• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2018

Internal detonation of a warhead inside a compartment of naval vessel can result in serious blast damages including plastic deformation and rupture of the structural members especially bulkhead due to the huge explosive impact pressure, fragments and high temperature flame. To secure watertight integrity and to prevent the domino-type flooding of neighbouring compartments caused by the rupture of bulkheads, it is necessary to develop the structural design technology of Blast Hardened Bulkheads(BHB) which can resist the blast impact pressure of threatening weapons to increase the survivability of naval vessels. This study dealt with the simplified structural response analysis of BHB under impact pressure of confined explosion and aimed to develop the efficient and rational design method of BHB and joint structures which can be applied at initial design stage. The present 1st report dealt with the phenomena of explosive detonation surveying the preceding experimental/theoretical research and the characteristics of time history of blast pressure including the peak value and duration time were examined. And to predict the large plastic deformation behaviors of BHB by the huge blast pressure reasonably, the plastic hinge method including the membrane effects was formulated. It was applied to the simplified structural design equations. The following report will deal with the application and adjustment process of the structural scantling equations to the actual BHB design and verification of validity of them.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.471-486
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• 2014

The number of explosive attacks on civilian structures has recently increased. Protection of structure subjected to blast load remains quite sophisticated to predict. The use of the pyramid cover system (PCS) to strengthen sandwich structures against a blast terror has great interests from engineering experts in structural retrofitting. The sandwich steel structure performance under the impact of blast wave effect is highlighted. A 3-D numerical model is proposed to study the PCS layer to strengthen sandwich steel structures using finite element analysis (FEA). Hexagonal core sandwich (XCS) steel panels are used to study structural retrofitting using the PCS layer. Field blast test is conducted. The study presents a comparison between the results obtained by both the field blast test and the FEA to validate the accuracy of the 3-D finite element model. The effects are expressed in terms of displacement-time history of the sandwich steel panels and pressure-time history effect on the sandwich steel panels as the explosive wave propagates. The results obtained by the field blast test have a good agreement with those obtained by the numerical model. The PCS layer improves the sandwich steel panel performance under impact of detonating different TNT explosive charges.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

공기를 통해 이동하는 폭발파에 의한 압력 및 압력에 의해 지표 및 지하구조물에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 폭발의 충격이 구조물에 미치는 영향을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션하기 위해서는 시간과 거리에 따른 압력의 변화를 결정하여야 한다. 기존의 연구를 통해 압력의 변화와 관련되는 인자들을 추정하기 위한 여러 경험식들이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 최대압력, 양압지속기간, 임펄스, 최소음압, 음압지속기간, 폭발파 도착시간과 감쇠상수를 예측하는 경험식들을 조사 분석하였으며 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 Kingery 경험식과 다른 경험식에 의한 압력 변화를 비교하였다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

발파에 의한 암반손상영역을 평가하고 암반 파쇄도를 제어하기 위해서는 장약실 내 발생하는 폭발압력에 관한 정보는 중요하다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 철, 알루미늄, 아크릴 재질의 센서에 대한 낙추 충격 시험으로부터 동적 변형률 신호를 측정하여 센서의 동적 응답 특성을 분석하였다. 철재 센서의 경우 충격하중에 가장 적은 변형률 출력 값을 보였으며 센서길이에 대한 출력 값의 변화는 적게 나타났다. 철제 센서를 뇌관의 충격하중 측정에 적용하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권2호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2018

This study proposes an empirical formulation to predict the maximum deformation of offshore blast wall structure that is subjected to impact loading caused by hydrocarbon explosion. The blast wall model is assumed to be supported by a simply-supported boundary condition and corrugated panel is modelled. In total, 1,620 cases of LS-DYNA simulations were conducted to predict the maximum deformation of blast wall, and they were then used as input data for the development of the empirical formulation by regression analysis. Stainless steel was employed as materials and the strain rate effect was also taken into account. For the development of empirical formulation, a wide range of parametric studies were conducted by considering the main design parameters for corrugated panel, such as geometric properties (corrugation angle, breadth, height and thickness) and load profiles (peak pressure and time). In the case of the blast profile, idealised triangular shape is assumed. It is expected that the obtained empirical formulation will be useful for structural designers to predict maximum deformation of blast wall installed in offshore topside structures in the early design stage.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2018

This study showed the development process of structural design method of BHB(Blast Hardened Bulkhead) which are applicable in preliminary design stage. In the previous 1st report, the simplified structural scantling equations of BHB were formulated theoretically using the modified plastic hinge method supplemented by considering the membrane effects due to large plastic deformation. And the scantling methodology of plate thickness and section area of stiffeners of the curtain plate type BHB was dealt with. In the present 2nd report, derivation process of the correction factors which can adjust the developed scantling equations considering the uncertainties contained in the design parameters was introduced. Considering the actual BHB structures of 3 warship, the correction factors for the developed scantling equations for curtain plate type BHB were derived. Finally the applicability, validity of them and the strategy of future improvement were considered.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.587-600
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• 2018

Infill panel is the first element of a building subjected to blast loading activating its out-of-plane behavior. If the infill panel does not have enough ductility against the loading, it breaks and gets damaged before load transfer and energy dissipation. As steel infill panel has appropriate ductility before fracture, it can be used as an alternative to typical infill panels under blast loading. Also, it plays a pivotal role in maintaining sensitive main parts against blast loading. Concerning enough ductility of the infill panel out-of-plane behavior, the impact force enters the horizontal diaphragm and is distributed among the lateral elements. This article investigates the behavior of steel infill panels with different thicknesses and stiffeners. In order to precisely study steel infill panels, different ranges of blast loading are used and maximum displacement of steel infill under such various blast loading is studied. In this research, finite element analyses including geometric and material nonlinearities are used for optimization of the steel plate thickness and stiffener arrangement to obtain more efficient design for its better out-of-plane behavior. The results indicate that this type of infill with out-of-plane behavior shows a proper ductility especially in severe blast loadings. In the blasts with high intensity, maximum displacement of infill is more sensitive to change in the thickness of plate rather the change in number of stiffeners such that increasing the number of stiffeners and the plate thickness of infill panel would decrease energy dissipation by 20 and 77% respectively. The ductile behavior of steel infill panels shows that using infill panels with less thickness has more effect on energy dissipation. According to this study, the infill panel with 5 mm thickness works better if the criterion of steel infill panel design is the reduction of transmitted impulse to main structure. For example in steel infill panels with 5 stiffeners and blast loading with the reflected pressure of 375 kPa and duration of 50 milliseconds, the transmitted impulse has decreased from 41206 N.Sec in 20 mm infill to 37898 N.Sec in 5 mm infill panel.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.673-683
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• 2016

최근 전 세계적으로 발생하고 있는 각종 사고 및 테러공격 등으로 인한 폭발, 충돌, 화재 사고가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 특히, 2001년 미국 세계무역센터와 펜타곤에 발생한 9.11 테러사건 이후 사회적인 안전 불감증이 더욱 고조되고 있다. 또한, 2011년 일본 후쿠시마 원전사고로 인한 원전 격납건물 손상 시 발생할 수 있는 물리적, 환경적 위험성에 대한 사회적 불안감이 날로 커짐에 따라 원전격납건물, 가스탱크 등에 널리 사용되는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 극한하중 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2방향 비부착 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 패널 부재의 폭발저항성능을 분석하기 위하여 $1,400{\times}1,000{\times}300mm$의 철근콘크리트(RC), 프리스트레스 텐던으로만 보강된 콘크리트(PSC), 프리스트레스 텐던과 철근으로 보강된 콘크리트(PSRC) 시편을 제작하였다. 폭발하중은 ANFO 55 lbs 의 장약량을 1.0 m 이격거리로 적용하였으며, 측정하고자 하는 데이터는 초기 압력폭발하중 뿐 아니라, 반사압력, 충격량, 중앙부의 처짐, 가속도, 철근 및 콘크리트, 텐던의 변형률을 측정하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 향후 국내외 프리스트레스트 콘크리트에 대한 방호설계 및 폭발해석 등 관련 연구분야의 중요한 자료가 될 것이라 판단된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2014

Piper Alpha disaster drew attention to the damage likely to arise from explosions and fires on an offshore platform. And great concerns have been increased to prevent these hazards. Blast wall is one of the passive safety systems; it plays a key part of minimizing the consequences. However, a buckling due to explosion loads is a factor which can reduce the strength of blast wall. The buckling often occurs between web and flange at the center of blast wall. This study aims to find a solution for reinforcing its strength by installing a flat plate at the spot where the buckling occurs. First of all, ANSYS finite element method is adopted to numerically compute the structural resistance characteristic of blast wall by using a quasi-static approach. Sequentially, the impact response characteristics of blast wall are investigated the effect on thickness of flat plate by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Finally, pressure-impulse diagrams (P-I diagram) are presented to permit easy assessment of structural response characteristics of stiffened blast wall. In this study, effective use is made to increase structural intensity. of blast wall and acquired important insights have been documented.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2015

충돌 또는 폭발 하중 하의 콘크리트는 정적 하중에서 가지는 재료물성과 다른 거동을 보이게 된다. 즉, 고변형율 하의 콘크리트의 재료물성은 크게 변화하게 되며, 이를 시험평가하기 위한 방법 중 압축강도와 관련된 시험법으로는 SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) Test가 있다. 그러나, SHPB Test는 금속과 같은 인성재료를 위해 개발된 시험방법으로서 취성재료인 콘크리트에 적용이 가능한지에 대한 검토가 추가적으로 필요하며, UHPC와 같은 섬유보강 초고성능 콘크리트에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 시험체를 위해 제작된 SHPB Test 장비를 사용하여 일반 콘크리트 및 UHPC 시험체에 대한 시험평가를 수행하였으며, SHPB Test의 적용 적정성을 파악하기 위하여 초고속카메라를 활용한 변위영상 분석을 통한 검증을 수행하였다.