만인 군간에 가당음료 섭취비율의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 채소 반찬의 경우 매일 3회 이상 섭취한 군과 3회 미만으로 섭취한 군간에 가당음료 섭취비율도 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 5. 가당음료 섭취에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보고자 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 여학생보다 남학생이, 중학생보다 고등학생이, 아버지의 학력이 낮을수록, 주관적인 학업성적이 낮을수록, 흡연이나 음주를 하는 학생이 가당음료를 섭취할 가능성이 높았다. 또한 스트레스가 심하거나, 자살 생각 또는 슬픔이나 절망감을 경험한 학생들의 가당음료를 섭취할 가능성이 높게 분석되었다. 또한 아침을 자주 결식하거나, 패스트푸드, 라면, 과자 등 건강하지 못한 식품을 섭취하거나, 편의점, 슈퍼마켓, 학교매점에서 저녁을 간단히 먹는 학생들에게서도 가당음료 섭취 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 우리나라 청소년들의 가당음료 섭취와 인구사회학적 요인, 건강관련행위, 심리적 특성 및 식습관 등 여러 요인들과 연관성이 있음이 관찰되었다. 이러한 가당음료 섭취는 영양적으로 가치가 낮은 반면 칼로리는 높아 비만을 유도하고 각종 질환의 원인이 될 수 있다. 현재 정부에서 청소년들의 당류섭취량을 줄이기 위해 학교 내 또는 학교주변 어린이식품안전보호구역에서 탄산음료 또는 고카페인 함유 음료 판매를 금지하고 있으나, 학생들의 자의적 선택에 의해서 가당음료를 마시지 않도록 하기 위해서는 학교 영양교사나 급식영양사에 의하여 당류 섭취 감소를 위한 주기적인 영양교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 본다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.419-431
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intake and food behavior according to the nutrition knowledge of middle school students residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do, Korea. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires, including 24-hr recall of dietary intake, were collected from 543 male and female middle school students. They were assigned to one of five groups according to their nutrition knowledge : very high group (VHG ; 90 - 100 score), high group (HG ; 80 - 90 score), normal group (NG ; 70 - 80 score), low group (LG ; 60 - 70 score) and very low group (VLG ; < 60 score), and comparisons were made. The mean age of the subjects was 13.7 years old. The mean height, weight, and BMI of male and female students were 161.9 cm, 52.6 kg and 20.2 kg/$m^2$, 157.0 cm, 50.4 kg, and 20.4 kg/$m^2$ respectively. Female students skip breakfast and dinner more frequently than male students do. Male students skipp lunch and eat fast foods more frequently than females do. Protein, calcium, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin, vitamin C, fat, and animal protein intakes in females are shown to be related to their nutrition knowledge. Calcium, protein, animal protein, vitamin B$_2$and niacin intakes are significantly lower in the VLG than in the others. However, vitamin B$_1$and vitamin C intakes are significantly lower both in VHG and VLG. Fat intake in VHG is lowest. Nutrition knowledge of male students is correlated with mothers knowledge, nutrition attitude and nutritional status. On the other hand, in female students, nutrient consumption was lowest in subjects whose nutrition knowledge was highest and lowest. Therefore, nutrient consumption is affected by nutrition knowledge. However, in female students, possibly due to wrong information on diet or prejudice and outlook, nutrient consumption was low even when they scored high in nutrition knowledge. In conclusion, nutrition knowledge of male students is affected by the mothers nutritional knowledge and attitude. Therefore, nutrition education for mothers is very important. In male students, as their nutrition knowledge is low, their nutrient consumption is affect. These results indicate nutrition education and correct information for body image, balanced diet, regularity of meals and food selection for middle school students are required at both school and home.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2024

목적: 본 연구는 청소년의 생활습관과 흡연경험의 연관성을 알아보고 영향요인을 파악하여 청소년 흡연 예방을 위한 기초자료 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 청소년건강행태조사 제17차(2021년) 자료를 활용한 2차 자료 분석으로 설계하였다. 연구대상은 796개 학교 54,848명의 자료를 사용하였으며 연구변수는 일반적특성, 흡연유무와 생활습관인 식습관, 신체활동습관, 수면습관, 스트레스인지정도를 사용하였다. 분석방법으로는 연구대상의 일반적 특성은 빈도분석, 흡연유무에 따른 일반적특성과 생활습관의 차이는 빈도분석과 Pearson Chis-square 검정을 실시하였다. 생활습관이 흡연경험에 미치는 영향요인을 알아보기 위해 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 모든 분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 28을 이용하였고 p<0.05인 경우 통계적으로 유의하다고 판단하였다. 결과: 일반적 특성에서 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 흡연경험이 없는 그룹보다 남학생이 더 많았다(67.4% : 50.1%)(p<0.001). 흡연경험 유무에 따른 생활습관의 차이를 분석한 결과 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 아침식사를 0일 하는 경우(27.7%), 과일섭취를 0번하는 경우(17.8%), 패스트푸드를 매일 3번이상 먹는 경우(0.9%)가 더 많았다(p<.001). 흡연경험 유무에 따른 신체활동습관은 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 60분 이상 숨이 찬 정도의 신체활동을 주 7회 하는 경우(8.4%), 고강도 신체활동을 주 5일 이상 하는 경우가(18.7%)가 더 많았다(p<.001). 수면을 통해 피로회복 정도는 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 전혀 충분하지 않다(21.6%)와 평상시 스트레스를 느끼는 정도가 아주 심한 경우(17.2%)가 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 더 많았다(p<.001). 생활습관과 흡연과의 연관성을 분석한 결과, 아침식사를 0일 하는 경우가 매일 하는 경우 보다 흡연가능성이 증가하였으며(OR=1.759, p<.001), 과일섭취를 0번 섭취하는 경우가 매일 3번 이상 섭취하는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 증가하였다(OR=1.921, p<.001). 패스트푸드 섭취를 0번 하는 경우는 매일 3번 이상하는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 감소하였다(OR=0.206, p<.001). 수면으로 피로회복정도가 충분한 경우는 충분하지 않는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 감소하였으며(OR=0.458, p<.001), 스트레스를 가장 많이 느끼는 경우는 스트레스를 느끼지 않는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 증가하였다(OR=1.260, p<.05). 결론: 청소년의 생활습관은 흡연경험과 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 청소년의 흡연 예방을 위한 정책 및 프로그램 개발 시 흡연행위 뿐만아니라 생활습관을 고려하여 다각적인 측면으로 교육 및 지도하는 방안을 모색할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구가 건강하고 올바른 생활습관 개선을 통한 청소년의 흡연 예방을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.675-685
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool, the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for screening Overweight Dietary Patterns in people in their 20's. We used the data from the 20 to 29 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys: the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 1998. The 1,493 adults were classified into two body fatness groups, that of normal (including the underweight) , and the overweight (including the obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW). When comparing general variables between the two groups, significant differences (11 variables) were found in gender, sadness/depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, presently a smoker, everyday smoking habits, number of alcoholic drinks in the past month, and the number of alcoholic drinks when dunk, as well as snacking frequency and fatty food consumption. There were significant differences between the two groups in the three variables of daily soup/kuk, pan fried fish/meat/poultry and cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid in terms of cooked food intake, and 11 variables of food size, cooked rice, stews, vegetables and kimchi at breakfast, panfried foods and beverage/teas at lunch, cooked rice and stews (liquid) at dinner, cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid at snacks and cooked fishpaste/ham/dried squid at snack between lunch and dinner. In terms of raw food intake, we observed significant differences (8 variables) in daily food intake and grains, grains/vegetables/fishes (shellfish) at breakfast, meat at lunch and milt at snack after dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis using 34 variables, including these 33, plus eating-out frequency, we chose 10 questions for the simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight category, in order to give each one point each. Among them we assigned an additional point to one question and two points to another question. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the questionnaire developed, were 5.97 $\pm$ 2.36 and 7.36 $\pm$ 2.21, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 49.3%,75.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The total score categorized as an overweight dietary pattern was 30.2%.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was designed to understand the oral health fact of high school students, search for an education method and learning goal appropriate for the subjects, and utilize them as basic data to think of effective solutions for oral health care. Methods: The samples to achieve the purpose of this research are composed of 386 students in J industrial high school, OO city, Kyounggido, the number of male students 286, and female students 100. Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabulation by using SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0. Results: First, The answers in terms of oral symptoms were in the order of 31.8% for gum hurt and bleeding, 31.4% for pain in teeth by drinking or eating hot and cold drinks or food, 27.1% for broken or cracked teeth, 25.7% for aching and throbbing teeth, 20.6% for unpleasant mouth smell, and 5.7% for pain of tongue and soft oral tissues. Second, In terms of behavior for oral health, 88.4% answered that they consume cariogenic snacks, while 29.2% of them, 2.5% of male and 6.3% of female enjoy consuming them but hardly brush their teeth after consumption. Third, In terms of timing for brushing teeth, the results show that 50.0% do so before breakfast, 47.9% after breakfast, 15.2% after lunch, 36.9% after dinner, 65.5% before going to sleep, and 3.5% after consuming snacks, whereas 64.2% answered that they are not aware of fluorine mouthwash. Fourth, In terms of oral health condition. proportion of children with one or more caries in permanent teeth was 71.0%, while 51.4% have $2{\sim}3$ cariogenic teeth, and 16.8% have more than 4 cariogenic teeth. Considering sex, female students have somewhat higher ratio showing 68.5% for male and 78.0% for female, but the ratio was 53.1% for male and 46.7% for female in case of $2{\sim}3$ cariogenic teeth, and 17.5% for male and 15.8% for female in case of more than 4 cariogenic teeth. 9.3% of students turned out to have decayed teeth. Fifth, In terms of oral hygiene condition, only 7.9% of them had excellent condition, and 38.4% need to improve. More specifically, 41.1% of male students and 30.6% of female students need to improve their oral hygiene condition. Conclusions: The study results suggest that School Dental health programs increase and need to be community-incorporated and comprehensive from elementary to high school.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and daily intake of nutrients in college students. This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionaire. The average heights and weights were 173.5 cm and 72.3 kg of male students and 161.8 cm and 57.2 kg of female students. The average of BMI was $24.2kg/m^2$ of male and $21.9kg/m^2$ of female, and the value of male students was higher than the value of female students. The response to the daily meals was 54.6% for '$2{\sim}3$ times/week'. The regularity of mealtime was 41.7% for irregular and the frequency eating after nine was 45.7% for '5-6 times/week', respectively. The repast was 72.2% for 'overeating and little eating' and was a significant difference of male and female students (p<0.05). The eating rate was higher '$10{\sim}20min$'. As for breakfast food eaten, skipping breakfast was 23.6% for 'no/week' and female students were higher than male students (p<0.05). The frequency of snacks was 36.0% for 'nothing' of males students and 34.8% for '3-4 times/week' of female students (p<0.05). The type of snack was a significant difference of males and females students (p<0.01), and was the highest 75.0% for carbonated drinks of males and 37.5% for snacks of females. The eating due to stress solution was a significant difference of male and female students (p<0.01), and was the highest 23.0% for 'frequency' of males and 44.7% for 'sometime' of females. As for food intake of male and female students, the meat intake was 66.7% for 'everything of male and female students. The fish intake was 68.1 % for '1-2times/week'. The milk, milk products, eggs and beans were each 40.3%, 58.3%, 56.9%, 47.2% for '1-2 times/week' (p<0.05). The fat intake was 55.6% for '$1{\sim}2$ times/week'. The average consumption of energy was 58% of male and 67% of female of estimated energy requirement (EER). Their mean ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 57 : 15 : 28 of all subjects. The mean intakes of vitamin C and folic acid were 70% and 51% of males and 62% and 52% of females of recommended intake (RI). The mean intakes of Ca, P, Fe and Na were 71%, 140%, 146% of males and 72%, 122%, 76% of female of RI and 273% of males and 233% of females of adequate intake (AI). Therefore, nutritional education is necessary for college students to establish physicall and mentall optimal health conditions though nutritional intervention.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2013

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea has been increasing in adults, as well as in adolescents. Recently the prevalence of MetS in children has been reported to strongly link that of MetS in parents. Families are known to share similar food environment so that eating habits of parents closely resemble that of the children's. Therefore, the aim of this study to examine metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in children by with respect to mother's metabolic syndrome, based on the data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2010. Using the household variable and the eldest child per household, 1,341 pairs of mothers and children were selected. The mothers were defined by MetS criteria, and then the children were classified into the following three groups in accordance to the mothers' MetS; children whose mothers had none, 1-2, and 3 or more components of MetS. All dietary data were evaluated using the data from a food frequency questionnaire. The mean age was $42.6{\pm}4.2$ years for the mothers, and $14.9{\pm}2.0$ years for the children. Children whose mothers had 3 or more components of MetS showed a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and higher level of fasting triglyceride; conversely, they showed a lower level of serum HDL-cholesterol compared to the other two groups. Regarding an agreement of food consumption between the mothers and children, most food groups showed high agreement, except in the category of beverages. Regarding the dietary habits and family meals, children whose mothers had 3 or more components of MetS were more likely to skip breakfast and less likely to have family meals at breakfast or snack. In conclusion, the children's metabolic risk factors and dietary factors were different with respect to the status of mothers' MetS. Further studies are necessary to examine the causal effect of family environment in children's health status.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.337-349
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between eating behaviour and healthy dietary competency of single and multi-person households, to improve healthy eating behavior. Methods: This study was conducted on 6,355 adult household members who participated in the Food Consumption Behavior Survey 2020. The subjects were divided into age groups comprising young people in their 20s and 30s, middle-aged people in their 40s and 50s, and the elderly in their 60s and above. The eating behavior and healthy dietary competency of single-person and multi-person households were then analyzed. Results: The average age of the members in the single-person households was found to be higher. Single-person households were also found to have a lower marriage rate and lower monthly household income than multi-person households across the age groups of young, middle-aged, and elderly people (P < 0.05). Among each of the age groups, single-person households had significantly higher rates of skipping breakfast and eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner alone than multi-person households (P < 0.05). Young single-person households had lower average scores on healthy dietary competency than multi-person households (P = 0.032). When adjusted for age, gender, marriage, education, occupation, and household income, single-person households had a higher risk of delivery/take-out, eating out, or skipping meals compared to multi-person households (P < 0.05). In multi-person households, the risk of skipping meals, eating alone, eating out, or delivery/take-out decreased as healthy dietary competency improved (P < 0.05). On the other hand, in single-person households, as healthy dietary competency increased, the risk of delivery/take-out or eating alone decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that healthy dietary competency and eating practices can be improved by providing customized dietary education by age group for single and multi-person households.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1976

This study was designed to find out passible correlations between the growth rate and daily food intakes of two hundreds E and Y kindergarden children in Seoul, Korea. The subjects adapted in this study were 5-year-old boys and girls and their physical growth index was calculated by means of body weight and height. Dietary survey was performed by recording all the foods taken at daily basis for six days. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Living circumstances of the subjects. a) In most cases, subjects had two to three brothers and sisters. b) About 39% of boys were brought up by cow's milk and 34%, by mined nourishment with mother's milk and cow's milk, while approximately 40% of the girls were brought up by mother's milk and 37%, by mixed one. Of the whole subjects, 70% were weaned at the age of $7{\sim}18$ months. c) Fruit juices were introduced to children at about 3 months old in 40% of the subjects. d) Approximately 60% of the children had their meals regularly and the rest of the subjects had irregularlity in their meal, mainly because of excess consumption of snacks. e) About $20{\sim}40%$ of total income of sampled families were spent for foods. f) The most favorate main dish was steamed rice, other favorate foods were beef and pickled cabages for boys, and ham and dried laver for girls. The least favorate foods for both sexes were oyster, shellfish and various vegetabes. Fruits, juice, milk, and ice cream are more popular snacks among children. 2. Nutrition survey a) Insufficient caloric intakes were shown in both sexes, comprising 90% of daily recommended dietary allowences for boys and only 75% for girls. Iron intake was strikengly low, reaching only 62% of R.D.A. for boys and 72% for girls. b) The total caloric intake was composed of CHO 62%, protein 18%, and fat 21% respectively. c) The consumption of animal protein comprises 55% of total protein intake. d) The cereal consumption was found to be the highest at the level of 43%. e) When the total caloric intake was divided into each meal and snack, snack took the highest part in any other meal. Each figure showed as follow; breakfast 21%, lunch 27%, supper 22% and Snack 30% for boys, and 23%, 22%, 25% and 30% for girls, respectively. 3. The result of statistical analysis. a) There was a significant relationship between the growth rate and the caloric intake of the subjects at the level of 0.050.01.