• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.872-882
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• 2017

There are no specific guidelines on how to control the heat input for the heat generating smart base layer. This study investigated the mode of actuating heat pad attached to the base layer by performing a human wear test in a cold environment. Subjects participating in the test wore T-shirts, jumper and pants on the base layer with heating pads. Skin temperature, total time of heating and the number of switching for the heating mode were observed as the subject controlled the heating mode voluntarily. The comfortable range of skin temperature on the abdomen was larger than on the lower back. The subject felt hot and turned off the switch when the mean skin temperature of the abdomen was $48.8^{\circ}C$ and the lower back was $40.1^{\circ}C$. The total heating time and the number of actuating switching were larger for women than men. The voluntary action of heating for men with high cold sensitivity was significantly different from men with low cold sensitivity. Therefore, it is necessary (depending on gender and cold sensitivity) to set the heating mode differently for the automatic heat control of a future smart base layer.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2023

세계적으로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 리튬 그리스의 대체 물질로서 calcium sulfonate 그리스를 합성하여 성능을 개선하였다. Calcium sulfonate 그리스의 저온성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 PAO (poly alpha olefin) 기반의 기유와 증주제를 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 파라핀 오일과 PAO 기반의 기유와 증주제로 calcium sulfonate 그리스 3종을 합성하였으며, PAO 기반의 기유와 수산화 리튬, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, sebacic acid의 비누화 반응으로 리튬 그리스 1종을 합성하였다. 합성한 calcium sulfonate 그리스 3종과 리튬 그리스의 형태, 미세 구조 및 작용기는 SEM 및 FT-IR로 분석하였다. 저온 특성은 rheometer, low temperature torque로 측정하였고, 트라이볼로지 특성은 four ball lubricant tester, SRV로 측정하였다. 그 결과, PAO 기반의 기유와 증주제로 합성된 calcium sulfonate 그리스는 -40℃에서도 유동할 수 있었으며, 기존 calcium sulfonate 그리스의 저온 특성의 한계점을 극복하였다. 또한 합성한 calcium sulfonate 그리스는 PAO 기유로 합성된 리튬 그리스보다 우수한 내마모성, 내하중성, 마찰계수, 내열성, 점착성 및 내부식성을 보였으므로 상업적으로 기존의 리튬 그리스를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2014

Since the structural temperature of a flight vehicle flying at high speed rises rapidly due to aerodynamic heating, it is necessary for optimum structural design to obtain proper material properties at high temperature by taking into account of its operational environment. For a special alloy, analysis data on strength change due to exposure time to high temperature are very limited, and most of them are for an exposure time longer than 30 minutes for long term operations. In this study, base and weld metal samples of Ti-6Al-4V alloy had been prepared and high temperature tensile tests with induction heating were performed, and then high temperature strength characteristics and strength recovery characteristics through cooling have been analyzed. Pre-tests to determine maximum heating rate were performed, and response characteristics for temperature control were confirmed. As a result, high temperature tensile strength appeared to be lower than that of room temperature, but it was higher than that of high temperature of 30 minite exposure listed in MMPDS. In strength recovery through cooling Ti-6Al-4V alloy has shown higher recovery rate compared with other alloys.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.687-697
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• 2017

To figure out an appropriate pressure level for a body warming base layer, human responses were observed when the pattern reduction of base layers varied. Under the condition of $2^{\circ}C$, 60% RH, 0.1m/s, ten male subjects participated in the experiment with four sizes of experimental vests where heating pads were attached. The subjective evaluations of the heating vests with different sizes were reported using 7 or 9 point scales. We simultaneously observed chest, abdomen and scapula skin temperatures and microclimate humidity. It was found that the tight pattern as in the case of A or B provided a warmer subjective sensation and skin temperature than C or D; however, there were no differences in skin temperature at the chest. Eventually, the chest temperature decreased after about 30 mins of heating; however, temperature of abdomen increased and indicated that heating with two commercial pads used was inadequate for whole body warming. The pressure sensation of 'tight' was improved after warming the abdomen in a cold environment. Overall, the gaps beyond the original circumference of the abdomen, as in C or D, were not desirable for the local heating of abdomen under the conditions of this experiment where walking was included in the protocol. The experiment garment B with nude waist circumference was the best, and D with the largest ease, was the worst for a comfortable warming vest.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2006

A lever type $NO_2$ micro gas sensor was fabricated by MEMS technology. In order to heat up the gas sensing material to a target temperature, a micro heater was built on the gas sensor. The sensing material laid on the heater and electrodes and did not contact with the silicon base to minimize the heat loss to the silicon base. The electric power to heat up the gas sensor to a target temperature was measured. The temperature distribution of micro gas sensor was analyzed by a CFD program. The predicted electric power of micro heater to heat up the sensing material to the target temperature showed a good agreement with the measured data. The design of micro gas sensor could be modified to show more uniform temperature distribution and to consume less electric power by optimizing the layout of micro heater and electrodes.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 1997

준역청탄, 유연탄, 무연탄 및 국내 무연탄을 포함하는 54종의 석탄회분을 대상으로 화학조성 및 광물분석 그리고 용융온도를 측정하여 화학조성이 용융온도에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 석탄회의 구성 산화물중 CaO와 MgO, 그리고 $Fe_2O_3$가 용융온도를 낮추는 산화물임을 알 수 있었다. $Fe_2O_3$에 의한 용융온도 감소 효과는 환원성분위기에서 증가되었다. 산-염기도에서 염기성분의 함량이 증가할수록 용융온도는 감소하였다. 그러나 산-염기도와 용융온도와의 상관관계는 $Fe_2O_3$/CaO비가 증가함에 따라 낮아졌다. 산화성분위기보다는 환원성분위기에서 용융온도가 낮았으며 이때 분위기 변화에 따른 용융온도차는 $Fe_2O_3$의 함량보다는 $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$비와 밀접한 상관성을 보여주었다. 석탄회의 용융온도(연화)를 예측하기 위한 다중회귀분석결과 산화성분위기에서는 Base/Acid, $Fe_2O_3$/CaO, $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$, $(SiO_2/Al_2O_3){\cdot}(Base/Acid)$ 그리고 환원성분위기에서는 Base/Acid, $Fe_2O_3$/CaO, $SiO_2$, $TiO_2$등을 독립변수로 사용함으로써 비교적 상관성이 높은 관계식을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

A triangular fin with variable fin base thickness and base height is analyzed and optimized for the fixed fin base height using a two-dimensional analytical method. At the middle of the fin length, the variation of the temperature along the fin height is listed. The influences of the fin length, base thickness and base height on the heat loss and fin efficiency are analyzed, The optimum heat loss, corresponding optimum efficiency and optimum fin length as a function of the fin base thickness are presented. The optimum heat loss and optimum fin tip length as a function of the convection characteristic number are represented.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권12호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1996

In AlGaAs/GaAs HBT the temperature dependence of DC parameters was investigated over the temperature range between 95K and 580K. The temperature dependence of DC parameters depends on the relative contribution of each of the current components suc as emitter-injection-current, base-injection-current, bulk recombination current, interface recombination curretn, thermal generation ecurrent and avalanche current due to impact ionization within the collector space charge layer in a specific temperature. In this paper we investigated the temperature effects on DC parameters such as V$_{BE,ON}$ current gain, input and output characteristics, V$_{CE, OFF}$, R$_{E}$, R$_{C}$ and analyzed the origins, and extracted the qualitativ econditions for a stable HBTs against the temperature variation. Finally, in order to keep HBTs stable with respect to the variation of temperature, the valance-band-energy-discontinuity at emitter-base heterojunction should be large enough to enhance the effect of carrier suppression at a relatively high temperature. In addition the recombination centers, especially around collector junction, should be removed and the area of emitter and collector junction should be identical as well.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2009

We investigate time-temperature superposition from the viewpoint of geometry. The arc length of viscoelastic plots provides powerful resolution for check of the validity of time-temperature superposition. We also suggest a new algorithm for determination of shift factor which is base on the minimization of the total arc length and does not assume any functional form of viscoelastic function.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.4749-4755
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• 2014

본 연구는 고용량 인버터 등의 열 발생 환경에서 히트싱크의 방열성능을 극대화하기 위한 파라미터 연구의 일환으로 히트싱크 베이스 두께 변화에 대한 방열성능 변화를 조사하였다. 베이스 두께가 각각 5, 9.5 및 14 mm인 히트싱크의 방열성능을 히트싱크 베이스의 윗면 중앙 온도, 히트싱크를 통한 방열량 및 열원부의 온도 등의 세 가지 지표의 비교를 통하여 고찰하였다. 실험연구와 전산유체역학 프로그램을 이용한 해석연구를 병행하여 베이스 두께 변화에 따른 각 방열 성능 지표에 변화가 있음을 확인하였다. 베이스의 윗면 중앙 온도와 방열율은 베이스의 두께가 얇을수록 향상되는 효과를 보였고, 베이스 열원부의 온도는 베이스의 두께가 두꺼울수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 성능 지표의 비교 고찰을 통해 연구에 사용된 세 히트싱크 내에서는 베이스의 두께가 9.5 mm인 히트싱크에서 최적점이 나타났다. 따라서 제한적이지만 본 연구결과 내에서는 9.5 mm 두께의 베이스를 가지는 히트싱크가 최적의 방열 성능을 보이는 것으로 판단되었다.