• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

The thesis is about the development of mathematics starting from the old Greece and the old Babylonia. The modem mathematics has been developed, based on the set theory in the axiomatic method since the 19th century. The primary impetus of this thesis will be to summary the development of topology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6118-6127
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• 2012

The Mesopotamia civilization is developed by physical geography. It began from Sumer civilization at BC 3800 and finished to Assyria and Babylonia civilization at BC 600. Therefore, to examine the changing process of the city of 3,000 years standing, it is important to know the elements of the influence to the initial human civilization and city. This study analyzed the 13 cities, that the city were among the 30 the city in same age. As a result of this study, firstly, functions of the city were gradually transition from the farming culture to the functions of commerce, trade, and military. Secondly, the location of the city was gradually move into northern from southern, it is associated with features of the city. Thirdly, the aspect of urban form, the hills above the city of Tel's shape was gradually coming down to the plains. So later, became a form of urban planning undisturbed terrain. fourthly, urban structure has slowly changed from the temple based city to palace based city.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1562-1571
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• 2005

The use of geogrid for SRW systems and bridge abutment has increased rapidly over the past 10 years in Korea. The concept of segmental retaining walls and reinforced soil is very old and for example The Ziggurats of Babylonia(i.e. Tower of Babel) were built some 2,500 to 3,000 years ago using soil reinforcing methods very similar to those described in current design. Modern SRW(Semental Retaining Wall) units were introduced in 1960's as concrete crib retaining wall systems. In this paper, the friction properties between segmental concrete units and geogrid are investigated by performing various tests.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.223-236
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• 2020

We examine how the formulas of the area and the circumference of a circle related to pi in the ancient Egyptian and the Old Babylonian fields of mathematics have been controversial. In particular, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, Ahmes Papyrus Problem 48 and Moscow Mathematical Papyrus Problem 10 have raised extensive controversy over π. We propose the pi-theory of the Great Pyramid of Khufu as a dynamic symmetry based on Euclid's rectangle. In addition, we argue that the ancient Egyptian or Old Babylonian mathematics influenced Solomon's Molten Sea, Plato and Archimedes' pi.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 1992

(Brazing)에 의한 금속의 접합기술은 이미 BC 3000년경 고대 바빌로니아(Babylonia)에서 귀금 속의 장식품을 만드는데 에 이용되어져 왔다. 근대에 와서는 1950년 후반 N.Redns등의 탄소강의 Ag브레이징을 개발한 이후부터 브레이징에 관한 연구가 활발하게 되었다. 즉, 삽입금속 및 플 락스의 개발, 삽입금속과 모재의 젖음성, 브레이징의 강열법과 분위기 조절, 접합이음부의 설계 등에 대해서 계통적인 연구가 시도되었다. 그 결과, 최근에 이르러서는 스테인레스 파이프의 금브레이징에 의한 로켓트부스타(Rocket Booster)의 제작, LSI의 프린터배선, 파인 세라믹스와 금속을 브레이징하여 소형 자동차의 Turbo Charger Rotar의 제작등에 이용되고 있고, 첨단기 술에 없어서는 안될 중요한 접합기술로 주목을 받고 있다. 선진국에서는 많은 연구 개발의 성 과로 고부가가치 제품의 생산에 활용되고 있지만, 현재 국내에서는 1950년대의 기술수준에 있고, 연구 개발에 대한 업계 및 학계의 관심의 부족하기 때문에 기술축적은 전혀 되어 있지 않다. 특히, Brazing에 관련된 자료나 기초지식을 습득하기 위한 교재도 출판된 것이 없고, 번역된 전문 서적도 구하기가 힘들기 때문에 브레이징 기술에 대한 인식도 낮고, 적재적소에 활용도 되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이와 같은 배경 하에서 저자들은 브레이징에 대해서 관심을 가지는 회원 들에게 조금이나마 도움을 주고자 외국에서 출판된 서적 및 논문 등을 참고로 하여 정리하여 브레이징의 기초와 실제라는 제목으로 4회에 걸쳐서 게재하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

The use of geogrid for SRW systems and bridge abutment has increased rapidly over the past 10 years in Korea. The concept of segmental retaining walls and reinforced soil is very old and for example The Ziggurats of Babylonia(i.e. Tower of Babel) were built some 2,500 to 3,000 years ago using soil reinforcing methods very similar to those described in current design. Modern SRW(Semental Retaining Wall) units were introduced in 1960's as concrete crib retaining wall systems. In this paper, the friction properties between segmental concrete units and geogrid are investigated by performing various tests.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.157-196
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• 2015

The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the most commonly repeated misconceptions on the history of mathematics described in the secondary school mathematics textbooks, and recommend that we should include mathematical transculture in the secondary school mathematics. School mathematical history described in the texts reflects the axial age, and deals with mathematical transculture from the ancient Greek into Europe excluding the ancient Egypt, Old Babylonia, and Islamic mathematics. We discuss about them through out the secondary school textbooks and give some alternatives for the historical problems.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-8
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• 2000

1. Definition : Bee-venom therapy does not involve actual bee-stings: it is a treatment method with acquired bee-venom extract through the electric stimulus on the bee, It is injected subcutaneusly on the acupuncture point after refining, according to the diagnosis of constitution and disease. 2. History : Around 2000 B.C., records that Bee-venom was used for therapy were written in the medical book of Babylonia and Papirus of ancient Egypt. Hippocrates, who is called the father of Medicine, said that Bee-venom is Arcanum, which means mysteric medicine. In Oriental medicine, B.C. 200, there was a clinical record that the meat suspended in front of the bee house on the tree in order to get bee-venom, was attached on the lesion. 3. Mechanism of Action : There are two aspects: 1) The effect of stimulating acupunture point It is similar to the chemical moxa. I think that there are several methods of stimulating the acupuncture point： For example, a simple needle is a mechanical stimulus, Moxa is a heating stimulus and electric and Raser acupunture etc. And another stimulus: in the ancient orient, a chemical stimulus called Chungu(Tianjiu), is attached to the lesions by using grinded insects (ex. Mylaris phalerate PALL.) which have toxin. So Bee venom therapy is similar to this. 2) The effect of biochemical ingredients Bee venom consists of 40 kinds of ingredients. For example, me Iii tin, Apamin, Pospholipase A2, MCD peptide, Adolapin and so on. They have effects which have been proven through experimentation l) tonifying mechanism of the body through increasing hormon secretion 2) tonifying immune system through proliferation of WBC, lymphocytes, macrophage 3) anti-inflammatory reaction Therefore Bee venom therapy is the representative 3rd Medicine, which combined East & West medicine. 4. Application of disease : L.B.P and HIVD, O.A, R.A, degenerative arthritis, shoulder pain and other pain diseases. 5. Therapic methods : According to constitution and disease, proper concentration of bee venom is injected on acupunture point, 2 times a week. Generally one term is consisted of 15times. 6. Contraindication : Heart disease, TBc, DM, kidney disease(nephritis), pregnancy, woman in menstruation 3-4 persons per 100,000 persons may have severe allergic reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.3
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• pp.29-46
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• 1980

The purpose of this thesis is to find out how the upper garment styles in the Ancient East and est had been influenced with each other. Analytical studies conclude the fellowing findings: 1) Upper garment styles in the feat Asia and the Egypt already highly developed in 28th century B.C. and show us the original style of the wrap-over to the left and that of the round neckline(曲領). Upper garment of the open in the center front shown in Babylonia in 18th century B.C. had been inherited to the caftan of the Hebrew and later succeeded to the Persia. 2) The tunic styles of the round neckline, the wrap-over to the left and the open in the cotter front, which were the basic styles of the upper garment, had teen widely accepted to the central Asia and the East Asia, as well as the Northern Europe, from the West Asia. 3) The styles of the wrap-over to the right originated from China since it had begun to show in the Shang Dynasty(商代, 殷代). 4) The East and the West costumes had been very much intermixed in 4th century B.C. Alexander the Great of Macedoria in 4th century B.C. expanded his territory to the central Asia and built up the Bacteria, when the most western civilization had been greatly transmitted to the Orient. Meanwhile the tunic being clad in the West and Central Asia began to be worn by soldiers in the period of the Warring States in China (326-299 B.C.) and afterwards worn even by civil officials since the age of the T'ang Dynasty of China. 5) The Upper garments of the open in the center front, the wrap-over to the right, the wrap-over to the left and the round neckline were found in Korea, which mean that the upper garment styles in the Ancient Korea were intermixed of the factors from the West Asia, the central Asia and the East Asia. 6) The styles of costume in the East Asia were influenced by the West Asia through the central Asia. The upper garment styles Europe were also influenced by the West Asia. Thus the upper garment styles in the Ancient East and West had been mutually affected with each other.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of common fodder tree leaves with goats fed at 50% of total ration. In experiment 1, leaves from six fodder tree species i.e., Ailanthus aitissima, Elaeagnus angustifolic, Morus alba (Mulberry), Populus spp, Robina pseudoacacia and Salix babylonia were harvested in spring and winter from northern areas of Pakistan. Chemical composition and apparent in situ dry matter digestibility (DMD) of fodder tree leaves were measured. Results showed that crude protein (CP) values were higher (p<0.05) in all the species during spring compared to winter (17.9% vs 12.0%). The concentration of NDF in Elaeagnus and Robinia was higher in spring, whereas no seasonal difference was found in other species. In situ DMD was higher (p<0.05) in Ailanthus and Populus at spring while it was higher (p<0.05) in Elaeagnus, Mulberry and Robinia at winter. There was no (p<0.05) seasonal effect on in situ DMD of Salix. In experiment II, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations viz., A, B, C and D were prepared containing 50% (winter harvested) sun dried leaves of Salix, Robinia, Mulberry and Elaeagnus, respectively and 50% concentrate. Dry matter and crude protein intakes were higher (p<0.05) given ration A (Salix) whereas DM and CP digestibility was lowest (p<0.05) given ration B. Nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) given ration A. Goats fed on fodder tree leaves and concentrate showed moderate intake and digestibility.