Journal of Microbiology

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
권호 표지

Microbial Symbiosis in Marine Sponges

  • Lee, Yoo-Kyung (Microbiology Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Hyum (Microbiology Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Hong-Kum (Microbiology Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute)
  • Published : 2001.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Sponges are host organisms for various symbiotic microorganisms such as archaea, bacteria, cyano-bacteria and microalgae. Sponges are also sources of a wide variety of useful natural products like cyto-toxins. antifouling agents, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antiviral compounds, Symbiotic microorganisms is sponges can be sources of various natural products, because metabolites previously ascribed to sponges have recently been demonstrated to be biosynthesized by symbionts. If a symbiotic microorganisms from which some natural products are derived can be cultured, the microorganism could be used in a mass production of the bioactive comopounds. We summarize recent research on iso-lation and cultivation of sponge-symbiotic microorganisms and the symbiotic relationship.

Keywords

References

  1. Mar. Biol. v.130 Evidence for a symbiosis between bacteria of the genus Rhodobacter and the marine sponge Halichondria panicea: harbor also for putatively toxic bacteria? Althoff K.;C. Schutt;R. Steffen;R. Batel;W.E.G. Muller
  2. J. Chem. Ecol. v.12 Chemical ecology of marine organisms: an overview Bakus G.J.;N.M. Targett;B. Schulte
  3. PCR Methods Appl. v.1 The 16S/23S ribosomal spacerretion as a target for DNA probes to identify eubacteria Barry T.;G. Colleran;M. Glennon;L.K. Dunican;F. Gannon
  4. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.72 The isolation of a new thymine pentoside from sponges Bergmann W.;R.J. Feeney
  5. J. Antimicrob. Chemother v.32 A study on the mechanism of action of sceptrin, an antimicrobial agent iolated from the South Pacific sponge Agelas mauritiana Bernan V.S.;D.M. Roll;C.M. Ireland;M. Greenstein;W.M. Maiese;D.A. Steinberg
  6. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.118 Aciculitins A-C:cytotoxic and antifungal cyclic peptides from the lithistid sponge Aciculites orientalis Bewley C.A.;H.Y. He;D.H. Williams;D.J. Faulkner
  7. Experientia v.52 Two classes of metabolites from Theonella swinhoei are localized in distinct populations of bacterial symbionts Bewley C.A.;N.D. Holland;D.J. Faulkner
  8. J. Biol. Chem. v.269 Jasplakinolide, a cytooxic natural product, induces actin polymerization and compeitively inhibits the binding of phalloidin to F-actin Bubb M.R.;A.M. Senderowicz;E.A. Sausville;K.L. Duncan;E.D. Korn
  9. J. Mar. Biotechnol. v.6 Metabolites from the sponge-associated bacterium Micrococcus luteus Bultel-Ponce;V.C. Debitus;J.P. Berge;C. Cerceau;M. Guyot
  10. Mar. Biotechnol. v.1 Metabolites from the Sponge-Associated Bacterium Pseudomonas Species Bultel-Ponce V.;J.P. Berge;C. Debitus;J.L. Nicolas;M. Guyot
  11. J. Nat. Prod. v.61 Novel betaines from the marine sponge Agelas dispar Cafieri F.;E. Fattorusso;O. Taglialatela-Scafati
  12. Tetrahedron v.55 Sphinxolides e-g and reidispongiolidec: four new cytotoxic macrolides from the new caledonian lithistida sponges N. superstes and R. coerulea Carbonelli S.;A. Zampella;A. Randazzo;C. Debitus;L. Gomez-Paloma
  13. J. Nat. Prod. v.52 The structure of eryloside A, a new antitumor and antifungal 4-methylated steroidal glycoside from the sponge Erylus lendenfeldi Carmely S.;M. Roll;Y. Loya;Y. Kashman
  14. J. Nat. Prod. v.56 A new bastadin from the sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea Carney J.R.;P.J. Scheuer;M. Kelly-Borges
  15. J. Nat. Prod. v.63 New bisindole alkaloids of the topsentin and hamacanthin classes from the Mediterranean marine sponge Rhaphisia lacazei Casapullo A.;G. Bifulco;I. Bruno;R. Riccio
  16. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.106 Kalihinol-A, a highly functionalized diidocyano diterpenoid antibiotic from a sponge Chang C.W.J.;A. Patra;D.M. Roll;P.J. Scheuer;G.K. Matsumoto;J. Clardy
  17. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. v.47 Occurrence of hydroxyhydroquinone and 2-aminoinidazole in sponges Cimino G.;S. De Stefano;L. Minale
  18. J. Nat. Prod. v.55 Psammaplysin C: a new cytotoxic dibromotyrosine-derived metabolite from the marine sponge Druinella(=Psammaplysilla) purpurea Copp B.R.;C.M. Ireland;L.R. Barrows
  19. Jaspis sp. Tetrahedron Lett. v.27 Jasplakinolide, a cyclodepsipeptide from the marine sponge Crew P.;L.V. Manes;M. Boehler
  20. Appl. Envir. Microbiol. v.58 Use of repetitive(repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus) sequences and the polymerase chain reaction to fingerprint the genomes of Rhizobium meliloti isolates and other soil bacteria de Bruijn F.J.
  21. J. Mar. Biotechnol. v.6 Quinolones from a bacterium and tyrosine metabolites from its host sponge, Suberea creba from the Coral Sea Debitus C.;G. Guella;I.I. Mancini;J. Waikedre;J.P. Guemas;J.L. Nicolas;F. Pietra
  22. Symbiotic interactions Duglas A.E.
  23. J. Nat. Prod. v.62 New bromopyrrole alkaloids from the Indopacific sponge Agelas nakamurai Eder C.;P. Proksch;V. Wray;R.W. van Soest;E. Ferdinandus;L.A. Pattisina;S. Sudarsono
  24. Experintia v.47 Brominated diphenylethers from a marine bacterium associated with the sponge Dysidea sp. Elyakov G.B.;T. Kuznetsova;V.V. Mikhailov;I.I. Maltsev;V.G. Bionov;S.A. Fedoreyev
  25. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. v.67 Some pharmacological activities of novel adenine-related compounds isolated from a marine sponge Agelas mauritiana Fathi-Afshar R.;T.M. Allen;C.A. Krueger;D.A. Cook;A.S. Clanachan;R. Vriend;H.P. Baer;C.E. Cass
  26. J. Chem. Soc. v.1 Aeroplysinin-1, an antibacterial bromo-compound from the sponge Verongia aerophoba Fattorusso E.;L. Minale;G. Sodano
  27. Nat. Prod. Rep. v.18 Marine natural products Faulkner D.J.
  28. Mem. Queensl. Mus. v.44 Localisation of bioactive metabolites in marine sponges Faulkner D.J.;M.K. Harper;C.E. Salomon;E.W. Schmidt
  29. J. Nat. Prod. v.62 Antifungal metabolites from the marine sponge Pachastrissa sp.:new bengamide and bengazole derivatives Fernandez R;M. Dherbomez;Y. Letourneux;M. Nabil;J.F. Verbist;J.F. Biard
  30. Cell Tissue Res. v.292 Cellular origin of chlorinated digetopiperazines in the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea(Keller) Flowers A.E.;M.J. Garson;R.I. Webb;E.J. Dumdei;R.D. Charan
  31. Dev. Biol. v.226 Vibrio fisheri lipopolysaccharide induces developmental apoptosis, but not complete morphogenesis, of the Euprymna scolopes symbiotic light organ Foster J.S.;M.A. Apicella;M.J. McFall-Ngai
  32. Mar. Biol. v.134 Microbial diversity in the marine analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) Friedrich A.B.;H. Merkert;T. Fendert;J. Hacker;P. Proksch;U. Hentschel
  33. J. Nat. Prod. v.61 Agelasines H. and Ⅰ, 9-methyladenine-containing diterpenoids from an Agelas sponge Fu X.;F.J. Schmiz;R.S. Tanner;M. Kelly-Borges
  34. J. Nat. Prod. v.61 New imidazole alkaloids amd zinc complexes from the micronesian sponge Leucetta cf. chagosensis Fu X.;F.J. Schmitz;R.S. Tanner;M. Kelly-Borges
  35. Theonella sp. Tetrahedron Lett. v.40 Koshikamide A1, a new cytotoxic linear peptide isolated from a marine sponge Fusetani N.;K. Warabi;Y. Nogata;Y. Nakao;S. Matsunaga;R.R.M. van Soest
  36. J. Nat. Prod. v.55 Isolation of the bioactive terpene 7-deacetoxy-olepupuane from the temperate marine sponge Dysidea sp. Garson M.J.;A.F. Dexter;L.K. Lambert;V. Liokas
  37. Lipids v.29 The distribution of brominated long-chain fatty acids in sponge and symbiorit cell tyoes from the tropical marine sponege Amphimedon terpenesis Garson M.J.;M.P. Zimmermann;C.N. Battershill;J.L. Holden;P.T. Murphy
  38. Tetrahedron v.55 Isolation and structural elucidation of the crellastatins i-m: cytotoxic bis-steroid derivatives from the Vanuatu marine sponge Crella sp. Giannini C.;A. Zampella;C. Debitus;J.L. Menou;C. Roussakis;M.V. D'Auria
  39. J. Nat. Prod. v.56 Isolation and structure elucidation of 34-sulfatobastadin 13, an inhibitor of the endothelin A receptor, from a marine sponge of the genus Ianthella Gulavita N.K.;A.E. Wright;P.J. McCarthy;S.A. Pomponi;M. Kelly-Borges;M. Chin;M.A. Sills
  40. Hamacantha sp. J. Nat. Prod. v.57 Hamacanthins A and B, new antifungal bis indole alkaloids from the deep-water marine sponge Gunasekera S.P.;P.J. McCarthy;M. Kelly-Borges
  41. J. Nat. Prod. v.62 Secobatzellines A and B, two new enzyme inhibitors from a deep-water Caribbean sponge of the genus Batzella Gunasekera S.P.;P.J. McCarthy;R.E. Longley;S.A. Pomponi;A.E. Wright
  42. J. Nat. Prod. v.62 Discorhabdin P, a new enzyme inhibitor from a deep-water Caribbean sponge of the genus Batzella Gunasekera S.P.;P.J. McCarthy;R.E. Longley;S.A. Pomponi;A.E. Wright;E. Lobkovsky;J. Clardy
  43. J. Nat. Prod. v.57 Discobahamins A and B, new peptides from the Bahamian deep water marine sponge Discodermia sp. Gunasekera S.P.;S.A. Pomponi;P.J. McCarthy
  44. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. v.1 Symbiosis of marine invertebrate and micro-organism Haygood M.G.;E.W. Schmidt;S.K. Davidson;D.J. Faulkner
  45. Tetrahedron Lett. v.35 New cytotoxic sesterterpens from the marine sponge Spongia sp. He H.;P. Kulanthaivel;B.J. Baker
  46. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. v.35 Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of bacteria with antimicrobial activities from the Mediterranean sponges Aplysina aerophoba and Aplysina cavernicola Hentschel U.;M. Schmid;M. Wagner;L. Fieseler;C. Gernert;J. Hacker
  47. Mar. Biol. v.119 Isolation of Oscillatoria spongeliae, the filamentous cyanobacterial symbiont of the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea Hinde R.;F. Pironet;M.A. Borowitzka
  48. Pure Appl. Chem. v.58 Halichondrins-antitumor polyether macrolides from a marine sponge Hirata Y.;D. Uemura
  49. Lloydia v.40 Aplysinopsin: antineoplastic tryptophan derivative from the marine sponge Verongia spengelii Hollenbeak K.H.;F.J. Schmitz
  50. J. Nat. Prod. v.61 Agelastatins C and D, new pentacyclic bromopyrroles from the sponge Cymbastela sp. and potent arthropod toxicity of (-)-agelastatin A. Hong T.W.;D.R. Jimenez;T.F. Molinski
  51. J. Antibiot. v.46 Novel antimycin antibiotics, urauchimycins A and B, produced by marine actinomycete Imamura N.;M. Nishijima;K. Adachi;H. Sano
  52. Experientia v.47 Purealidin A, a new cytotoxic bromotyrosine-derived alkakoid from the Okinawan marine sponge Psammaplysilla purea Ishibashi M.;M. Tsuda;Y. Ohizumi;T. Sasaki;J. Kobayashi
  53. Chem. Pharm. Bull. v.40 Agelasine G, a new antileukemic alkaoid from the Okinawan marine sponge Agelas sp. Ishida K.;M. Ishibashi;H. Shigemori;T. Sasaki;J. Kobayashi
  54. J. Nat. Prod. v.59 Metabolites from an Antarctic sponge-associated bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Jayatilake G.S.;M.P. Thornton;A.C. Leonard;J.E. Grimwade;B.J. Baker
  55. J. Nat. Prod. v.53 Novel marine sponge amino acids, 10. Xestoaminols from Xestospongia sp. Kimenez C.;P. Crews
  56. Tetrahedron Lett. v.36 Elenic acid, an inhibitor of topoisomerase ii, from a spongem Plakinastrella sp. Juagdan E.G.;R.S. Kalidindi;P.J. Scheuer;M. Kelly-Borges
  57. Tetrahedron Lett. v.21 Latrunculin, a new 2-thiazolidinone macrolide from the marine sponge Latrunculia magnifica Kashman Y.;A. Groweiss;U. Shmeuli
  58. Tetrahedron Lett. v.40 Halitulin, a new cytotoxic alkaloid from the marine sponge Haliclona tulearensis Kashman Y.;G. Koren-Goldshlager;M.D.G. Gravalos;M. Schleyer
  59. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. v.14 Calyculins, potent antitumour metabolites from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx: biological activities Kato Y.;N. Fusetani;S. Matsunaga;K. Hashimoto
  60. J. Nat. Prod. v.62 Cytotoxic polyacetylenes from the marine sponge Petrosia sp. Kim J.S.;Y.J. Kim;K.S. Im;J.H. Jung;C.J. Shim;C.O. Lee;J. Hong;H. Lee
  61. Arch. Pharm. Res. v.22 Psammaplin A, a natural bromotyrosine derivative from a sponge, possesses the antibacterial activity against nethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the DNA gyrase-inhibitory activity Kim D.;I.S. Lee;J.H. Jung;S.I. Yang
  62. Echinoclathria sp. Tetrahedron v.55 Echinoclathrines A-C: a new class of pyridine alkaloids from an Okinawan sponge Kitamura A.;J. Tanaka;I.I. Ohtani;T. Higa
  63. Chem. Rev. v.93 Bioactive metabolites of symbiotic marine microorganisms Kobayashi J.;M. Ishibashi
  64. J. Nat. Prod. v.56 Jaspisamides A-C, new cytotoxic macrolides from the Okinawan sponge Jaspis sp. Kobayashi J.;O. Murata;H. Shigemori
  65. Chem. Pharm. Bull. v.38 Marine natural products ⅩⅩⅢ. Three new cytotoxic dimeric macrolides, swinholides B and C and isoswinholide A, congeners of swiholide A, from the Okinawan marine sponge Theonella swinhoer Kobayashi M.;J. Tanaka;T. Katori;I. Kitagawa
  66. Chem. Pharm. Bull. v.42 Marine natural products ⅩⅩⅩⅡ, Absolute configurations of C-4 of the manoalide family, biologically active sesterterpenes from the marine sponge Hyrtios erecta Kobayashi M.;T. Okamoto;K. Hayashi;N. Yokoyama;T. Sasaki;I. Kitagawa
  67. Stronglyophora hartmani. J. Nat. Prod. v.50 no.336 Puupehenone, a cytotoxic metabolite from a deep water marine sponge Kohmoto S.;O.J. McConnell;A. Wright;F. Koehn;W. Thompson;M. Lui;K.M. Snader
  68. Planta Med. v.62 Marine natural products research: current directions and future potential Konig G.M.;A.D. Wright
  69. J. Nat. Prod. v.59 Cytotoxicity and mode of action of aeroplysinin-1 and a related dienonefrom the sponge Aplysina aerophoba Koulman A.;P. Proksch;R. Ebel;A.C. Beekman;W. van Uden;A.W. Konings;J.A. Pedersen;N. Pras;H.J. Woerdenbag
  70. Mar. Biol. v.95 Filamentous cyanophytes containing phycourobilin and in symbiosis with sponges and an ascidian of coral reefs Larkum A.W.D.;G.C. Cox;R.G. Hiller;D.L. Parry;T.P. Dibbayawan
  71. Steroids v.42 Steroids in Porifera Ⅱ. Steroid derivatives from two sponges of the family Halichondriidae Sokotrasterol sulfate, a marine steoid with a new pattern of side chain alkylation Makarieva T.N.;L.K. Shubina;A.I. Kalinovsky;V.A. Stonik;G.B. Elyakov
  72. Planta Med. v.66 Agelasine F from a Philippine Agelas sp. sponge exhibits in vitro antituberculosis activity Mangalindan G.C.;M.T. Talaue;L.J. Cruz;S.G. Franzblau;L.B. Adams;A.D. Richardson;C.M. Ireland;G.P. Concepcion
  73. J. Nat. Prod. v.48 Bioactive marine metabolites Ⅳ, Isolation and the amino acid composition of discodermin A, an antimicrobial pepide, from the marine sponge Discodermia kiiensis Matsunaga S.;N. Fusetani;S. Konosu
  74. Tetrahedron Lett. v.26 Application of 2D-NMR spectroscopy in the structural determination of gracilin B, a bis-nor-diterpene from the sponge Spongionella gracilis Mayol L.;V. Piccialli;D. Sica
  75. J. Nat. Prod. v.55 Antifungal antivity of meridine, a natural product from the marine sponge Corticium sp. McCarthy P.J.;T.P. Pitts;G.P. Gunawardana;M. Keely-Borges;S.A. Pomponi
  76. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. v.3 Developmental biology in marine invertebrate symbioses McFall-Ngai M.J.;E.G. Ruby
  77. Tetrahedron Lett. v.15 Avarol a novel sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone with a rearranged drimane skeleton from the sponge Disidea avara Minale L.;R. Riccio;G. Sodano
  78. Pros=taglandins v.39 15-Acetylthioxy-furodysinin lactone, isolated from a marine sponge Dysidea sp. is a potent agonis to human leukotriene B4 receptor Mong S.;B. Votta;H.M. Sarau;J.J. Foley;D. Schmidt;B.K. Carte;B. Poehland;J. Westley
  79. J. Biotechnol. v.70 The discovery and development of marine compounds with phar-maceutical potential Munro M.H.;J.W. Blunt;E.J. Dumdei;S.J. Hickford;R.E. Lill;S. Li;C.N. Battershill;A.R. Duckworth
  80. J. Bacteriol. v.145 Lectin, a possible basis for symbiosis between bacteria and sponges Muller W.E.G.;R.K. Zahn;B. Kurelec;C. Lucu;I. Muller;G. Uhlenbruck
  81. Eur. J. Biochem. v.167 Purealin, a novel activator of skeletal muscle actomyosin ATPase and myosin EDTA-ATPase that enhanced the superprecopotation of actomyosin Nakamura Y.;M. Kobayashi;H. Nakamura;H. Wu;J. Kobayashi;Y. Ohizumi
  82. Microbios. v.78 Anti-bacillus substance in the marine sponge, Hyatella species, produced by an associated Vibrio species bacterium Oclarit J.M.;H. Okada;S. Ohta;K. Kaminura;Y. Yamaoka;T. Lizuka;S. Miyashiro;S. Ikegami
  83. Microb. Ecol. v.40 Improved Recoverability of microbial colonies from marine sponge samples Olson J.B.;C.C. Lord;P.J. McCarthy
  84. Trends Biotechnol. v.16 Cultivation of marine sponges for metabolite producion: applications for biotechnology? Osinga R.;J. Tramper;R.H. Wijffels
  85. Chemical defencs of benthic marine invertebrates: ecological roles of marine natural products Paul V.J.
  86. Environmenta Toxicology and Pharmacology v.6 Neuroactive compounds produced by bacteria from the marine sponge halichondria panices: activation of the neuronal NMDA receptor Perovis S.;A. Wichels;C. Schutt;G. Gerdts;S. Pahler;R. Steffen;W.E.G. Muller
  87. J. Nat. Prod. v.58 Antineoplastic agents, 326. The stereochemistry of bastadins 8,10, and 12 from the Bismarck archipelago marine sponge Ianthella basta Pettit G.R.;M.S. Butler;C.G. Bass;D.L. Doubek;M.D. Williams;J.M. Schmidt;R.K. Pettit;J.N. Hooper;L.P. Tackett;M.J. Filiatrault
  88. sp. nov. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA v.93 A psychrophilic crenarchaeon inhabits a marine sponge: Cenarchaeum symbiosum gen. nov. Preston C.M.;K.Y.;Wu;T.F. Molinski;E.F. DeLong
  89. J. Phycol. v.20 Ceratodictyon spongiosum(Rhodophyta), the macroalgal partner in an alga-sponge symbiosis, grown in unialgal culture Price I.R;R.L. Fricker;C.R. Wilkinson
  90. Toxicon v.32 Defensive roles for secondary metabolites from marine sponges and sponge-feeding undibranchs Proksch P.
  91. Tetrahedron Lett. v.21 Isolation and synthesis of 1-methylisoguanosine, a potent pharmacologically active constituent from the marine sponge Tedania digitata Quinn R.J.;R.P. Gregson;A.F. Cook;R.T. Barlett
  92. J. Nat. Prod. v.56 New structures and bioactivity patterns of bengazole alkaloids from a choristid marine sponge Rodriguez J.;R.M. Nieto;P. Crews
  93. Tetrahedron v.55 Wondosterols A-C, three steroidal glycosides from a Lorean marine two-sponge association Ryu G.;B.W. Choi;B.H. Lee;K.H. Hwang;U.C. Lee;D.S. Jeong;N.H. Lee
  94. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.108 Manzamine A, a novel antitumor alkaloid from a sponge Sakai R.;T. Higa;C.W. Jefford;G. Bernardinelli
  95. Mar. Biol. v.139 The cellular localization of dercitamide in the Palauan sponge Oceanapia sagittaria Salomon C.E.;T. Deerinck;M.H. Ellisman;D.J. Faulkner
  96. Ceratoporella nicholsoni. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.56 Phenotypic study of bacteria associated with the caribbean sclero-sponge Sntavy D.L.;P. Willenz; R.R. Colwell
  97. Mar. Biol. v.136 Identification of the antifungal peptide-containing symbiot of the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei as a novel δ-proteobacterium, Candidatus Entotheonella palauensis Schmidt E.W.;A.Y. Obraztsova;S.K. Davidson;D.J. Faulkner;M.G. Haygood
  98. J. Bacteriol. v.173 Analysis of a picoplakton community by 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing Schmidt T.M.;E.F. DeLong;N.R. Pace
  99. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.103 Acanthifolicin, a new episulfide-containing polyether carboxilic acid from extracts of the marine sponge Pandaros acanthifolium Schmitz F.J.;R.S. Prasad;Y. Gopichand;M.B. Hossain;D. van der Helm
  100. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.106 Tedanolid: a potent cytotoxic macrolide from the Caribbean sponge Tedania ignis Schmitz F.J.;S.P. Gunasekera;G. Yalamanchili;M.B. Hossain;D. van der Helm
  101. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother v.32 New class of antifungal agents: jasplakinolide, a cyclodepsipeptide from the marine sponge, Jaspis species Scott V.R.;R. Boehme;T.R. Metthews
  102. Tetrahedron v.54 Petrocortynes and petrosiacetylenes, Novel polyacetylenes from a sponge of the genus Petrosia Seo Y.;K.W. Cho;J.R. Rho;J. Shin
  103. J. Org. Chem. v.57 Alteramide A a new tetracyclic alkaloid from a bacterium Alteromonas sp. associated with the marine sponge Halichondra okadai Shigemori H.;M.A. Bae;K. Yazama;T. Sasaki;J. Kobayashi
  104. Tetrahedron v.54 Osirisynes A-F,highly oxygenated polyacetylenes from the sponge Haliclona osiris Shin;J.Y. Seo;KW. Cho;J.R. Rho
  105. J. Nat. Prod. v.61 Five new polyacetylenes from a sponge of the genus Petrosia Shin J.;Y. Seo;K.W. Cho
  106. J. Nat. Prod. v.63 Mycalamides C and D, cytotoxic compounds from the marine sponge Stylinos species Simpson J.S.;M.J. Garson;J.W. Blunt;M.H. Munro;J.N. Hooper
  107. Experientia v.44 no.1021 A marine Micrococcus produces metabolites ascribed to the sponge Tedania ignis Stierle A.C.;J.H. Cardellina Ⅱ;F.L. Singleton
  108. An introduction to the biology of marine life(5th ed.) Sumich L.
  109. Tetrahedron Lett v.40 Isolation and structures of haterumalides na, nb, and nc, novel macrolides from an okinawan sponge Ircinia sp. Takada N.;H. Sato;K. Suenaga;H. Arimoto;K. Yamada;K. Ueda;D. Uemura
  110. Z. Naturforsch [C] v.48 Antibiotic and cytotoxic activity of brominated compounds from the marine sponge Verongia aerophoba Teeyapant R.;H.J. Woerdenbag;P. Kreis;J. Hacker;V. Wray;L. Witte;P. Proksch
  111. J. Org. Cehm. v.66 Bengamides revisited: new structures and antitumor studies Thale Z.;F.R. Kinder;K.W. Bair;J. Bontempo;A.M. Czuchta;R.W. Versace;P.E. Phillips;M.L. Sanders;S. Wattanasin;P. Crews
  112. Tetrahedron Lett. v.40 Pyrinodemin A, a cytotoxic pyridine alkaloid with an isoxazolidine moiety from sponge Amphimedon sp. Tsuda M.;K. Hirano;T. Kubota;J. Kobayashi
  113. Tetrahedron v.55 Theopederins f-j: five new antifungal and cytotoxic metabolites from the marine sponge,Theonella swinhoei Tsukamoto S.;S. Matsunaga;N. Fusetani;A. Toh-e
  114. Mar. Biol. v.119 A brominated secondary metabolite synthesized by the cyanobaxterial symbiont of a marine sponge and accumulation of the crystalline metabolite in the sponge tissue Unson M.D.;N.D. Holland;D.J. Faulkner
  115. Experientia v.44 Cyanobacterial symbiont synthesis of chlorinated metabolites from Dysidea herbacea(Porifera) Unson M.D.;D.J. Faulkner
  116. Cell Tissue Res. v.285 New light on the cell location of avarol within the sponge Dysidea avara(Dendroceratida) Uriz M.J.;X. Turon;J. Galera;J.M. Tur
  117. J. Microsc. Biol. Cell. v.23 Etude en microscopie electronique de lassociation entre bacterie et spongiaires du genre Verongia(Distyoceratida) Vacelet J.
  118. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. v.30 Electron microscope study of the association between some sponges and bacteria Vacelet J.;C. Danadey
  119. Planta Med. v.62 Naturally occurring somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibitors Isolation of alkaloids from two marine sponges Vassas A.;G. Bourdy;J.J. Paillard;J. Lavayre;M. Pais;J.C. Quirion;C. Debitus
  120. Tetrahedron Lett. v.38 Veiutamine, a new alkaloid from the Fijian sponge zyzzya fuliginosa Venables D.A.;L.R. Barrows;P. Lassota;C.M. Ireland
  121. Mar. Biol. v.138 The culturable microbial community of the Grest Barrier Reef sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile is dominated by an α-Proteobacterium Webster N.S.;R.T. Hill
  122. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.67 Phylogenetic diversity of bacteris associated with the marine sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile Webster N.S.;K.J. Wilson;L.L. Blackall;R.T. Hill
  123. Mar. Biol. v.49 Microbial associations in sponges Ⅰ. Ecology, physiology and microbial populations of coral reef Wilkinson C.R.
  124. Mar. Biol. v.49 Microbial associations in sponges Ⅱ. Nucerical analysis of sponge and water bacteral polulations Wilkinson C.R.
  125. Mar. Biol. v.49 Microbial associations in sponges Ⅲ. Ultrastucture of the insitu associations in coral reef Wilkinson C.R.
  126. Symbiosis v.4 significance of microbial symbionts in sponge evolution and ecology Wilkinson C.R.
  127. Nature v.279 Nirogen fixation in coral reef sponges with symbiotic cyanobacteria Wilkinson C.R.;P. Fay
  128. Nutrition in the lower Metazoa Nutrition in marine sponges Invovement of symbiotic bacteria in the uptake of dissolved carbon Wilkinson C.R.;R. Garrone;Smith D.C.(ed.);Tiffon Y.(eds.)
  129. Micob. Ecol. v.7 Specificity of bacterial symbionts in Meidtrerran and Great Barrier Reef sponges Wilkinson C.R.;M. Nowak;B. Austin;R.R. Colwell
  130. J. Nat. Prod. v.52 The isolation and structure of modified bioactive nuclesides from Jaspis johnstoni Zabriskie T.M.;C.M. Ireland
  131. J. Nat. Prod. v.62 New jaspamide derivatices from the marine sponge Jaspis sp;endans collected in Vanuatu Zampella A.;C. Giannini;C. Debitus;C. Roussakis;M.V. D'Auria