• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2012

This research attempted to find possibilities of the practical use utilizing geospatial methods for the balanced promotion of sustainable coastal development and preservation through a case study of Jekyll Island, one of Georgia's barrier islands. In response, this research provided ways for practical use in sustainable development and preservation plans. First this research thoroughly investigated the 1996 master plan of Jekyll Island and tried to recalculate developed and undeveloped areas. Second, new estimations for developed areas were investigated through field survey. Third, this research proposed the use of the satellite images with different levels of spatial resolutions and tested different classification schemes to find possibilities for practical use. For these purposes, first, we classified developed and undeveloped features by manual digitization using an aerial photo image with 0.5m spatial resolution. Second, a Landsat 7 ETM+ and a QuickBird satellite images with mid- and high-levels of spatial resolutions were applied to identify developed and undeveloped areas using both the National Land Cover Data (NLCD) and the Coastal Change Analysis Program (CCAP) classification schemes. Also, GEOBIA (Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis) was conducted to accurately identify developed and undeveloped areas.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.145-151
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• 2017

Background: Conventional bird observation methods are line survey or point count method by bare eyes or through binoculars or telescopes. But in this study, the possibility of monitoring waterbirds using drones beyond the conventional research methods was explored. It also describes the direction of producing and accumulating images of waterbird habitats as a method to efficiently determine changes in waterbird habitats. Results: From the study, it was concluded that waterbird monitoring using drones was a new monitoring technique which could be applied to the field and 26 kinds of waterbirds were observed. In the case of a drone with a single lens, it was difficult to identify objects because the size of the subject was too small at a certain altitude. In this case, zoom lens can be an alternative. It has also been verified that image analysis software can be used to accumulate images of waterbird habitats. Conclusions: If various kinds of advanced drones and cameras are used, it would be possible to monitor larger areas including the areas that are difficult for human access and to observe more waterbirds and wider habitats.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 1996

This survey was conducted to investigate the situation of three types of laying hen houses and farmers' awareness of farm automation. Six windowless, three high-rising windowless and four open-sided laying hen houses were surveyed to compare their characteristics, and sixty farmers answered questionnaires. 1. Population density of laying hen was 13.9 birds/m^2$ in open-sided, 28.9 birds/m^2$ in high-rising windowless, and 44.9 birds/m^2$ in windowless laying hen houses. 2. Feeder space was $12{\sim}13.5cm$ in open-sided laying hen houses, but feeder space of windowless and high-rising hen houses was narrower than that of open-sided laying hen houses. 3. Thermal resistance values were $14.6{\sim}18.7\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$ in wall, #22.0{\sim}23.7\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$ in roof of windowless and high-rising windowless laying hen houses but the wall of open-sided laying hen houses was only $1.9\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$. 4. Maximum ventilation capacity was 0.161{\sim}0.326$ cmm/bird in summer. Minimum rate of tunnel Ventilation laying hen houses in winter was $0.013{\sim}0.040$ cmm/bird, but minimum rate of crossflow and high-rising windowless laying hen houses was larger than that of tunnel ventilation houses. 5. One person managed about 8,100 birds in open-sided, and about 23,500 birds in windowless and high-rising windowless laying hen houses. 7. 90.7% of farmers responsed that they want to construct automatized laying hen houses in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.593-607
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• 2012

The Ministry of Environment have started the 'National Ecosystem Survey' since 1986. It has been carried out nationwide every ten years as the largest survey project in Korea. The second one and the third one produced the GIS-based inventory of species. Three survey methods were different from each other. There were few studies for species distribution using national survey data in Korea. The purposes of this study are to test species distribution models for finding the most suitable modeling methods for the National Ecosystem Survey data and to investigate the modeling results according to survey methods and taxonominal group. Occurrence data of nine species were extracted from the National Ecosystem Survey by taxonomical group (plant, mammal, and bird). Plants are Korean winter hazel (Corylopsis coreana), Iris odaesanensis (Iris odaesanensis), and Berchemia (Berchemia berchemiaefolia). Mammals are Korean Goral (Nemorhaedus goral), Marten (Martes flavigula koreana), and Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis). Birds are Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), Eagle Owl (Bubo Bubo), and Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo). Environmental variables consisted of climate, topography, soil and vegetation structure. Two modeling methods (GAM, Maxent) were tested across nine species, and predictive species maps of target species were produced. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, Maxent showed similar 5 cross-validated AUC with GAM. Maxent is more useful model to develop than GAM because National Ecosystem Survey data has presence-only data. Therefore, Maxent is more useful species distribution model for National Ecosystem Survey data. Secondly, the modeling results between the second and third survey methods showed sometimes different because of each different surveying methods. Therefore, we need to combine two data for producing a reasonable result. Lastly, modeling result showed different predicted distribution pattern by taxonominal group. These results should be considered if we want to develop a species distribution model using the National Ecosystem Survey and apply it to a nationwide biodiversity research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.603-606
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• 2005

This study is to make good acoustic environment around Gwang-ju riverside and performed survey and measurement of soundscape. The survey was focused on the types of sound producing. The results of measurement and analysis are as follows: 1) The types of sound at reverside were twenty and the Leq(equivalent noise level) was ranging from 50 dB(A) to 76 dB(A). The dominant sound was road traffic noise. 2) In the upperstream and the downstream, the sound of wind, bird and water was observed. 3) In the inner city, the water sound was produced by the difference of the height of the weir to mask the road traffic noise.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect wildbirds in Chuwangsan National Park. The survey was carried out over two survey sections by the line transect method in spring, summer and autumn in 1994. Total number of observed birds were 42 species(33 species in spring, 32 species in summer, and 26 species in autumn), and the result was the same with the typical pattern of temperate bird communities. Total number of natural monument and rare birds were 7 species, which included Golden Eagle(Aquila chrysaetos), Chinese Sparrow Hawk(Accipter soloensis), Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo), etc. In breeding season, species richness was high in canopy nesting guild, and density(ea/ha) was high in hole nesting guild. Canopy foraging guild was dominated in spring and summer, ratio of bush(or ground) foraging guild was increased in autumn. Since the habitats of observed natural monuments and rare species were roughly overlapped with the nature preservation area, it is necessary to preserve the area completely and to investigate and protect these species continuously. For the protection of the bush(or ground) foraging guild, it needs to plant bushes around trails and to control users. Food plants, artificial food planting of bushs, and artificial nest are needed for the habituation of wildbirds, and as the damage of wild cats is increasing lately, it needs to control these cats.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect bird community in Sobaeksan National Park. The survey was carried over 3 main trail districts by line transect method to figure out influence factor of inhabitation of wild birds from February to October in 1992. The study results as follows: The observed birds were belong to 9 orders l2 families 58 species, they also have Sparrow Hawk dccipiter nisus, Kestrel Faleo tinnunculus(natural monument no. 323). Scops Owl I'otus scops(natural monument no. :324), Black Woodpecker Dryoaepus martius(natural monument no. 242. R). White-backed Woodpecker Dendroaepos leuotes(R) and Gray-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum(R). These birds a]so classified into 31 species for residents. 17 species for summer visitor, 6 species for winter visitor. 4 species for passage migrant, respectively. Species richness was 38 species at spry, 33 species at summer. 26 species at autumn and 22 species at winter. The density was 3.00 ea /ha at spring, 2.37 ea /ha at summer, 3.62 ea /ha at autumn and 2.88 ea /ha at winter. Breeding bird community in Sobaeksan National Park was dominated by Hole, Bush-nesting guild and Canopy-foraging guild. Natural vegetation of 900m altitude in 1st section and the grassy plain in 2nd section are to be protected absolutely for the habituation of wild birds. Species richness in 3rd section was higher than any other section owe to a various habitat such as valley. open lands, orchid, farm land and forest etc. Food plants and broad-leaved forest is to be managed for the provision of opulent food resources in autumn and winter, user is to be managed for the successful propagation of wild birds in spring and autumn.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2010

A bird is needed efficient conservation through habitat management, as the representative of an organism to evaluate the steady of complex ecosystem. So, this study will offer the useful basic data for preserving habitat from now on, as presenting a estimating model with the GIS program which selected factors effecting the habitat of a forest-dwelling bird in Changwon. As the resort of the survey, the number of forest-dwelling birds living in the 135 survey sites were 5 order, 15 family, 26 species and 922 individual. Also, as the result of making habitat analysis into a predict model, 'NDVI', 'Distance to valley', 'Distance to mixed forest' and 'Area of field' were significant and they had R-squares of 51.3%. Next, as the resort of researching the accuracy of Model, it was a reasonable prediction, as the correlation coefficient is 0.735 and MAPE is 20.7%, and a predict map of habitat was made with the model. This map could predict species diversity of no investigated areas and could be an useful basic data for preserving habitat, as an on-the-spot survey.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2015

We created species richness maps of mammals, birds and plants using "Nnational Ecosystem Survey" data and identified correlations between species richness maps of each taxa. We examine the distribution of species richness of each taxa and calculated conservation priority rank through plotting species-area curves using an additive benefit function in Zonation. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, plant showed high species richness in Gangwon province and Baekdudaegan, and mammals showed high species richness at eastern slope of Baekdudaegan in Gangwon province unusually and the species richness of mammals distributed equally except Gyeonggi and Chungnam province. However, birds showed high species richness in the west costal because the area is the major route of winter migratory birds. Second, correlation of each taxa's distribution is not significant. Correlation between mammals and birds is positive but correlations between birds and others are negative. Because mammals inhabit in forest but birds mostly live in coastal wetlands and rivers. Therefore, bird's habitats are not shared with other habitats. Third, the probability of mammals occurrence is very low under 25% in species-area curve, others increase proportionally to area. Birds increase dramatically richness at 10% because bird's habitat is concentrated in coastal wetlands and rivers. Plants increased gently species richness due to large forest in Gangwon province. We can calculate the predicted number of species in curves and plan various conservation strategies using the marginal number of species. Finally, high priority ranks for conservation distributed mainly in Gangwon province and Baekdudaegan. When we compared with priority map and terrestrial national parks, the parks were evaluated as high priority ranks. However, the rank of parks away from Baekdudaegan was low. This study has the meaning of selecting conservation priority area using National Ecosystem Survey. In spite of the omission of survey data in national parks and Baekdudaegan, the results were good. Therefore, the priority rank method using species distribution models is useful to selecting protected areas and improving conservation plans. However, it is needed to select protected areas considering various evaluation factors, such as rarity, connectivity, representativeness, focal species and so on because there is a limit to select protected area only using species richness.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.321-337
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• 2002

This study was carried out to draw up the planting plan of bridge type ecological corridor for animals migration at Hakgogae(ridge) destroyed by road construction in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It was conducted with two steps, survey and planting master plan. We surveyed the structure of topography, plant community, and animal habitat. We also selected the target species migrate ecological corridor and suggested a concept of each planting area, the planting species, and the planting density based on the analyzed data and finally drew up the planting plan. The structure of topography was a steep slope due to the mountain ridge destruction so the bridge type ecological corridor was could be applied in this study and we supposed that the animals migrate along the both edge of corridor. As the results of analyzed plant community structure in two sides, the dominant woody species, Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis were distributed on the bottom and the belly of a mountain, while Pinus densiflora community was distributed on the mountain ridge as edaphic climax. The similarity between Q. serrata -Q. mongolica -Q. variabilis community on the West of survey site and Q. serrata -Q. mongolica community on the East of survey site was high in 71.0 percentages. As the results of surveying birds and some mammalia, seven species and fifty-seven individuals of birds were founded in survey area, and two species and two individuals of rodents were founded. We selected birds and some mammals for the migration species that supposed to migrate ecological corridor in drawing up the planting plan. And then we divided the planting areas into bird corridor and habitat, and mammals corridor, also suggested the planting areas in detail as follows: community planting area of shrub at slope adjacent to the bridge exit as a buffer zone, screen planting area, community planting area of herb at steep slope connected with mountain areas, inducement planting area of the animals, community planting area for bird migration, community planting area for mammals migration, and community planting area for bird habitat. We selected the planting woody species which were the constancy ratio based on the analyzed data of plant community around mountain areas was high, and suggested the planting master plan each space.