• 제목/요약/키워드: Biogeochemical cycles

검색결과 35건 처리시간 0.028초

BIOGEOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF MICROORGANISMS IN MINERAL TRANSFORMATIONS: CONSEQUENCES FOR METAL AND NUTRIENT MOBILITY

  • Gadd, Geoffrey M.
    • 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국미생물생명공학회 2002년도 학술발표대회
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    • pp.39-61
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    • 2002
  • Bacteria and fungi are fundamental biotic components of natural biogeochemical cycles for metals and metalloids and play important roles in dissolution, precipitation, oxidation and reduction processes. Some processes catalyzed by microorganisms also have important applications in environmental biotechnology in the areas of ore leaching and bioremediation.

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Biogeochemical Activities of Microorganisms in Mineral Transformations: Consequences for Metal and Nutrient Mobility

  • Gadd, Geoffrey-M.;Burford, Euan-P.;Fomina, Marina
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.323-331
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    • 2003
  • Bacteria and fungi are fundamental biotic components of natural biogeochemical cycles for metals and metalloids, and play important roles in dissolution, precipitation, oxidation and reduction processes. Some processes catalyzed by microorganisms also have important applications in environmental biotechnology in the areas of ore leaching and bioremediation.

백악기 중기 해양 무산소 사건 2 동안의 생지화학적 순환 (Biogeochemical Cycles during the mid-Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2)

  • 주영지
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.569-578
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    • 2022
  • 백악기 중기, 세노마눔절-투로니아절에 발생한 해양 무산소 사건인 Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2)는 다량의 유기물을 포함한 흑색셰일이 전세계적으로 퇴적된 단기간의 탄소 순환 교란 사건이다. 백악기 후기의 온실 지구의 환경(높은 CO2농도, 고해수면, 해양의 무산소 환경 확장)은 탄소, 황 및 여타 주요 원소의 생지화학 순환의 교란과 밀접하게 상호 작용하였다. 1970년대 최초 명명 이후 동위원소를 포함한 화학적 지시자 연구가 활발하게 진행되었으며, 그 결과 화산 활동과 해양 표층의 유기물 생산 증가가 무산소 환경 발달의 주된 원인으로 여겨진다. 본 논평에서는 OAE2의 기작을 탄소 및 황, 미량 금속원소의 순환을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다.

동해 해수의 질소:인의 비 (Seawater N/P ratio of the East Sea)

  • 이동섭;노태근
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 2015
  • 해양에서 질소와 인은 해양의 주된 일차생산자인 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 제한하는 원소이다. 우연히도 대양 해수의 N/P 비는 16이란 상수를 보이며, 질산염과 아질산염의 몰농도를 인산염의 몰농도로 나눈 값으로 계산된다. 해양내부의 생태계 역학과 생지화학적 순환 이해에 아주 유용하게 쓰여왔다. 동해는 독자적인 해수연직순환 체제를 보유한 작은 대양의 특성을 가지고 있고 적절한 반응시간과 연구를 위한 접근성이 좋기 때문에 기후변화와 관련된 연구를 진행하기에 적합하고 N/P 비를 이용하여 기후변화에 관련된 환경변화에 관한 논문이 최근에 자주 발표되고 있다. 그런데 인용되는 N/P비는 논문마다 달라서 해석에 혼선을 빚기도 하므로 기존의 영양염 자료 가운데 자료의 품질에 대한 신뢰도가 높은 자료를 선별해서 동해 N/P비의 대표값을 찾아 보았다. 2000년도를 기준으로 동해 전체를 대상으로 계절적 수온약층 아래의 수심이 300 미터를 넘는 해수의 N/P는 $12.7{\pm}0.1$로 괄목할 만하게 좁은 범위로 나타났다. 향후 추가적인 연구를 통한 새로운 N/P 비 값이 제시되기 전까지는 본 연구에서 제시된 값이 사용되어 상이한 N/P 비로 인한 생지화학적인 순환과 생태계 반응에 대한 해석에서 혼선이 최소화 되기를 희망한다.

Potential of Argo Drifters for Estimating Biological Production within the Water Column

  • Son, Seung-Hyun;Boss, Emmanuel;Noh, Jae-Hoon
    • Ocean Science Journal
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.121-124
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    • 2006
  • Argo drifters provide information of the vertical structure in the water column and have a potential for the improvement of understanding phytoplankton primary production and biogeochemical cycles in combination with ocean color satellite data, which can obtain the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. Our examples show that using Argo drifters with satellite-measured horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass at the sea surface allow an improved understanding of the development of the spring bloom. The other possible uses of Argo drifter are discussed.

낙동강 하구 갯벌 사질 퇴적물에서 생지화학적 유기탄소순환 (Biogeochemical Organic Carbon Cycles in the Intertidal Sandy Sediment of Nakdong Estuary)

  • 이재성;박미옥;안순모;김성길;김성수;정래홍;박종수;진현국
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.349-358
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    • 2007
  • 투수성이 큰 낙동강 하구 사질 갯벌 퇴적물에서 유기탄소의 생지화학적 순환을 이해하기 위해 현장과 실험실에서 유기탄소 생산 및 소비에 대한 정보를 추정했다. 퇴적물 상부층의 Chl-a 농도와 공극수의 영양염 농도는 니질 퇴적물에 비해 낮았다. 반면, 사질 퇴적물의 산소소모율은 유기물 함량이 높은 연안 니질 퇴적물 보다 높아 이류에 의한 유기탄소의 분해와 물질의 이동이 큰 것을 의미했다. 간단한 유기탄소의 물질수지는 퇴적물에서 유기탄소의 주 공급원이 퇴적물 표층에 서식하는 저서미세조류와 수생식물의 쇄설성 유기물로 나타났다. 해수 여과율에 낙동강 전체 면적을 외삽한 일당 자연 생촉매 여과양은 부산시 7개 주요 하수종말처리장의 최대 처리량 보다 한 자리수 이상 크게 나타나 연안환경에서 사질퇴적물이 생지화학적 정화와 물질의 재분배에 매우 큰 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.

NDVI time series analysis over central China and Mongolia

  • Park, Youn-Young;Lee, Ga-Lam;Yeom, Jong-Min;Lee, Chang-Suk;Han, Kyung-Soo
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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    • pp.224-227
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    • 2008
  • Land cover and its changes, affecting multiple aspects of the environmental system such as energy balance, biogeochemical cycles, hydrological cycles and the climate system, are regarded as critical elements in global change studies. Especially in arid and semiarid regions, the observation of ecosystem that is sensitive to climate change can improve an understanding of the relationships between climate and ecosystem dynamics. The purpose of this research is analyzing the ecosystem surrounding the Gobi desert in North Asia quantitatively as well as qualitatively more concretely. We used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) sensor during 1999${\sim}$2007. Ecosystem monitoring of this area is necessary because it is a hot spot in global environment change. This study will allow predicting areas, which are prone to the rapid environmental change. Eight classes were classified and compare with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) global land cover. The time-series analysis was carried out for these 8 classes. Class-1 and -2 have least amplitude variation with low NDVI as barren areas, while other vegetated classes increase in May and decrease in October (maximum value occurs in July and August). Although the several classes have the similar features of NDVI time-series, we detected a slight difference of inter-annual variation among these classes.

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Importance of microbial diversity

  • Ahn, Tae-Seok
    • 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국동물학회 1995년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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    • pp.88-88
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    • 1995
  • Microorganism are centIal core to biosphere sm1ainablity and biogeochemical cycles on this earth. Most of food, medical and pabamceutical new materials through biotechnology are derived from many kinds of microorganisms. Microorganisms are important resources of biotechnology. Beside these, micorbial diversity is key to explore the frontiers of knowledge about the strategies and limits of life. Through the micorotganisms, we can monitor the environmental changes and conditions. Moreover, the microorganismsms play a role in conservation and restoration of higher plants and animals. And we can get a lot of ecological, evolutionary knowledges from microbial models. In spite of these importances, the microbial diversity is not properly evaluted because of their unculturablity. Only 0.001 - 3 % of total bacteria in natural habitats are cultumble and the rest are viable but uncultumble. Only 3,100 species are listed up in the Bergey's Manual. Considering the symbisis and estimated numbers of insect are more than 800,000, the symbiotic microorganisms are about 1,000,000 species. Recently, by using the genetic and molecular technics, the microbial diversity is now unveiled. In this symposium, the genetic, species and ecological diversity will be given. given.

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미역 (Undaria pinnatifida)의 생장에 따른 영양염과 CO2 흡수율 변화 (Variations in Nutrients and CO2 Uptake with Growth of Undaria pinnatifida from the South Coast of Korea)

  • 심정희;황재란;이재성;김종현;김성수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.679-686
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    • 2010
  • To investigate the contribution of macroalgae to biogeochemical nutrients and carbon cycles, we measured the uptake rates of nutrients and $CO_2$ by Undaria pinnatifida using an incubation method in an acrylic chamber. From January to March 2010, U. pinnatifida was sampled at Ilkwang, a well-known area of macroalgae culture in Korea. The initial and final concentrations of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and pH of the chamber water were measured, and production/uptake rates were calculated using concentration changes, chamber volume, and incubation time. The production rate of dissolved oxygen by U. pinnatifida (n = 32) was about $5.4{\pm}4.0\;{\mu}mol\;g_{fw}^{-1\;}h^{-1}$. The uptake rate of total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC), calculated by total alkalinity and pH, was $7.9{\pm}6.5\;{\mu}mol\;g_{fw}^{-1}\;h^{-1}$. Nutrients uptake averaged $141.7{\pm}119.2$ nmol N $g_{fw}^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ and $15.0{\pm}9.1$ nmol P $g_{fw}^{-1}\;h^{-1}$. A positive linear correlation ($r^2$ = 9.6) existed between the production rate of dissolved oxygen and the uptake rate of total dissolved inorganic carbon, suggesting that these two factors serve as good indicators of U. pinnatifida photosynthesis. The relationships between fresh weight and uptake rates of nutrients and $CO_2$ suggested that younger specimens (<~50 g fresh weight) are much more efficient at nutrients and $CO_2$ uptake than are specimens >50 g. The amount of carbon uptake by the total biomass of U. pinnatifida in Korea during the year of 2008 was about 0.001-0.002% of global ocean carbon uptake. Thus, more research should be focused on macroalgae-based biogeochemical cycles to evaluate the roles and contributions of macroalgae to the global carbon cycle.