• 분석과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 1994

유지 함량과 수분의 함량이 4:1(w:w)로 구성되고 유화제가 1.0~3.0%(w/w)의 농도로 첨가된 W/O형 유화계내에서 첨가된 유화제의 HLB값 및 조성이 유화안정성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 바, HLB값이 4.7 이하인 단일 종류의 유화제가 첨가된 실험구가 90.0 이상의 높은 ESI값을 갖는 안정한 W/O형 유화계를 유지하였으며, HLB값이 6.7~8.6 범위의 값을 가지는 단일 종류의 유화제를 함유한 경우는 50.0 이하의 낮은 ESI값을 갖는 불안정한 유화계를 형성하였고, HLB값이 10.5 이상인 유화제를 첨가한 경우는 cream을 형성하는 양상을 타나내었다. 또한, 두 종류 유화제를 3.0%(w/w)의 농도로 첨가하되 두 종류의 유화제 조성을 달리하여 HLB 값을 변화시키면서 W/O형 유화계를 제조하여 ESI값을 측정한 결과, 단일 종류 유화제를 사용하여 유화계를 형성한 실험구의 경우와 동일한 경향을 보였으며, 두 종류 유화제에 의한 상승작용으로 인하여 단일 종류의 유화제를 첨가한 유화계에 비하여 두 종류 유화제가 첨가된 실험구의 ESI값이 전체적으로 5.0~10.0 높은 보다 안정한 W/O형 유화계를 형성하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.588-595
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• 2010

This paper proposes encoding and decoding for nonlinear product codes and investigates the performance of nonlinear product codes. The proposed nonlinear product codes are constructed as N-dimensional product codes where the constituent codes are nonlinear binary codes derived from the linear codes over higher order alphabets, for example, Preparata or Kerdock codes. The performance and the complexity of the proposed construction are evaluated using the well-known nonlinear Nordstrom-Robinson code, which is presented in the generalized array code format with a low complexity trellis. The proposed construction shows the additional coding gain, reduced error floor, and lower implementation complexity. The (64, 24, 12) nonlinear binary product code has an effective gain of about 2.5 dB and 1 dB gain at a BER of $10^{-6}$ when compared to the (64, 15, 16) linear product code and the (64, 24, 10) linear product code, respectively. The (256, 64, 36) nonlinear binary product code composed of two Nordstrom-Robinson codes has an effective gain of about 0.7 dB at a BER of $10^{-5}$ when compared to the (256, 64, 25) linear product code composed of two (16, 8, 5) quasi-cyclic codes.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.353-366
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• 2021

The solubilities of different multicomponent lanthanide oxide (Ln₂O₃) solid solutions including binary (Ln₁ and Ln₂ = La, Nd, Eu, or Tm), ternary (Ln₁, Ln₂, and Ln₃ = La, Nd, Eu, or Tm), and higher systems (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were studied after aging for four weeks at 60℃. Our recent study revealed that the phase transformations in binary ((La, Nd) and (La, Eu)) and ternary (La, Nd, Eu) systems are responsible for the formation of (La, Nd)(OH)₃, (La, Eu)(OH)₃, and (La, Nd, Eu)(OH)₃ solid solutions, respectively. The variations in the mole fractions of La³⁺, Nd³⁺, and Eu³⁺ in the sample solutions of these hydroxide solid solutions indicated that a thermodynamic equilibrium might account for the apparent La, Nd, and Eu solubilities. Conversely, the binary and ternary systems containing Tm₂O₃ as the heavy lanthanide oxide retained the oxide-based solid solutions, and their solubility behaviors were dominated by their congruent dissolutions. In the higher multicomponent system, the X-ray diffraction patterns of the solid phases, before and after contact with the aqueous phase indicated the formation of a stable oxide solid solution and their solubility behavior was explained by its congruent dissolution.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2005

66개의 근접촉쌍성(이하 NCBb)의 절대물리량과 궤도요소를 여러 목록으로부터 수집 분석하여 여러 물리량 사이의 상관관계와 NCBs의 물리적 특성을 조사하였다 NCBs의 질량비-광도비 관계는 $L_2/L_1{\lapprox}(M_2/M_1)^{1.45}$로 나타났으며 CE형에 더 근접한 특성을 보였다. NCBs의 여러 물리량 사이의 상관관계에 따르면 F형이 A형에 비하여 주성과 반성의 질량, 반경, 광도 및 온도의 차이가 작게 나타났다. NCBs의 H-R도에 따르면 A형이 F형에 비하여 다소 더 진화된 종년주계열(TAMS)에 가까이 나타나고 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.639-655
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• 2017

The binary mixture consists of two types of granular media with different physical attributes and sizes, which can be characterized by the percentage of large granules by weight (P) and the particle size ratio (${\alpha}$). Researchers determine that two thresholds ($P_S$ and $P_L$) exist for the peak shear strength of binary mixtures, i.e., at $P{\leq}P_S$, the peak shear strength is controlled by the small granules; at $P{\leq}P_L$, the peak shear strength is controlled by the large granules; at $P_S{\leq}P{\leq}P_L$, the peak shear strength is governed by both the large and small granules. However, the thresholds of binary mixtures with different ${\alpha}$ values, and the explanation related to the inner details of binary mixtures to account for why these thresholds exist, require further confirmation. This paper considers the mechanical behavior of binary mixtures with DEM analysis. The thresholds of binary mixtures are found to be strongly related to their coordination numbers $Z_L$ for all values of ${\alpha}$, where $Z_L$ denotes the partial coordination number only between the large particles. The arrangement structure of the large particles is examined when P approaches the thresholds, and a similar arrangement structure of large particles is formed in both 2D and 3D particle systems.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

RFID 시스템에서의 성능은 단일 무선 채널을 공유하는 통신으로 인하여 태그 충돌 중재과정이 중요하다. 기본적인 프로토콜인 BT(Binary Tree) 알고리즘 및 재인식과정에서의 성능향상을 위한 ABS(Adaptive Binary Splitting)는 이상적인 환경에서의 태그응답을 전제하고 있다. 무선통신에서는 실질적으로 캡처 효과 (Capture Effect)가 존재하게 되는데, BT 및 ABS 프로토콜은 태그를 인식하지 못하는 치명적인 상황이 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 FTB(Feedback TagID with Binary splitting) 알고리즘은 ABS 프로토콜의 캡처 효과에 의한 문제점을 해결하고 성능 개선을 기대할 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1766-1784
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• 2014

Finger vein images contain rich oriented features. Local line binary pattern (LLBP) is a good oriented feature representation method extended from local binary pattern (LBP), but it is limited in that it can only extract horizontal and vertical line patterns, so effective information in an image may not be exploited and fully utilized. In this paper, an orientation-selectable LLBP method, called generalized local line binary pattern (GLLBP), is proposed for finger vein recognition. GLLBP extends LLBP for line pattern extraction into any orientation. To effectually improve the matching accuracy, the soft power metric is employed to calculate the matching score. Furthermore, to fully utilize the oriented features in an image, the matching scores from the line patterns with the best discriminative ability are fused using the Hamacher rule to achieve the final matching score for the last recognition. Experimental results on our database, MMCBNU_6000, show that the proposed method performs much better than state-of-the-art algorithms that use the oriented features and local features, such as LBP, LLBP, Gabor filter, steerable filter and local direction code (LDC).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4429-4447
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• 2018

Local binary descriptors are well-suited for many real-time and/or large-scale computer vision applications, while their low computational complexity is usually accompanied by the limitation of performance. In this paper, we propose a new optimization framework, RLDB (Robust-LDB), to improve a typical region-based binary descriptor LDB (local difference binary) and maintain its computational simplicity. RLDB extends the multi-feature strategy of LDB and applies a more complete region-comparing configuration. A cascade bit selection method is utilized to select the more representative patterns from massive comparison pairs and an online learning strategy further optimizes descriptor for each specific patch separately. They both incorporate LDP (linear discriminant projections) principle to jointly guarantee the robustness and distinctiveness of the features from various scales. Experimental results demonstrate that this integrated learning framework significantly enhances LDB. The improved descriptor achieves a performance comparable to floating-point descriptors on many benchmarks and retains a high computing speed similar to most binary descriptors, which better satisfies the demands of applications.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권7_8호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 완전이진트리의 3차원 메쉬로의 임베딩 문제를 다룬다. 링크 충돌을 2까지 허용하면서 최적크기의 메쉬에 임베딩하는 방법은 [1]에서 다루고 있으며, [2]에서는 최적크기의 1.27배의 메쉬로 임베딩하는 방법을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 임베딩 방법은 순위차원 라우팅을 사용하며 링크 충돌이 없는 방법으로, 약 1.125배의 최적확장을 넘지 않는다. 이 임베딩 방법은 링크의 충돌 혹은, 임베딩의 확장을 최소화한다는 기준에서 볼 때 기존의 임베딩 방법에 비해 향상된 결과이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2101-2123
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• 2023

Recent studies have shown that the neural network-based binary code similarity detection technology performs well in vulnerability mining, plagiarism detection, and malicious code analysis. However, existing cross-architecture methods still suffer from insufficient feature characterization and low discrimination accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a cross-architecture binary function similarity detection method based on composite feature model (SDCFM). Firstly, the binary function is converted into vector representation according to the proposed composite feature model, which is composed of instruction statistical features, control flow graph structural features, and application program interface calling behavioral features. Then, the composite features are embedded by the proposed hierarchical embedding network based on a graph neural network. In which, the block-level features and the function-level features are processed separately and finally fused into the embedding. In addition, to make the trained model more accurate and stable, our method utilizes the embeddings of predecessor nodes to modify the node embedding in the iterative updating process of the graph neural network. To assess the effectiveness of composite feature model, we contrast SDCFM with the state of art method on benchmark datasets. The experimental results show that SDCFM has good performance both on the area under the curve in the binary function similarity detection task and the vulnerable candidate function ranking in vulnerability search task.