• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.167-170
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• 2011

Isolated hypoglossal nerve paresis due to mechanical compression from a vascular lesion is very rare. We present a case of a 32-year-old man who presented with spontaneous abrupt-onset dysarthria, swallowing difficulty and left-sided tongue atrophy. Brain computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem demonstrated an abnormal course of the left vertebral artery compressing the medulla oblongata at the exit zone of the hypoglossal rootlets that was relieved by microvascular decompression of the offending intracranial vertebral artery. This case supports the hypothesis that hypoglossal nerve palsy can be due to nerve stretching and compression by a pulsating normal vertebral artery. Microvascular decompression of the intracranial nerve and careful evaluation of the imaging studies can resolve unexpected isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.517-520
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• 2021

Innominate artery aneurysms are challenging for surgeons to treat because of the requirement for brain protection during surgery. In innominate artery aneurysms, the endovascular approach does not require cardiopulmonary bypass, but patients who can be treated using this approach are limited in number, and the long-term results of endovascular treatment are unclear. Here, we report our experience of successfully treating a patient with an innominate artery aneurysm using near-infrared spectroscopy without cardiopulmonary bypass support or hypothermic circulatory arrest.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1 s.37
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• pp.161-171
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of complex formula(CKRG) consisting of Panax ginseng Radix rubra Koreana. Ganoderma, Cinnamomi Cortex, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Laminariae Thallus on brain ischemia and injury such as KCN-induced brain injury, forced brain ischemia, pulmonary thrombosis. The results were summarized as follows: 1. CKRG extracts showed a decrease of the duration of KCN-induced coma and showcd an increase in life expectancy. 2. CKRG extracts showed a decrease of neurologic grade in hind limb but did not affect neurologic grades in fore limb. Also. CKRG extracts showed a significant decrease of brain ischemic area and edema in MCA occlusion, 3. CKRG extracts showed a protective effect on pulmonary thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine. These data suggested that CKRG extracts could be applied to the protection of brain ischemia and injury.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.218-223
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• 2002

This study compared the blood-brain barrier permeability of [$^3H$] taurine in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) and normal mouse with common carotid artery perfusion (CCAP) method and intravenous injection technique to establish a possible relation between aging and changes in tissue levels of taurine. The SAM strains show senescence acceleration and age-associated pathological phenotypes similar to geriatric disorders seen in humans. In the result of this experiments, the plasma clearance of [$^3H$]taurine in SAM was almost comparable with that of normal mice by intravenous injection technique, but the brain volume of distribution ($V_{D brain}$) of [$^3H$]taurine in SAM by CCAP method reduced by 85% compared with that in normal mice. These results suggest that aging may have an effect on the brain transport activity of taurine in disease state model animal.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of our study was to assess prevalence of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and associations between territorial acute infarction and IPH on magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) in patients with acute neurologic symptoms. Methods : 83 patients with suspected acute neurologic symptoms were evaluated with both brain diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and carotid MPRAGE sequences. Carotid plaque with high signal intensity on MPRAGE of >200% that of adjacent muscle was categorized as IPH. We analyzed the prevalence of IPH and its correlation with territorial acute infarction. Results : Of 166 arteries, 39 had a carotid artery plaque. Of these arteries, 26 had carotid artery stenosis less than 50%. In all carotid arteries, MR-depicted IPH was found in 7.2% (12/166). High-signal intensity on DWI was found in 17.5% (29/166). Combined lesion with ipsilateral high-signal intensity on DWI and IPH on carotid MPRAGE sequence was found in 6 lesions (6/166, 3.6%). Of patients with carotid artery plaque, MR-predicted IPH was found in 30.8% (12/39) and match lesions with high-signal intensity on DWI and MPRAGE was found in 15.4% (6/39). MR-predicted IPH was significantly higher prevalence in high-grade stenosis group (p=0.010). Relative risk between carotid MPRAGE-positive signal and ipsilateral high-signal intensity on DWI in arteries with carotid artery plaques was 6.8 (p=0.010). Conclusion : Carotid MPRAGE-positive signal in patients was associated with an increased risk of territorial acute infarction as detected objectively by brain DWI. The relative risk of stroke was increased in high-grade stenosis categories.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.526-531
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• 1993

Sixty-one consecutive patients with coronary artery bypass graft for myocardial revascularization were retrospectively reviewed to analyze various pattern of postoperative complication and death during hospital stay from Nov. 1988 to Oct. 1992. Fortytwo of the patients were male and nineteen female. The mean age was 56 and 51 years in male and female. Preoperative diagnosises were unstable angina in 14 of patients, stable angina in 28, postmyocardial infarction state in 15, and state of failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 4. 141 stenosed coronary arteries were bypassed with use of 20 pedicled internal mammary artery and 124 reversed saphenous vein grafts. Postoperative complications and perioperative death were as follows: 1. Of 61 patients undergoing operation, peri and postoperative over all complication occured in 15 patients [ 25% ]; newly developed myocardial infarction in 4, intractable cardiac arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation and frequent ventricular premature contraction in 3, bleeding from gastrointestinal tract in 2, persistent vegetative state as a sequele of brain hypoxia in 1, wound necrosis in 1, left hemidiaphragmatic palsy in 3 and poor blood flow through graft in 2. 2. Operative mortality was 8%[5 patients]. 3 out of these died in operating room; 1 patient by bleeding from rupture of calcified aortic wall, 1 by air embolism through left atrial vent catheter, 1 by low cardiac output syndrome. 2 patients died during hospital stay; 1 by acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiuple organ failure, 1 by brain death after delayed diagnosis of pericardial tamponade.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.345-360
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• 1996

Background and Purpose: To evaluate the blood flow velocity using doppler ultrasound of the carotid artery, vertebral artery, and basilar artery in stroke patients Material and Methods: To evaluate the blood flow, I measured the peak systolic velocity and mean velocity of the common carotid artery(CCA), internal carotid artery(ICA), external carotid artery (ECA). vertebral artery(VA), and basilar artery(BA) in 44 stroke patients and 15 healthy adults. To investigate the difference between ischemic stroke patients and normal healthy adults, I selected 44 ischemic stroke patients diagnosed by brain CT and brain MRI, and 15 healthy adults who did not have any symptoms of stroke, hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes melitus. Results: Peak velocity in normal adults was 50.6${\pm}$1.6cm/sec in the CCA, 67.2${\pm}$1.7cm/sec in the ICA, 62.5${\pm}$2.4cm/see in the ECA, 45.5${\pm}$1.9cm/sec VA. and 50.5${\pm}$3.5cm/sec in the BA. Mean velocity in normal adults was 26.9${\pm}$1.1cm/sec in the CCA, 43.7${\pm}$1.4cm/sec in the ICA, 26.7${\pm}$1.3cm/sec in the ECA. 31.6${\pm}$1.9cm/sec in the VA and 33.0${\pm}$2.6cm/sec in the BA. In this study, there was a significant increase in the velocity of ICA, ECA, and VA of ischemic stroke patients in comparison with normal healthy adults. And the blood flow velocity of this study in the CCA and ECA was different from other reported foreign values and the other known values in my country. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the blood flow velocity between ischemic stroke patients and normal healthy adults. And the blood flow velocity of this study was different from other reported foreign values and the other known values in my country. Therefore, it needs more detailed studies about old aged Korean and ischemic stroke patients than previous studies.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1995

To predict preoperatively the safety of permanent occlusion of an internal carotid artery with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) from an objective point of view, Twenty-four patients underwent balloon test occlusion (BTO) of the internal carotid arteries because of neck and skull base tumors. The authors assessed the uptake of both middle cerebral artery territories before and during BTO with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT using semiquantitative analysis method and compared the results with other factors(neurologic examination, arterial stump pressure and electroenceph-alogram). Nineteen patients had not experienced neurological deteriorating or any problem during BTO. Their comparative uptakes of the middle cerebral artery territories were 95 to 101% of the pre-BTO state. The remaining five patients showed severe neurologic symptoms such as transient hemiplegia and unconsciousness. Their comparative uptake of the middle cerebral artery territories were 77 to 85% of the pre-BTO state, and were well matched with other factors. $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT before and during BTO seems to be a simple and objective method for prediction of permanent neurologic deficits when the comparative uptake of middle cerebral artery territories during BTO is lower than 85% of that before BTO.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 2005

A 43-year-old woman was admitted with the chief complaint of progressive visual disturbance and her brain radiological studies disclosed well demarcated tumor at tuberculum sellae area and bilateral mirror image paraclinoid internal carotid artery saccular aneurysms. A larger left side aneurysm was pointing medialy and almost encased by the tumor. Although a brain tumor and intracranial aneurysm can be simultaneously treated by surgery, the high risk of intra-operative aneurysm rupture should be considered. Therefore, the author secondly performed tumor resection after the endovascular embolization of the aneurysm which was embedding the tumor using a Guglielmi detachable coil. After successful treatment of the patient with tuberculum sellae meningioma associated with bilateral mirror image paraclinoid aneurysms using endovascular and surgical techniques, the authors present the case with a review of the related literatures.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.411-413
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• 2007

We report on a diabetic 52-year-old man who complained ocular floating sensation, headache and dizziness, in whom a left parieto-occipital dural ateriovenous fistulas [DAVFs], fed by bilateral superficial temporal arteries and occipital artery, drained into the cortical vein of the left parieto-occipital convexity. Because the patient's chief complaint was ocular symptom for diabetic retinopathy, we initially didn't consider an DAVFs until brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] was done. Diffusion-weighted brain MRI revealed acute cerebral infarction and microhemorrhage in the lesion. Transarterial embolization with mixture of glue and lipiodol obliterated the DAVFs completely. Although the DAVFs fed by multi-arteries, the fistulous portion has been disappeared after embolization via an only left occipital artery Endovascular embolization of the fistula led to symptomatic improvement, except ocular discomfort.