• Title/Summary/Keyword: Breakfast consumption

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Association between Regular Breakfast and Sleep-related Factors in Korean Adolescents (청소년의 규칙적 아침식사를 위한 수면 관련 요인 분석)

  • Cho, Yoon Jeong;Hwang, Jun Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Breakfast is the most important meal to provide energy for the day. Breakfast is especially important to give enough nutritional support to children and adolescents for their physical growth and sexual development. Sleep-related factors like average sleep duration and wake up time would mostly be associated with regular breakfast. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep on regular breakfast consumption in Korean adolescents. Methods: The study used the data from the 12th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS-XII) conducted in 2016 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data of 62,820 subjects (middle/high school students) were included in the final analysis. The study examined the factors related to regular breakfast, focusing on weekday average sleep duration and wake up time of middle school students and high school students, respectively. Results: Regular breakfast consumption was shown to have a statistically significant association with high economic status, nutritional education, weekday average sleep duration, wake up time, and subjective sleep satisfaction in the multivariate logistic regression. Regardless of the school level, regular breakfast consumption was significantly associated with early wake up time. As to the effect of weekday average sleep duration on regular breakfast consumption, it showed some different results depending on the school level. Conclusion: Regular breakfast consumption of Korean adolescents was related to weekday average sleep duration and wake up time. Having breakfast regularly was affected by both adequate weekday average sleep duration and early wake up time.

Rice Preference Differences in Subjects Taking Breakfast Regularly and Skipping Breakfast in Kyeonggi-do Residence (아침식사 여부에 따른 쌀음식 섭취 형태 및 선택 - 경기지역 아침출근자를 중심으로 -)

  • 최미용;박동연;이승교
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.547-555
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    • 2003
  • Carbohydrate intake is decreasing along with the reduction of rice consumption among the Korean population. There is an increasing trend of diet-related degenerative diseases with the increased consumption of animal food, and therefore, the increase of animal food intake can be considered as one of causes of the diet-related disease. The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in rice preference and breakfast patterns between the subjects have breakfast regularly and those skipping it. One thousand participants were selected by the stratified sample method from the primary, middle, high school and college, and company workers from 24 cities of Kyeonggi-do. The interviewing procedure was carried by regional home extension workers. Approximately half participants (49.9%) were under the age of 20. Although 86% of the subjects considered eating breakfast good for health. only 46.4% of the subjects had breakfast regularly (HB). The rest of them skipped breakfast (SB) more than twice a week. The proportion of subjects hiving no breakfast were 9.3% of male and 12.2% of female subjects. The main reason for not having breakfast was due to the limited time. For their breakfast 85% of the HB ate boiled rice with the side dishes. More subjects in SB (27.8%) preferred the boiled rice with various grains for breakfast than those of HB (21.8%). The subjects in HB (65.5%) preferred boiled plein rice more than those of SB (56.9%). In cases they must have breakfast, 47.7% of the subjects wanted rice with the side dishes,24.2% preferred rice ball or rice roll with laver, 10.5% preferred a rice beverage. More subjects in HB (59.8%) wanted rice with side dishes than those in SB (36.9%). It was found out that selecting rice at the breakfast is still the main choice. Diverse ready-to-eat rice menus have to be developed to increase the rice consumption, specially to increase breakfast eating frequencies of SB through saving time and effort. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 547∼555, 2003)

Short-term impact of sugar consumption on hunger and ad libitum food intake in young women

  • Penaforte, Fernanda R.O.;Japur, Camila C.;Pigatto, Leticia P.;Chiarello, Paula G.;Diez-Garcia, Rosa W.
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.77-81
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    • 2013
  • The hypothesis of this study was that greater sugar consumption at breakfast promotes a stronger sensation of hunger and a later increase in energy consumption. The objective was to assess the relation between sugar consumption in a meal and the subsequent sensations of hunger and ad libitum food consumption. Sixteen women consumed a breakfast accompanied by 2 drinks sweetened ad libitum with sugar. After 3 h, a lunch was offered to evaluate ad libitum food consumption. During the period from breakfast to lunch, hunger sensations were evaluated at 30 min intervals. Women were divided according to the median amount of sugar used to sweeten the breakfast drinks (20 g). The group who consumed sugar above the median showed a greater hunger sensation in the preprandial period, and a greater ad libitum intake at lunch ($390{\pm}130g{\times}256{\pm}67g$, P = 0.002), compared to the group who had a lower sugar consumption. The amount of sugar consumed at breakfast was correlated positively with the sensation of preprandial hunger and food intake at lunch. We concluded that foods with a high glycemic index can modulate the appetite within a short period of time.

Assessment of Skipping Breakfast among Korean Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years Using Various Alternate Definitions (다양한 기준으로 평가한 초중고 학생의 아침결식률)

  • Choe, Jeong-Sook;Kim, Yang-Sook;Park, Young-Hee;Kim, Hang-Ran;Kwon, Sung-Ok
    • The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.101-111
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    • 2008
  • Even though eating breakfast is an important factor in health and nutrition, especially during growth stages, skipping breakfast in children and adolescents has increased. An important issue to consider in skipping breakfast is the definition of an adequate or substantial breakfast. To examine what constitutes an adequate breakfast in Korean students, we analyzed breakfast consumption of children and adolescents using alternate definitions of breakfast based on calorie contents and food items eaten in the morning. A total of 1344 participants aged 7-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS) 1998 and 1942 participants from the KNHNS 2001 were included. 84% of students surveyed in 1998 consumed some food, while in 2001; it was down to 79.8%. Students that ate a breakfast which included food from at least two of the main five food groups and had a breakfast intake of food energy greater than 15% of the DRIs were 65.8% in 1998 and 53.1% in 2001. However, when breakfast was defined as the consumption of food from three or more food groups and a intake of food energy greater than 15% of the DRIs, students eating breakfast were 51.2% in 1998 and 39.6% in 2001. As the definition of eating breakfast becomes stricter and includes more foods or more calories, the percentage of students who eat breakfast declines. These results show that using various alternate definitions allow us to assess skipping breakfast in better detail and suggest references for the desirable breakfast.

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The Breakfast Type and Rice Preference in students and workers living in Kyeonggi Province, Korea (경기지역 직장인과 학생의 아침식사형태와 쌀 음식의 섭취와 선호)

  • 최미용;박동연;이영희;이승교
    • The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.49-62
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    • 2003
  • Breakfast consumption is important for nutritional balance in all population groups. The objective of this study is to seek healthy Korean with continuous traditional breakfast consumption of rice. One thousand participants who go to work or school every morning were selected by stratified method and interviewed by regional home extension workers in 24 cities, Kyeonggi province, Korea. The questions included breakfast eating habits, perceived health status,and food preferences for breakfast. The students (70.5%) were composed with elementary (17.2%), middle school(15.7%), high school(16.5%), and university(21.l%)students. The rest 29.5% were workers. The recognized importance of eating breakfast was negatively correlated with the perceived health status. It means that lowering health status made them recognize the importance of breakfast. Workers had more boiled rice with side dishes for breakfast(58.6%) than students (40.2%). The reasons of selected items for breakfast were habit (28.5%), and health (14.6%). The propensity of convenience and preference was more frequent in male workers than male students. For breakfast, ready-to-eat food (rice-roll or rice ball, retort rice, and fast-food) preferred more in middle & high school students, but boiled rice with side dishes was preferred more in workers. Boiled rice with divers cereals was selected for main dish in workers, however boiled rice only in students if obliged. We suppose the problem in next decade would be skipped breakfast in regular attendance position. For breakfast with ready-to-eat rice or something to eat in short time, students and workers should be educated to those who are too busy to eat breakfast for the enhancement of human resources.

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Changes in Dietary Habits of Adults with Middle and Upper Income Levels in Seoul (서울대학교 중상류층 성인의 식습관 변화)

  • 장남수
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.547-558
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    • 1996
  • A rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization brings about a change in economic status which results in considerable changes in lifestyle including food habits and disease and mortality patterns. The purpose of the present study was to investigate recent food habit changes if any, reasons for food habit change, current food consumption patterns, and breakfast practices among urban adults with middle and upper income levels. Three hundred men and women, aged 20-60 years, were randomly selected and interviewed individually by trained interviewers. Among the twenty food groups studied, subjects reported that, compared to two years ago, they are now eating more fast foods, meats, fish, vegetables and fruits, and less rice, noodles, pastries, and salt. The changes in fast foods, fruits, and rice consumption patterns varied significantly between age, sex, income level, and BMI groups. The two most primary reasons for food habit changes were 'for my own health' and 'for my family's health', which shows that health seems to be the major concern in changing food habits. Among meals, the breakfast meal was rated as the most important one, and was not affected by the sociodemographic variables. However, the average rate of skipping breakfast was found to be as high as 33% with a greater rate in younger age groups. The rats of breakfast skipping was found to vary between different income, education, and BMI groups. Among the subjects who eat breakfast meals daily, a traditional Korean breakfast of rice and soup was found to be still a predominant choice, although younger age groups, upper income groups, and people with more education choice, although younger age groups, upper income groups, and people with more education tended to eat a western-style breakfast more frequently. These findings are applicable at the planning and implementation stages of various nutritional improvement projects as a part of the National health Promotion Law.

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Breakfast Consumption Pattern, Diet Quality and Health Outcomes in Adults from 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey (2001년 국민건강영양조사에 나타난 아침식사유형에 따른 식사의 질과 건강상태)

  • Shim, Jae-Eun;Paik, Hee-Young;Moon, Hyun-Kyung
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.451-462
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to investigate breakfast consumption pattern in relation to diet quality and health outcomes of Korean adults. Data are from 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary information of 3406 adults aged $30{\sim}49$ years and their socio-demographic characteristics, blood lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements were analyzed. According to the breakfast consumption of the subjects, they were classified to breakfast skippers and eaters and the eaters' breakfast staple types were defined as RICE, BREAD, NOODLES, MIXED (mixed types including several grain-based dishes), and OTHERS. The proportions of breakfast consumption patterns were 18.4% for skippers, 71.1% for RICE, 2.6% for BREAD, 1.6% for NOODLES, 4.0% for MIXED, and 2.4% for OTHERS. Breakfast skippers had lower daily nutrients intake than breakfast eaters but their health outcomes did not differ from those of eaters. Instead, men with BREAD pattern had higher blood cholesterol and women in NOODLE pattern had higher blood glucose and lower HDL cholesterol. The BREAD pattern breakfast had higher energy contribution from fat and lower nutrient densities and the subjects in BREAD pattern had higher level of household income. Men's BREAD pattern breakfast consisted more animal products than that of women. There was high probability of undernutrition among women in NOODLE pattern and their mean household income was the lowest. From these results, in Korea, breakfast staple types have different food patterns and there was need for developing healthy food patterns appropriate to each staple type. The breakfast consumption pattern had influences on nutrient adequacy of the diet and health outcomes and seemed to represent socio-economic status. These could be used in doing nutrition education in community.

Development and Evaluation of an Elementary School Nutrition Education Program to Prevent Breakfast Skipping (아침결식 예방을 위한 초등학교 영양교육 프로그램의 개발 및 평가)

  • Son, Hyeong-Gyeong;Lee, Yeon-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.740-749
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a nutrition education program to prevent breakfast skipping for elementary school children. Subjects were 102 5th grade students (51 boys, 51 girls) as the "education group" and 200 5th grade students (102 boys, 98 girls) as the "non-education group." The nutrition education program consisted of 4 lessons over an 8-week period. Teaching materials, including flash animation, panel, PowerPoint, and a bingo game, were developed for this education program. After education, there was significant increase in the percentage of students who had eaten breakfast every day, understood that breakfast has a great effect on health, and will eat breakfast every day in the education group compared to non-education group. Parents' positive behavior toward daily breakfast preparation and the percentage of parents who had their children eat breakfast every day increased significantly. The students of the education group responded positively to the questions of the benefit and importance of nutrition education. The flash animation received high marks, especially in terms of understanding of contents, content clarity, emphasis of the core content, delivery of necessary knowledge, and applicability of breakfast. This study shows the effectiveness of a 4-lesson nutrition education taught during an 8-week time period to induce changes in recognizing the importance of breakfast and in behavior toward breakfast consumption.

A Survey on Dietary Behaviors and Liquid Consumptions of University Students in Kongju of Chungnam Province in Korea (충남 공주지역 대학생의 식사행동 및 액체섭취실태 조사)

  • Kim, Sun-Hyo
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.327-337
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    • 2009
  • University students tend to have various dietary problems including undesirable dietary behaviors, inadequate intakes of nutrients and biased habits of liquid consumption. This study was conducted to find dietary behaviors (n = 357) by questionnaire survey and to examine dietary nutrient intakes (n = 60) and liquid consumption (n = 853) by food record method for 3-days among university students attended in K University of Chungnam province in Korea. Most subjects lived in the dormitory or self-boarding house, and they skipped breakfast most frequently and took breakfast most irregularly among three meals. Dietary mean intakes of energy, Ca, vitamin B2 and folate were lower than the KDRI (37-85%), and those of males were poorer than those of females. Ratios of energy intake among three meals and snacks were not distributed evenly, so the mean energy intake from snacks was higher and that from breakfast was lower than the ideal ratio, respectively. Daily mean consumption of liquid was 1,526.4 mL/d for males and 1,151.5 mL/d for females, and these intakes were more than the KDRI (1,300 mL/d for males and 1,100 mL/d for females). However, their sources of liquid consumption were not desirable because alcohol, soda, juice of fruit or vegetable and beverage mixed with fruit juice and/or vegetable juice were major sources of liquid as well as drinking water. These findings show that university students have poor dietary behaviors including frequent skipping of breakfast, irregularity of meals, inadequate intakes of nutrients and undesirable pattersirablliquid consumption including high portion of alcohol and soda as alliquid source, and these trends were stronger for males than for females. Therefore, we should endeavor to correct their meal problems id ated to dietary behaviors, nutrient intakes and liquid consumptions through nutrition education.

Effects of Skipping Breakfast on Nutrition Status, Fatigue Level, and Attention Level among Middle School Students in Gyunggi Province, Korea (아침 결식이 경기지역 남녀 중학생의 영양섭취상태, 피로자각도 및 주의집중력에 미치는 영향)

  • Yim, Kyeong Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.464-475
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    • 2014
  • Eating breakfast provides crucial nutrition for brain function and helps promote overall health. It is especially critical in growing adolescents, as it is known to form good eating habits and better study habits. This study investigated the effects of skipping breakfast on nutritional state, fatigue level, and attention level. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 on total of 828 adolescents composed of 414 boys and 414 girls. Students who ate breakfast never to twice per week were placed in the breakfast-skipper group while students who ate breakfast more than five times per week were included in the breakfast-eater group. Students performed a self-reported questionnaire on food behaviors, amount of food consumption, fatigue level, attention deficient hyperactivity disease (ADHD) level by Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scales, depression scale, and self-esteem level. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SAS program (version 9.1). A total of 135 boys (32.6%) and 138 girls (33.3%) were included in the breakfast-skipper group, whereas 241 boys (58.2%) and 223 girls (53.9%) were included in the breakfast-eater group. The breakfast-skipper group showed irregular food behaviors and lacked nutrients. Specifically, energy (p< .001), protein (p< .001), dietary fiber (p< .001), calcium (p< .01), vitamin A (p< .01), thiamin (p< .05), niacin (p< .001) levels in boy breakfast-skippers were statistically lower compared to boy breakfast-eaters. Intakes of all nutrients except fat in girl breakfast-skippers were statistically lower than in girl breakfast-eaters. Girl breakfast-skippers (41.3%) showed significantly higher fatigue risks compared to girl breakfast-eaters (21.5%). Low attention level was also observed only in girls in the breakfast-skipping group. Moreover, students in the breakfast-skipper group showed higher scores for depression and low self-esteem (p< .001). In conclusion, skipping breakfast has effects on young adolescents' nutrition, manifesting as high fatigue level and low attention level, especially in girls.