• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2013

Mushrooms are ubiquitous in nature and have high nutritional attributes. They have demonstrated diverse biological effects and therefore have been used in treatments of various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, bacterial and viral infections, and ulcer. In particular, polysaccharides, including ${\beta}$-glucan, are considered as the major constituents responsible for the biological activity of mushrooms. Although an overwhelming number of reports have been published on the importance of polysaccharides as immunomodulating agents, not all of the healing properties found in these mushrooms could be fully accounted for. Recently, many research groups have begun investigations on biologically active small-molecular weight compounds in wild mushrooms. In this mini-review, both structural diversity and biological activities of novel bioactive substances from Korean native mushrooms are described.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2022

Since ancient times, plants have been a major source of novel drug molecules and have been used in the treatment of different infectious diseases. Secondary plant metabolites have miraculous healing properties and show potent therapeutic responses when used in combination drug therapy. The prime objective of this review is to summarize the concept of drug combination with special emphasis on the synergistic interactions between plant-derived bioactive phytochemicals with commercially available antimicrobial agents. The study also assesses the roles, importance, and applicability of phytochemicals in the management of different diseases. The review focuses on different aspects of combined antimicrobial activities, the possible mechanisms involved, and the current status of research in the field. The study was conducted based on an extensive literature survey that resulted in the following hypothesis: secondary metabolites derived from plants possess remarkable therapeutic activities. The study was designed as a systematic review that ensures unbiased and accurate representations of the relevant data and information. Jadad scale selection criteria were used for qualitative analysis of the articles to assess them based on the relevant secure score (minimum and maximum scores range between 1 and 5, respectively). Articles with secure scores > 3 were considered for the study. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using resource databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Research Gate, Scopus, Medline, and Science Direct up to June 2019. This article contains concise information about the most commonly used bioactive phytochemicals with potent antifungal and antibacterial effects.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2000

${\beta}$-Glucan a kind of polysaccharide which is particularly abundant in Agaricus blazei is known as the bioactive materials especially anticancer agents. The process development of the isolation and the purification process of water soluble ${\beta}$-glucans from A. blazei was achieved. and the process operation variables were optimized. Crude polysaccharides (CR.PS) were obtained from A. blazei by hot water extraction filtration solvent precipitation dialysis and freeze drying. Neutral and acidic fraction of polysaccharides were separated from crude polysaccharides by ion chromatography and then high molecular weight and low molecular weight fraction were separated from neutral fraction by gel chromatography. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of each compounds were performed with FT-IR NMR spectroscopy. Based on these analysis the optimal conditions of temperatures operating time organic solvent volume for precipitation and dialysis time were determined.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.302.2-303
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• 2003

For polymeric material for tissue engineering. chitosan was selected with benefit of high tissue compatibility attributed and wound healing through its activation of growth factors. And nonwoven chitosan fibrous matrix has well interconnected porosity. But chitosan itself has some of limitations in including rapid bone regeneration at initial states incorpor-ated of bioactive materials such as growth factors and ECM molecules. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.34-37
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• 1998

Combinatorial chemistry is one of the most interested topics in the area of drug discovery. One of the most important points is how to find a lead compound that gives the seed structure for designing of a combinatorial library. Natural products is suitable for searching a new bioactive compound with new structure. We have carried out systematic screening works to find natural products possessing the effects on inter-and intra-cellular signaling. Two hundreds extracts of medical plants and two thousands microbial culture broth samples have been tested for the induction and inhibition of IL-2 or IL-6 production (Fig. 1). ELISA is an efficient method for screenings from such a large number of samples. Now, we apply this method to search prion- binding agents.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.254-264
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• 2001

Sponges are host organisms for various symbiotic microorganisms such as archaea, bacteria, cyano-bacteria and microalgae. Sponges are also sources of a wide variety of useful natural products like cyto-toxins. antifouling agents, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antiviral compounds, Symbiotic microorganisms is sponges can be sources of various natural products, because metabolites previously ascribed to sponges have recently been demonstrated to be biosynthesized by symbionts. If a symbiotic microorganisms from which some natural products are derived can be cultured, the microorganism could be used in a mass production of the bioactive comopounds. We summarize recent research on iso-lation and cultivation of sponge-symbiotic microorganisms and the symbiotic relationship.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1243-1247
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• 2001

The water-soluble poly(aminoaryloxy-methylamino phosphazene) has been synthesized and investigated as a polymeric carrier species for the covalent attachment of biologically active agents. The cyclic trimeric model systems were utilized for the synthesis of polymeric analogues containing bioactive side groups. The sodium salt of 4-acetamidophenol was first allowed to react with (NPCl2)3 or (NPCl2)n and was then treated with excess methylamine to yield derivatives of type [NP(NHCH3)x(OArNHCOCH3)y]3 or [NP(NHCH3)x(OArNHCOCH3)y]n. The 4-acetamido groups were then hydrolyzed to 4-aminophenoxy units with potassium tert-butoxide. Coupling reactions between amino group and N-acetylglycine was accomplished with the use of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Their properties and structural characterization are discussed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 2019

Background: Inflammation is a host-defensive innate immune response to protect the body from pathogenic agents and danger signals induced by cellular changes. Although inflammation is a host-defense mechanism, chronic inflammation is considered a major risk factor for the development of a variety of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases are systemic inflammatory and degenerative diseases that primarily affect connective tissues and are characterized by severe chronic inflammation and degeneration of connective tissues. Ginseng and its bioactive ingredients, genocides, have been demonstrated to have antiinflammatory activity and pharmacological effects on various rheumatic diseases by inhibiting the expression and production of inflammatory mediators. Methods: Literature in this review was searched in a PubMed site of National Center for Biotechnology Information. Results: The studies reporting the preventive and therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases were discussed and summarized. Conclusion: Ginseng and ginsenosides play an ameliorative role on rheumatic diseases, and this review provides new insights into ginseng and ginsenosides as promising agents to prevent and treat rheumatic diseases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2019

The study of the genus Streptomyces is of particular interest because it produces a wide array of clinically important bioactive molecules. The genomic sequencing of many Streptomyces species has revealed unusually large numbers of cytochrome P450 genes, which are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Many macrolide biosynthetic pathways are catalyzed by a series of enzymes in gene clusters including polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. In general, Streptomyces P450 enzymes accelerate the final, post-polyketide synthesis steps to enhance the structural architecture of macrolide chemistry. In this review, we discuss the major Streptomyces P450 enzymes research focused on the biosynthetic processing of macrolide therapeutic agents, with an emphasis on their biochemical mechanisms and structural insights.

• Biomaterials Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.235-248
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• 2018

Background: Injectable hydrogels have been extensively researched for the use as scaffolds or as carriers of therapeutic agents such as drugs, cells, proteins, and bioactive molecules in the treatment of diseases and cancers and the repair and regeneration of tissues. It is because they have the injectability with minimal invasiveness and usability for irregularly shaped sites, in addition to typical advantages of conventional hydrogels such as biocompatibility, permeability to oxygen and nutrient, properties similar to the characteristics of the native extracellular matrix, and porous structure allowing therapeutic agents to be loaded. Main body: In this article, recent studies of injectable hydrogel systems applicable for therapeutic agent delivery, disease/cancer therapy, and tissue engineering have reviewed in terms of the various factors physically and chemically contributing to sol-gel transition via which gels have been formed. The various factors are as follows: several different non-covalent interactions resulting in physical crosslinking (the electrostatic interactions (e.g., the ionic and hydrogen bonds), hydrophobic interactions, ${\pi}$-interactions, and van der Waals forces), in-situ chemical reactions inducing chemical crosslinking (the Diels Alder click reactions, Michael reactions, Schiff base reactions, or enzyme-or photo-mediated reactions), and external stimuli (temperatures, pHs, lights, electric/magnetic fields, ultrasounds, or biomolecular species (e.g., enzyme)). Finally, their applications with accompanying therapeutic agents and notable properties used were reviewed as well. Conclusion: Injectable hydrogels, of which network morphology and properties could be tuned, have shown to control the load and release of therapeutic agents, consequently producing significant therapeutic efficacy. Accordingly, they are believed to be successful and promising biomaterials as scaffolds and carriers of therapeutic agents for disease and cancer therapy and tissue engineering.