• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study aims to evaluate the performance of interlocking block pavement system for low speed highway. METHODS : Through on-site monitoring, environmental impact assessment of interlocking block pavement such as heat island reduction, traffic safety, noise pollution were evaluated as compared with asphalt pavement. Also the pavement condition and roughness were evaluated according to performance period. RESULTS : Surface temperature of interlocking block pavement was about 7 degree lower than asphalt pavement in midsummer. Compared to asphalt pavement, vehicle speed reduction effect of interlocking block pavement was about 2kph. For low speed driving, the noise pollution was measured at a similar level for both asphalt and interlocking block pavement. After 42month service period, the breakage of block was only 0.24% for the whole surveyed area. IRI of interlock block pavement was estimated within the range of 5~8m/km. CONCLUSIONS : Depending on the performance monitoring results such as heat island reduction, providing traffic safety and keeping a good pavement condition for a long service period, it assures that interlocking block pavement was applicable for low speed road.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.259-266
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• 2008

Recently, the maintenance period of sidewalk pavement proposed in Ministry of Construction & Transportation to be extended by more than 10 years. Therefore it takes many interests in Durability and the maintenance. Beside sidewalk pavement, block pavement happened problems in parking and road less than 20km/hr about bearing capacity and durability, the maintenance. It interests about importance of environmentally friendly sidewalk pavement. It compared engineering characteristics about strength and durability through general pavement comparison with stone block pavement. It estimate bearing capacity in actual si-tu site and test site. It experimented plate bearing test and field density test. It verified about durability of pavement by construction availability of geosynthetics that is constructed by purpose of filter. Stone block pavement evaluated about application of sidewalk/road pavement on the basis of result.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.75-80
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• 2017

Permeable block pavement systems are widely used to relieve the flood and enhance water circulation. However, domestic design method has not yet been established well. Although AASHTO 93 flexible pavement design method is applied as a structural design method outside the country, there is a lack of information on layer coefficient of the permeable pavement materials, which makes it difficult to apply the design to various materials. Therefore, in this study, a method of calculating the layer coefficient of permeable block pavement materials by plate load test was presented and the layer coefficient of a permeable block pavement in a testbed was evaluated. Overall, calculated layer coefficient of open graded aggregate and permeable block pavement surface layer were similar to those of the conventional values. The presented method may be used to evaluate layer coefficients of permeable block pavements for design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

This study aims to measure and to analyze the thermal environment characteristics of the various permeable pavement materials such as grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK PARK), stone and grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK STEP), stone pavement (GREEN BLOCK MOSAIC) and wood pavement (WOOD BLOCK) under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, changes of the temperature on each pavement layer, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 5, 2005, $34.0^{\circ}C$) of the you. Some of main findings are: 1) The heat environment was worse on the wood pavements than on the stone pavement. This is mainly due to the low albedo of the wood pavements (0.37) while the albedo value of stone pavements is 0.41. Small heat capacity of the wood pavements also contributes to this difference. 2) The heat environment was worse on the stone pavements than on the turf pavements. This was mainly due to the evapotranspiration of the plant growth layer of the turf pavements. 3) The peak surface temperature was the highest on the wood pavements ($56.1^{\circ}C$). The peak surface temperatures on the stone pavements, the stone-grass pavements and the grass pavements were $43.1^{\circ}C,\;40.1^{\circ}C\;and\;37.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2012

Most of the roads are paved with impermeable materials such as asphalt concrete and cement concrete, and in the event of heavy rainfall, rainwater directly flows into river through a drainage hole on the pavement surface. This large quantity of rainwater directly spilled into the river frequently leads to the flooding of urban streams, damaging lowlands and the lower reaches of a river. In recent years there has been a great deal of ongoing research concerning water permeability and drainage in pavements. Accordingly, in this research, a porous polymer concrete was developed for permeable pavement by using unsaturated polyester resin as a binder, recycled aggregate as coarse aggregate, fly ash and blast furnace slag as filler, and its physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Also, 3 types of permeable polymer block by optimum mix design were developed and rainfall runoff reduction effects by permeability pavement using permeable polymer block were analyzed based on hydraulic experimental model. The infiltration volume, infiltration ratio, runoff initial time and runoff volume in permeability pavement with permeable polymer block of $300{\times}300{\times}80$ mm were evaluated for 50, 100 and 200mm/hr rainfall intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.97-109
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• 2012

In this study this writer carried out survey and analysis on paving materials of children's playground for 40 apartment buildings with each of such apartment containing 100 households or more and which were built within last 15 years in Jeonju. As a result of analysis of such questionnaires this author could draw following conclusion. In the second half of 1990s pavement materials which were used mainly were sand and during first half of 2000s they were mixture of sand and rubber block and around 2010 they were rubber block or rubber chip pavements. Such change seemed to be a result of consideration of convenience for management and safety rather than in deference to diversity of children's outing places. Survey on the current status of pavement materials revealed need for directives by the main entity for management and their firm resolve for its implementation. And there was need for their coping with problems such as pressure of treading or lack of it or poor condition of drainage in case of sand and phenomena of pitting or dipping down, discoloring and poor drainage in case of rubber chips and rubber blocks and loosening of gaps between rubber blocks etc. Result of analysing status of usage disclosed that 50.4% of the respondents to questionnaires stated that they had experience of accidents. With regard to cause of such accident it was found that 47.5% of accidents were attributable to play facilities and 19.5% were due to paving (floor) materials thus it was disclosed that not only play facilities but also pavement materials had impact on safety for the children. Result of analysing level of satisfaction with pavement materials showed that pavement by rubber chips and blocks had higher level of satisfaction which was reflection of fear on cleanness of sand. In terms of preference rubber chip and rubber block pavements were highest and the next one was sand. Reason for such preference was based on concern with safety.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of block pavements using multi-load level falling weight deflectometer (FWD) deflections. METHODS : Recently, block pavements are employed not only in sidewalks, but also in roadways. For the application of block pavements in roadways, the structural capacities of subbase and subgrade are important factors that support the carry traffic load. Multi-load level FWD testing was conducted on block pavements to analyze their nonlinear behavior. The deflection ratio due to the increase in load was analyzed to estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. Finite element method with nonlinear soil model was applied to simulate the actual nonlinear behavior of the block pavement under different levels of load. RESULTS : The results of the FWD testing show that the center deflections in block pavements are approximately ten times greater than that in asphalt pavements. The deflection ratios of the block pavement due to the increase in the load range from 1.2 to 1.5, indicating that the deflection increased by 20~50%. The material coefficients of the nonlinear soil model were determined by comparing the measured deflections with the predicted deflections using the finite element method. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the nonlinear behavior of block pavements was reviewed using multi-load level FWD testing. The deflection ratio proposed in this study can estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. The use of nonlinear soil model in subbase and subgrade increases the accuracy of predicting deflections in finite element method.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2024

Ports often suffer pavement damage due to soft ground and heavy equipment operations, leading to issues such as differential settlement and cracks. In this study, we developed port concrete blocks and applied them to a port in two configurations to figure out settlement characteristics. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests on asphalt pavement and block pavements were conducted to figure out deflection and bearing capacity. The block pavement with the cement treated base showed improved bearing capacity with the port operation since lower settlements were detected than asphalt pavement. In the cement treated base, the relative deflection ratio to asphalt concrete pavement was less than 1, indicating enhanced bearing capacity. LiDAR measurements identified multiple settlements in the crushed-stone base due to surface loads after construction. Both relative deflection ratio and LiDAR measurements suggested that block pavement can be widely applied to various port sites with its applicability and bearing capacity of cement-treated base.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2023

The increase of impermeable area ratio is causing hydrologic cycle problems in urban areas and groundwater depletion in rural areas, permeable pavements are getting attention to expand permeable areas. The performance of the permeable concrete block pavement, which is part of the permeable pavement, is greatly affected by the porosity. In addition, the permeability coefficient is a major factor when designing permeable concrete block pavement. Existing porosity and permeability test methods have problems such as uneconomical or poor field applicability. The object of this study was to develop a methodology for evaluating porosity and permeability coefficient using a surface image of a permeable concrete block. Specimens are manufactured with various porosity ranges and porosity and permeability tests are performed. After surface image preprocessing, normalization and binarization methods were compared. Through this, the method with the highest correlation with the lab test result was determined. From the results, the PDR (pore determined ratio) was obtained. Simple linear regression analysis is performed with PDR and lab test results. The results showed a high correlation of R² more than 0.8, and the errors were also low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of defects according to the type of block and spatial type by quantitatively examining defects occurring in block pavement in apartment complex. According to the research results, depending on the type of block, defects have occurred 1,394.3ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 464.8ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, and 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks. By space type, the defects were occurred 1,576.0ea/100㎡ on the access road paved by interlocking paver blocks and the defects were found 1,139.6ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks, and 797.1ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, on the sidewalk. Also the defects are occurred 455.6ea/100㎡ on the resting space and 403.2ea/100㎡ on the gym space paved by clay brick paver blocks. Through the size analysis of the defects in the block paver, in the case 'peeling', the largest volume of 2,539.0㎣ on the sidewalk paved with shot blasted paver blocks, and 'Subsidence' occurred at the widest area of 2,096.0㎠ on the sidewalk where interlocking paver block was constructed. The difference in defect occurrence according to the type of block is considered to be influenced by the block production process, and the space type is considered to be caused the difference in the occurrence of defects according to the cause of construction and the usage pattern of residents. This study conducted a survey on defects in block and analyzed the defect characteristic according to paver material and space type. Base on this, it is judged that it can be used as an efficient basic data for material replacement, improvement, paver planning and construction in the future.