• 복식
• /
• 제37권
• /
• pp.231-252
• /
• 1998

Since the costume directly express human mental and emotional status, colors of costume can be valuable data to grasp the spirit of the times. Black is noticeably used in modern fashion and the study for black costume is very useful to understand modern fashion. There-fore the study mainly approaches the black costume, finding its background of appearance and symbolism, reviews the symbolism and formality of black expressed in the field of paint-ing and design beyond the fashion, and compar-es to fashion. The study result of the thesis is as follows ; First, black as a color is a one to light other neighboring colors, while it is a static, con-tractible and outstandigly attractived color. Second, black color traditionally symbolizes death, earth, air, North and inferior level and in the painting, it symbolized death, despair, fantastic world and the expression of pent-up self, while cities have been symbolized in the black printing in modern times. In the design, black has appeared with the industrial society, which symbolizes functionality and modernity. Third, black in the fashion design was symbolized death, sternness simplicity, modernity, sex, resistance and so on. Death became conspicious by a religious factor since the old times, sternness was influenced by Spanish fashion in the 16th century, simplicity by Dutch fashion in the 17th century and modernity by Baudelaire dandyism and Chanel little black dress, while sex and resistance were urged to the modern times by teenage inferior culture and stickiness to sex. Fourth, the formative features of black costume prefer simplicity, tightness and bareness in form, and in material, usually used glancing materials changed by the effect of light, lace, see-through fabric and matte one with depth. As a result, the black color is summarized to symbol death, expression of self and modernity. It is not a color of emotion but of mentality and artificial one against nature. Black color in fashion gets a strong power to express self in the symbolic aspect and draws a higher attention on human body than the fashion itself. By these features, black costume will be continuously prefered in spite of changes of the fashion.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 1964

In the treatment of mice Aureomycin, Oil penicillin, Achromycin, Ambrasynth and Terramycin were effective on the Black-leg disease when they were administered about 4 to 5 hours before the death of control animals. Synthomycetin, however, was observed to be effective when administered 8 hours or more before the control death. Streptomycin seemed to be rather less effective than Black leg antiserum. It was not effective at all when given 19 hours before the death of control animal although there was a delay of taking death by 5 hours in the treated group. As was in mice, Streptomycin was little effective in the treatment of calves, while other antibiotics showed fine efficacy on the diseased animals. The diseased animals, when given with anitibiotics 37 hours before the death of control showed the rise of temperature($41^{\circ}C$ or more), swelling and redness on the site of infection and then recovcred to normal stage. In the treatment of calves, Aureomycin only delayed the taking death of the deseased animals by 111 hours when administered 4 hours before the death of control animals. And other antibiotics, when given 4 hours before the death of control animals were effective, although the deseased animls developed symptoms such as hard breathing, anorexia and dropsical swellings. Oil penicillin was observed to be comparatively larger in its efficacy on the treatment of Black leg disease.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.276-285
• /
• 2017

북동아시아 페스트에 관한 연구는 활발히 진행되었으나, 연변지역의 방역에 관한 내용은 거의 언급되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 북동아시아 페스트 관련 연구자들의 연구 결과를 토대로 연변지역 지방사료들을 참고하고 당시 두만강유역(주로 현 연변지역) 폐페스트 예방조치와 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 특히 기존 문헌을 활용하여 사망수치에 대한 검증과 비록 제한적이지만 이 지역에 있었던 국제적 협력에 대해서도 고찰하고 페스트 역병방지에 있어 성과가 있게 된 원인을 분석하고자 한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of black rice extract (BRE) on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Methanolic extract from black rice was evaluated for the protective effect on TBHP-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. Several biomarkers that modulate cell survival and death including reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 activity, and related cellular kinases were determined. RESULTS: TBHP induced cell death and apoptosis by a rapid increase in ROS generation and caspase-3 activity. Moreover, TBHP-induced oxidative stress resulted in a transient ERK1/2 activation and a sustained increase of JNK1/2 activation. While, BRE pretreatment protects the cells against oxidative stress by reducing cell death, caspase-3 activity, and ROS generation and also by preventing ERKs deactivation and the prolonged JNKs activation. Moreover, pretreatment of BRE increased the activation of ERKs and Akt which are pro-survival signal proteins. However, this effect was blunted in the presence of ERKs and Akt inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that activation of ERKs and Akt pathway might be involved in the cytoprotective effect of BRE against oxidative stress. Our findings provide new insights into the cytoprotective effects and its possible mechanism of black rice against oxidative stress.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.205-220
• /
• 2006

This paper argues how Adrienne Kennedy embodies the features of a black woman's self-identity in Funnyhouse of a Negro. An educated young black woman, Sarah lives in a funnyhouse which is surrounded by mirrors. The reflections in the funnyhouse's mirrors are a metaphor of a black woman's life in America. Sarah's narrative is played out by four "selves," differing by sex and race. These selves imply her mixed cultural heritage. Two white women symbolize white European royalty, Jesus expresses christianity which is the basis of western culture and Lumumba represents Africa. Sarah's desire for whiteness is concentrated on skin color and hair. She longs for pallid skin and straight hair of the white race. Sarah wanted to be white, but her "tainted blood" by her black father made that impossible. Sarah is always obsessed by the fear of her father and the unhappy destiny of her mother. Ceaseless knocking, paralyzed images of lifelessness and surreal dreams effectively show her fear. Sarah's selves remain fragmented in the funnyhouse. Sarah exposures the black woman's anger and frustration through her death. Her death is a gesture of denial and refusal of the dominant society. At the same time, it was her last choice and struggle not to completely lose her own identity.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2020

바둑에서의 사활문제는 컴퓨터바둑을 구현하기 위해 극복되어야 하는 기본적인 문제이다. 그것을 해결하기 위한 중요 고려 사항은 흑백 대국자 간에 누가 둘러싸고 있고 또는 둘러싸여 있는지를 파악하는 것이다. 흑백 그룹간의 경계선을 알아내기 위해 세력함수와 외곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 여러 외곽선 추적 알고리즘 중에서 무어의 이웃 추적을 적용하면 경계선을 생성할 수 있음을 알아냈으며, 아울러 게임트리의 탐색공간을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있는 가능성을 제시했다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1291-1304
• /
• 2010

This study examined that the black dress is the one of having aesthetic value as well as symbolism while delivering specific image, from the perspective of color, which is essential element in forming design of the Stage Costume. This study carried out the theoretical research of centering on the literature consideration and the empirical research of centering on a case side by side. It analyzed the works and design based on the clothing, which had been performed in Korea with a revival version of Musical 'Chicago'. Aesthetic characteristics in more than two are being shown in one dress. If so, the following are the results that considered on aesthetics characteristics in black, which were shown in Stage Costume of Musical 'Chicago', which is increasing the theme consciousness through Stage Costume, which is simple and sexy black. First, as emotion of coming to stay in agony and sadness on the basic fact called death, the Stage Costume in black led to being shown sorrow of implying death, fear and murder. Second, the dignity, which corresponds to noble beauty in the aesthetic category, expresses dignity and elegance with flat material in black, and is revealed the aspect of expressing fashion, which emphasized spirit rather than body. Third, as the aesthetic characteristic of causing sexual desire, the sensuality was shown, which has the aspect of being expressed through exposure, concealment and emphasis. Fourth, it was expressed with androgyny, which evokes androgynous image. Fifth, black in Musical 'Chicago' formed the whole mood with a sense of weight by arranging the whole feeling with color in similar tone, thereby having been indicated the harmony of being formed with theme, which is aimed to be indicated in drama.

• 운동영양학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2019

[Purpose] Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that it is possible to prescribe exercise for neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, despite the availability of diverse scientific knowledge, the effects of exercise in this regard are still unclear. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate a substance, such as black chokeberry (Aronia melanocapa L.) that could improve the ability of the treatment and enhance the benefits of exercising in neurodegenerative diseases. [Methods] The cell viability was tested with 2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolim-5-carboxanilide and the cells were stained with ethidium homodimer-1 solution. The mRNA expression levels were evaluated by microarray. The active compounds of black chokeberry ethanolic extract (BCE) were analyzed by gas chromatography. The chemical shift analysis in the brain was performed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [Results] BCE treatment decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced L6 cell death and beta amyloid induced primary neuronal cell death. Furthermore, BCE treatment significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors, such as IL-1α, Cxcl13, IL36rn, Itgb2, Epha2, Slamf8, Itgb6, Kdm6b, Acvr1, Cd6, Adora3, Cd27, Gata3, Tnfrsf25, Cd40lg, Clec10a, and Slc11a1, in the primary neuronal cells. Next, we identified 16 active compounds from BCE, including D-mannitol. In vivo, BCE (administered orally at a dosage of 50 mg/kg) significantly regulated chemical shift in the brain. [Conclusion] Our findings suggest that BCE can serve as a candidate for neurodegenerative disease therapy owing to its cyto-protective and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, BCE treatment is expected to prevent damage to the muscles and neurons of the athletes who continue high intensity exercise. In future studies, it would be necessary to elucidate the effects of combined BCE intake and exercise.

• 복식
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the signification system between color and clothes systematically in black and white clothes. For this purpose, after examining the images of black and white clothes, we selected 55 clothes that represented as black and white and analyzed their meanings and the sources using semiotic framework, based on the work of Saussure and Barthes. The results as follows: First, the meaning in black and white clothes was generated from original color image. White clothes of religious person like Virgin Mary, Angel expressed pure and sacred color image. And black clothes like funeral dress expressed grief and death. Next, the meaning of black and white clothes was regenerated into modern color image by new environment. After industrial revolution, black was considered as a traditional men's fashion color. With diverse leisure activities, white sports wear appeared as active and clean image. Finally the source of the meaning of the clothes was the designer or the wearer. A little black dress by Chanel who was interested in simplicity and function represents an ideal of simple and sexy object. The situation is complicated by the fact that these three kinds of explanation may be found singly or mixed together.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.298-310
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was 1) to analize the female figures with potbelly in the nude of the 15th-l6th century, 2) to find out the historic event which made these figures appeared, and 3) to clarify the influence these figures on dress. The results were as follows: 1) There was a sudden decrease in population by the Black Death in the Middle of the fourth century, so supplement of labor was urgent demand at that imp. Childbirth was the only way of supplement of manpower. 2) Therefore, the figure of pregnant woman was regarded as the female figure ideal. The artists depicted this figure ideal in nude. 3) This female figure ideal changed the form of dress. Pillow, pad, and special undergarments were used to make potbelly.