• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.942-947
• /
• 2006

The effect of oat bran extracts on the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was studied in F344 male rats. Extracts were prepared using various combinations of temperature (40, 45, 50, 55, or 60$^{\circ}C:\;X_1$), ethanol concentration (0,5, 10, 15, or 20%: $X_2$), and pH (5, 6, 7, 8, or 9: $X_3$). Among the various extracts tested, one ethanol extract (EE; $45^{\circ}C$, 15% ethanol at pH 6) and one water extract (WE; $50^{\circ}C$ at pH 5) were selected based on their in vitro antitumor activity. The animals were fed with basal diet alone or basal diet supplemented with 0.25 or 0.5% of EE or WE for 6 weeks. During the initial 2 weeks of the 6-week test period, the rats were subcutaneously injected with DMH (30 mg/kg) 4 times for the induction of ACF. DMH induced an average of 322.7 and 142.9 aberrant crypts (AC) and ACF, respectively. A low dose (0.25%) of EE (containing 38.3% ${\beta}$-glucan) and WE (containing 22.8% ${\beta}$-glucan) greatly reduced the numbers of DMH-induced AC and ACF. Significantly, ACF consisting of more than 3 AC were reduced by half in which the effect of EE, containing a higher concentration of ${\beta}$-glucan, was superior to that of WE. These results demonstrate that oat bran extracts may confer protection against colon carcinogenesis.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2021

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the beta-glucan, ginsenoside content, antioxidant activity and safety of modified Kyungohkgo added to Sparassis crispa and Hericium erinaceum. Methods The marker compounds contents, antioxidant activity and safety of modified Kyungohkgo were tested. The contents of beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3 marker compounds were measured, the antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and a safety test was conducted via single dose toxicity assessment. Results Analyzing the contents of marker compounds showed 351.75 mg/g of beta-glucan, 0.0327 mg/g of ginsenoside Rb1 and 0.0802 mg/g of ginsenosai Rg3. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the inhibition concentration 50% of modified Kyungohkgo was 0.2880%. The scavenging activity of modified Kyungohkgo was 5.49% activity at 0.05% concentration, 89.66% activity at 0.5% concentration, 94.68% activity at 1% concentration, and 96.06% activity at 5% concentration. In the single dose toxicity test of modified Kyungohkgo, a dose of 2,000 mg/kg B.W. was set at its highest capacity and observed after oral administration to female and male rats. No toxicological findings were recognized. It was observed that the resulting lethal dose can be set to 2,000 mg/kg B.W. or higher for both females and males. Conclusions The results of the experiment on modified Kyungohkgo showed that the marker compounds contents were beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3, that antioxidant activity was observed through the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and safety was confirmed through the single dose toxicity assessment.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2004

1 인간 면역 세포 중 하나인 T세포에 대한 각 시료의 생육 촉진 활성은 시료의 $1.0\;g/{\ell}$에서 기준물질로 사용한 ${\beta}-glucan$이 T 세포의 생육촉진 활성 측정에서 가장 좋은활성을 나타내었으며, GAM은 GM보다 높은 생육 촉진 활성을 보였다. 2. B 세포의 각 cell 당 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 분비량을 살펴보면 GAM, GM, GS는 배양 2일째 최대분비량을 나타내었고, 표준물질로 사용한 ${\beta}-glucan$은 배양 1일째부터 6일째까지 일정한 수치의 분비량을 나타내었다 IL-6의 경우는 모든 시료들이 비교적 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 3. 정상 폐 세포인 HEL299에 대한 세포 독성 실험에서는 표준물질로 사용한 ${\beta}-glucan$과 GAM이 시료 투여 최고 농도인 $1.0\;g/{\ell}$의 농도에서 30% 미만의 비교적 낮은 세포 독성을 나타내었으며, 반면에 GM과 GS는 30% 이상의 비교적 높은 세포 독성을 나타내었다. 4. 페암 세포인 A549에 대한 각 시료의 생육 억제 활성과 선택적 사멸도를 살펴보면, 암세포에 대한 생육 억제활성이 가장 좋게 나타낸 시료는 GM으로 90% 이상의 아주 높은 억제 활성을 나타내었지만 선택적 사멸도에서는 정상세포에 대한 세포 독성이 높아 비교적 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 그리고 GAM과 ${\beta}-glucan$은 GM에 비하여 비교적 낮은 생육 억제 효과를 나타내었지만 세포 독성이 낮아 선택적 사멸도에서는 GM에 비하여 높은 선택적 사멸도를 나타내었다. 5. 인간 면역 세포 중 하나인 T 세포를 microphysiometer를 이용하여 동역학적 면역 활성 증진도를 살펴보면 표준물질로 사용한 ${\beta}-glucan$을 투여하고 20분부터 170여분까지 대사활성도가 급격히 증가하였으며, GAM의 경우는 시료를 투여하고 240분이 지날 때까지 꾸준히 대사활성도가 증가되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 앞서 실험한 end point 만을 측정한 세포생육도와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the beta-glucan & ginsenoside content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect and safety of herbal medicine mix. Methods The marker compounds contents, antioxidant activity and safety of herbal medicine mix were tested. The contents of beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3 were measured, the antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory and a safety test was conducted via single dose toxicity assessment. Results Analyzing the contents of marker compounds showed 362.3 mg/g of beta-glucan, and 0.4184 mg/g of ginsenoside Rg3. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the IC50 of herbal medicine mix, was 0.146%. The scavenging activity of herbal medicine mix was 88.28% activity at 0.5% concentration, and 90.61% activity at 5% concentration. In the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) anti-inflammatory test, the herbal remix showed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-𝛼) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to the LPS-induced group. In the single dose toxicity test of herbal medicine mix, a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) was set at its highest capacity and observed after oral administration to female and male rats. No toxicological findings were recognized. It was observed that the resulting lethal dose can be set to 2,000 mg/kg BW or higher for both females and males. Conclusions The results of the experiment on herbal medicine mix showed that the marker compounds contents were beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3, that antioxidant activity was observed through the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory effect was observed through TNF-𝛼 and IL-6 measurement, and safety was confirmed through the single dose toxicity assessment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권10호
• /
• pp.1548-1557
• /
• 2019

Objective: To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels and molecular weights of fungal ${\beta}$-glucan on productive performances, health, carcass traits and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Two hundred and ten of one-day-old chicks with equal sex were assigned to seven experimental groups in $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement. These groups were supplemented with (0, 10, 30, and 60 ppm) of molecular weight 1-3, 1-6 ${\beta}$-glucan (low or high). High molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (H: 943 kDa) was obtained from Ophiocordyceps dipterigena BCC 2073, whereas H with ${\gamma}$-Irradiation treatment was performed to achieve low molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (L: 8 kDa). Results: There was no statistical significance in productive performances, apparent digestibility and interaction between fixed factors along 42 days of experiment (p>0.05). A higher caecal amylase activity was present in the group that received L, while there was a dramatic decrease in H and the control groups, respectively (p<0.05). The increase of supplemental dose increased caecal amylase activity (p<0.05). Immunomodulatory effects from L was revealed by the marked increase of phagocytic activity, relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius (p<0.05). Similarly, the additive dose at 30 ppm provided the same results, whereas the only significant difference with supplementation at 60 ppm was an increase in phagocytic activity (p<0.05). Interestingly, villi height of broilers fed L was higher than other groups (p<0.05). The treatments did not influence haematology, blood chemistry, antibody production level against vaccination, carcass traits and meat quality (p>0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of L at 30 ppm was suggested to achieve benefits of immune modulation without adverse effects on other parameters.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제41권12호
• /
• pp.1740-1746
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 식이섬유와 ${\beta}$-glucan이 풍부한 꽃송이버섯을 발효한 후 추출하여 이들 성분의 함량을 보다 증가시킨 추출물과 잔사를 제조하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 열풍 건조한 꽃송이버섯 자실체의 분말을 유산균(L. brevis)과 홍국균(M. pilosus)으로 각각 발효한 후 열수와 수용성 에탄올(50, 70, 90%, v/v)로 추출하여 추출물과 잔사를 제조하고 이들의 수용성, 불용성 및 총 식이섬유와 ${\beta}$-glucan의 함량을 버섯원물의 추출물과 잔사의 각 성분의 함량과 비교하였다. 홍국균 발효 버섯의 총 식이섬유 함량은 74.4 g/100 g으로 버섯원물(64.4 g/100 g)과 유산균 발효 버섯(66.1 g/100 g)의 총 식이섬유 함량에 비해서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높았다. 버섯원물, 유산균 발효 버섯, 홍국균 발효 버섯의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량(21.9~24.4 g/100 g) 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 추출물의 경우, 홍국균 발효 버섯의 열수 추출물에서 총 식이섬유(21.6 g/100 g)와 수용성 식이섬유 함량(19.3 g/100 g)이 가장 높았으며 버섯 원물의 열수 추출물의 총 식이섬유(16.4 g/100 g)와 수용성 식이섬유 함량(14.6 g/100 g)보다도 유의적으로 (p<0.05) 높았다. 홍국균 발효 버섯을 열수 추출하고 남은 잔사의 총 식이섬유 함량은 90.5 g/100 g이었고 이들의 대부분이 불용성 식이섬유로 구성되어 있었으며, ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 버섯 원물이나 홍국균 발효 버섯보다 높은 31.0 g/100 g이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제조한 홍국균 발효 꽃송이버섯의 열수 추출물과 잔사는 각각 액상과 분말 형태의 건강기능식품 및 가공식품 소재로 개발될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.438-445
• /
• 2010

The immunomodulatory effects of Aureohasidium pullulans SM-2001 exopolymers containing $\beta$-1,3/1,6-glucan were evaluated in cyclophosphamide (CPA)-treated mice. To induce immunosuppression, 150 and 110 mg/kg of CPA were intraperitoneally injected 3 days and 1 day, respectively, before beginning administration of the test material. Exopolymers were delivered subcutaneously or orally, four times, in a volume of 10 ml/kg at 12-h intervals beginning 24 h after the second CPA treatment. Changes in thymus and spleen weights, splenic amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-10, and numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and TNF-$\alpha+$ thymus and spleen cells were monitored in CPA-treated mice. As a result of CPA treatment, dramatic decreases in the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and TNF-$\alpha+$ cells were detected in the thymus and spleen, along with decreases in thymus and spleen weights. In addition, splenic TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-10 contents were also decreased on observation with flow cytometry. However, oral and subcutaneous treatments with exopolymers effectively reduced the immunosuppressive changes induced by CPA. Therefore, it is concluded that exopolymers of A. pullulans SM-2001 can effectively prevent immunosuppression through, at least partially, the recruitment of T cells and TNF-$\alpha+$ cells or enhancement of their activity, and can provide an effective component of prevention or treatment regimens for immunosuppression related to cancer, sepsis, and high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 1996

많은 보리계통의 주요 종실성분을 등숙초기단계에 신속하고 정확하게 분석하기 위한 근적외분광분석법의 이용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 겉보리 34계통을 재료로 출수후 25, 30, 35일에 각각 수확하였다. 이들 시료들을 대상으로 양질의 보리품종을 선발하는데 있어 품질면에 크게 영향을 미치는 전분, $\beta$-glucan, 단백질 및 회분성분을 일반분석법에 의해 분석한 뒤, 이 성적과 근적외분광광도계(NIRS)를 이용한 검량식(calibration equation)작성으로, 간접측정방법의 가능성을 검토하였다. 각 등숙시기별 성분별로 우수 검량식을 택하고 이를 이용하여 실분석치와의 상관정도를 검토함으로써 실행정확성을 판단하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수후 25일의 보리종실성분 중 전분은 2,163nm의 파장으로 구성된 검량식에서, $\beta$-glucan은 2,006nm 파장의 검량식에서 측정정확도가 높아 NIRS의 이용가능성이 있었으나 단백질 및 회분은 불가능한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 출수후 30일의 보리종실성분 중 전분은 2,053/2,082/2,235nm, $\beta$-glucan은 2,064/2,110nm, 단백질은 2,139/2,167/2,006/1,931nm로 구성된 검량식에서 각각 측정정확도가 높았으나 회분은 실분석치와의 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 3. 출수후 35일 수확 종실의 경우 NIRS에 의한 전분과 단백질의 측정정확도가 높은 것으로 나타났으나 $\beta$-glucan및 회분은 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 4. 출수후 35일 종실의 $\beta$-glucan은 흡광도 peak가 2,090nm에서 이루어져 분석이 되지 않았으며, 또한 회분은 세 시기 모두 계통간 성분변이 폭이 좁아 NIRS에 의한 분석이 어려울 것으로 판단되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2012

Three oat cultivars and one oat breeding line were evaluated for chemical, hydration and pasting properties. Protein, starch and ${\beta}$-glucan levels ranged 11.13~14.37, 56.37~64.86 and 3.44~4.76%, respectively. The oat cultivars Daeyang and Seonyang contained higher ${\beta}$-glucan levels of 4.76 and 4.35%. The Daeyang variety had a higher water absorption index (WAI) of 2.83~3.35 (g/g), but a lower water solubility index (WSI) of 8.67~11.08%. Daeyang and Seonyang cultivars showed higher peak and trough viscosity, but lower breakdown and setback, indicating that they easily swell, and thus could possibly provide the desirable viscosity of an oat product. The ${\beta}$-glucan levels were correlated positively with WAI, peak and trough viscosity, and negatively to WSI, breakdown and setback viscosity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2001

In order to breed barley lines with reduced viscosity of wort, a fractured starch mutant of naked barley cultivar, Nubet, was obtained from the M2 seeds mutated by the diethyl sulfate treatment. Seeds of this fractured starch mutant were opaque and the endosperm consists of angular, irregular and fractured starch. The mutant was caused by single recessive mutation and assigned by the symbol fra. The gene was located on chromosome 4, distal in long arm by linkage recombinations using translocation homozygote lethal test set. The linkage value between the fractured starch mutant and 72-4a, 72-4d were 26.0$\pm$4.9, 34.2$\pm$3.1 percent respectively. In addition to the reduced seed size, fewer kernels per spike and higher tillering ability, lower $\beta$-glucan viscosity and higher lysine content of the grain were associated with this mutant. $\beta$-glucan viscosity of the Nubet grains increased from 3 weeks after anthesis to matury and most of the viscose substances appeared to be stored in the middle of the endosperm tissue. Since the mutant grains showed better milling property as compared to Nubet, it can be used as breeding resources to develope new barley cultivars for maltins and milling purpose.