• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.515-525
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• 2007

In this investigation, results of laboratory tests on four reinforced concrete flat plate interior connections with elongated rectangular column support which has been used widely in tall residential buildings are presented. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an effect of column aspect ratio (${\beta}_c={c_1}/{c_2}$=side length ratio of column section in the direction of lateral loading $(c_1)$ to the direction of perpendicular to $c_1$) on the hysteretic behavior under earthquake type loading. The aspect ratio of column section was taken as $0.5{\sim}3\;(c_1/c_2=1/2,\;1/1,\;2/1,\;3/1)$ and the column perimeter was held constant at 1200mm in order to achieve nominal vertical shear strength $(V_c)$ uniformly. Other design parameters such as flexural reinforcement ratio $(\rho)$ of the slab and concrete strength$(f_{ck})$ was kept constant as ${\rho}=1.0%$ and $f_{ck}=40MPa$, respectively. Gravity shear load $(V_g)$ was applied by 30 percent of nominal vertical shear strength $(0.3V_o)$ of the specimen. Experimental observations on punching failure pattern, peak lateral-load and story drift ratio at punching failure, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation in the hysteresis loop, and steel and concrete strain distributions near the column support were examined and discussed in accordance with different column aspect ratio. Eccentric shear stress model of ACI 318-05 was evaluated with experimental results. A fraction of transferring moment by shear and flexure in the design code was analyzed based on the test results.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.980-987
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• 2012

Nonpoint source pollution causes leaks and overtopping, depending on the state of the sewer network as well as aggravates the pollution load of the aqueous water system as it is introduced into the sewer by wash-off. According, the need for efficient sewer monitoring system which can manage the sewage flowrate, water quality, inflow/infiltration and overflow has increased for sewer maintenance and the prevention of environmental pollution. However, the sewer monitoring is not easy since the sewer network is built in underground with the complex nature of its structure and connections. Sewer decontamination mechanism as well as pipe network monitoring and fault diagnosis of water network system on system analysis proposed in this study. First, the pollution removal pattern and behavior of contaminants in the sewer pipe network is analyzed by using sewer process simulation program, stormwater & wastewater management model for expert (XP-SWMM). Second, the sewer network fault diagnosis was performed using the multivariate statistical monitoring to monitor water quality in the sewer and detect the sewer leakage and burst. Sewer decontamination mechanism analysis with static and dynamic state system results showed that loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) during rainfall are greatly increased than non-rainfall, which will aggravate the pollution load of the water system. Accordingly, the sewer outflow in pipe network is analyzed due to the increased flow and inflow of pollutant concentration caused by rainfall. The proposed sewer network monitoring and fault diagnosis technique can be used effectively for the nonpoint source pollution management of the urban watershed as well as continuous monitoring system.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

A methods to calculate non-linear moment-curvature relations of high-strength PSC flexural members for numerical analysis has been proposed. The moment-curvature relations were calculated with assumptions of design codes and by the layer method. The results of the proposed procedures for moment-curvature relations and numerical analysis were compared with those of pre-existing tests. The absorption energy rate of the design codes was about 30% larger than that of the layer method. The ultimate load and the external work of the layer method were 90% and 85% of those of tests, respectively The ultimate load of the strength design method was 97% of that of tests, but the external work was over-estimated with 122%. The ultimate load and external work by the proposed equation of the CEB-FIP Model Code were 113% and 173% of those of tests, respectively. It show that the use of ultimate strain of 0.0035 should be over-estimated for high-strength concrete. The procedure of non-linear numerical analysis of this research could be stably simulated the behavior of concrete flexural members until the ultimate state, and calculate results of the load-deflection relation and cracking pattern were very similar with those of tests.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.77-102
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• 2016

This study is on the variation of characters' role and desire in the series animation. For this study, Greimas Actant Model is used to analyze characters' role and behavior and Maslow's Motivation Theory is used to analyze the changing pattern in their desire. Finally, Joseph Campbell's Monomyth or Hero's Journey is used to analyze the whole narrative through all the series. For this analysis, this study chose series animation as a case, The study shows that the desire of the protagonist of series animation keeps escalating for higher values. On the contrary, the other characters' desire don't show any consistency. This result can be explained with monomyth frame. The escalation of the desire in natural because the whole series is a three consecutive episodes about the story of a person's turning over a new leaf and reunion of the parted family. Also, the escalation is originally plotted by the protagonist's expectation role in monomyth's three steps; self-awareness, accomplishment and ultimate freedom.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.800-806
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracisternal administrations of triptolide and N-nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) are involved in the regulation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. The TMJ pain was induced by the injection of 5% formalin ($30{\mu}l$) into TMJ capsule of rats. The pain behavioral responses was recorded the number of grooming or scratching on the left TMJ area for 9 successive 5 minutes intervals. Triptolide and L-NAME were administrated intracisternally 10 minutes before formalin injection. The intra-articular injection of formalin produced a biphasic pattern of pain response (first phase: 0~10 minutes and second phase: 11~45 minutes). The intracisternal administration of triptolide ($1{\mu}g/10{\mu}l$) and L-NAME ($0.1{\mu}g/10{\mu}l$) suppressed the TMJ pain behavior in each experiment. Co-administration of two drugs was shown the enhanced effect than the analgesic effect by single-administration of triptolide ($1{\mu}g/10{\mu}l$). The triptolide could be a useful analgesic agent for the treatment of TMJ pain, and it is expected to reduce the substantial amount of it via co-administration of synthetic chemical compound and natural products.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

The efficiency of power supply circuits such as DC-DC converters and batteries varies on the trend of the power consumption because their efficiencies are not fixed. To analyze the efficiency of power supply circuits, we need the temporal behavior of the power consumption of the loads, which is dependent on the activity factors of the devices during the operation. Since it is not easy to model every detail of those factors, one of the most accurate power consumption analyses of power supply circuits is measurement of a real system, which is expensive and time consuming. In this paper, we introduce an active load emulator for embedded systems which is capable of power measurement, logging, replaying and synthesis. We adopt a pattern recognition technique for data compression in that long-term behaviors of power consumption consist of numbers of repetitions of short-term behaviors, and the number of short-term behaviors is generally limited to a small number. We also devise a heterogeneous structure of active load elements so that low-speed, high-current active load elements and high-speed, low-current active load elements may emulate large amount and fast changing power consumption of digital systems. For the performance evaluation of our load emulator, we demonstrate power measurement and emulation of a hard drive. As an application of our load emulator, it is used for the analysis of a DC-DC converter efficiency and for the verification of a low-power frequency scaling policy for a real-time task.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

This paper introduces a system, Simulation based Stochastic Markup Estimation System (S2ME), for estimating optimum markup for a project. The system was designed and implemented to better represent the real world system involved in construction bidding. The findings obtained from the analysis of existing assumptions used in the previous quantitative markup estimation methods were incorporated to improve the accuracy and predictability of the S2ME. The existing methods has four categories of assumption as follows; (1) The number of competitors and who is the competitors are known, (2) A typical competitor, who is fictitious, is assumed for easy computation, (3) the ratio of bid price against cost estimate (B/C) is assumed to follow normal distribution, (4) The deterministic output obtained from the probabilistic equation of existing models is assumed to be acceptable. However, these assumptions compromise the accuracy of prediction. In practice, the bidding patterns of the bidders are randomized in competitive bidding. To complement the lack of accuracy contributed by these assumptions, bidding project was randomly selected from the pool of bidding database in the simulation experiment. The probability to win the bid in the competitive bidding was computed using the profile of the competitors appeared in the selected bidding project record. The expected profit and probability to win the bid was calculated by selecting a bidding record randomly in an iteration of the simulation experiment under the assumption that the bidding pattern retained in historical bidding DB manifest revival. The existing computation, which is handled by means of deterministic procedure, were converted into stochastic model using simulation modeling and analysis technique as follows; (1) estimating the probability distribution functions of competitors' B/C which were obtained from historical bidding DB, (2) analyzing the sensitivity against the increment of markup using normal distribution and actual probability distribution estimated by distribution fitting, (3) estimating the maximum expected profit and optimum markup range. In the case study, the best fitted probability distribution function was estimated using the historical bidding DB retaining the competitors' bidding behavior so that the reliability was improved by estimating the output obtained from simulation experiment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

The rapid increase of the elderly living alone is a critical issue in worldwide as it leads to a rapid increase of a social support costs (e.g., medical expenses) for the elderly. In early stages of dementia, the activities of daily living (ADL) including self-care tasks can be affected by abnormal patterns or behaviors and used as an evidence for the early diagnosis. However, extracting activities using non-intrusive approach is still quite challenging and the existing methods are not fully visualized to understand the behavior pattern or routine. To address these issues, this research suggests a model to extract the activities from coarse-grained data (spatio-temporal data log) and visualize the behavioral context information. Our approach shows the process of extracting and visualizing the subject's spaceactivity map presenting the context of each activity (time, room, duration, sequence, frequency). This research contributes to show a possibility of detecting subject's activities and behavioral patterns using coarse-grained data (limited to spatio-temporal information) with little infringement of personal privacy.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.463-493
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• 2018

As the population structure of Korea changes with the increase of single households and elderly households, this may have effect on domestic energy consumption pattern. Our study analyzes whether the energy consumption of single and elderly households are distinguishable from those of general households. For empirical analysis, Household Energy Standing Survey panel data and regional fixed effect model are employed. The result strongly shows that single households consume more energy than other households. The consumption of single households from 40s to 60s was the highest. On the other hand, the effect of aging was different from energy sources. Electricity consumption of elderly household was more than other age groups, while oil consumption of elderly household was less than others. Gas and total energy consumptions turned out to be not much different among different age groups.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a detailed component image classification algorithm by fashion item for unstructured data retrieval in the fashion field. Due to the COVID-19 environment, AI-based online shopping malls are increasing recently. However, there is a limit to accurate unstructured data search with existing keyword search and personalized style recommendations based on user surfing behavior. In this study, pre-processing using Mask R-CNN was conducted using images crawled from online shopping sites and then classified components for each fashion item through CNN. We obtain the accuaracy for collar of the shirt's as 93.28%, the pattern of the shirt as 98.10%, the 3 classese fit of the jeans as 91.73%, And, we further obtained one for the 4 classes fit of jeans as 81.59% and the color of the jeans as 93.91%. At the results for the decorated items, we also obtained the accuract of the washing of the jeans as 91.20% and the demage of jeans accuaracy as 92.96%.