• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.496-505
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• 2020

Background: Panax ginseng is a marvelous herbal remedy for all ailments of body. That may be why it is called Panax, which means "cure for all". Melanin is a pigment that gives color to our skin; however, increased melanin production can lead to tumor formation. Human exposure to ultraviolet B radiation has increased extensively owing to the increased sunlight due to global warming. Consequently, a phenomenon called photoaging has been observed for all skin colors and types. As a result of this phenomenon, a set of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, which serve as degradation enzymes for extracellular matrix proteins, mainly collagen, is increased, causing depletion of collagen and resulting in early wrinkle formation. Methods: Therefore, in our study, we used the murine melanoma cell line B16/F10 to study the inhibition of melanogenesis by Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract in vitro and HRM-2 hairless mice exposed to artificial ultraviolet B to examine the efficacy of KRG in vivo. We prepared a 3% red ginseng extract cream and evaluated its effects on human skin. Results: Our results demonstrated that KRG induced potent suppression of tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells; moreover, it reduced the transcription and translation of components involved in the melanin production pathway. In the in vivo experiments, KRG potently suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, reduced wrinkle formation, and inhibited collagen degradation. On human skin, ginseng cream increased skin resilience and skin moisture and enhanced skin tone. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that KRG is an excellent skin whitening and antiaging product.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2006

To investigate anti-cancer effects of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture and mitigation of anti-cancer drug when taken concurrently, cancer cells from B16/F10 melanoma were injected intraperitoneally in C57BL/6. After inducing cancer, anti-cancer effects and mitigation of reproductive toxicity of Doxorubicin were evaluated. 1. For changes in weight, Doxorubicin treated group showed significant decrease, and administration of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture didn't cause any weight change. 2. Volume of tumor was significantly reduced in Doxorubicin teated group. Wild ginseng herbal acupuncture groups showed slight decrease but insignificant compared to the control group. 3. For hematological evaluation, Doxorubicin only group's reticulocytes were significantly decreased compared to the control group, and Platelet Count was significantly increased. Wild ginseng herbal acupuncture group showed significant increase of Neutrophils and significant decrease of Lymphocytes compared to the control group. 4. For histological evaluation of the tumor, necrosis occurred in a wide range in the Doxorubicin treated group. Wild ginseng herbal acupuncture didn't cause much histological changes. 5. For histological evaluation of the testis, seminiferous tubules of the control group suffered severe damage on epithelial cells. When wild ginseng herbal acupuncture was administered concurrently, damage on the seminiferous tubules was significantly inhibited compared to the Doxorubicin only group. 6. Diameter of seminiferous tubules and spermatogonia count were insignificant between the experiment groups. 7. For BrdU positive reaction of testicle tissue, Doxorubicin only group failed to show any reaction of spermatogonia, but spermatocytes and spermatids showed slight positive reaction. When wild ginseng herbal acupuncture was treated concurrently, much greater positive reaction was made but similar to that of the control and normal groups. 8. For observation of changes in BrdU spermatogonia count of the testicle tissue, Doxorubicin only group didn't show any positive reaction, and relative increase was shown in the group with concurrent administration of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture. 9. For observation of TUNEL positive reaction cells of the testicle tissue, no significant changes were witnessed in all the experiment groups.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 식물 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성 및 tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 식물 추출물의 폴리페놀물질의 총 함량은 Acer psedo-siebolianum의 추출물이 16.4 mg/g로 가장 높은 추출량을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성 측정에서는 Acer ginnala 에서 $IC_{50}$값으로 $21.3\;{\mu}g/mL$으로 가장 좋은 활성을 나타내었다. 반면에 L-DOPA를 기질로 하여 mushroom tyrosinase의 활성 억제측정에서는 Distylum racemosum 1,000 mg에서 49.1%로 다른 추출물에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 활성 억제력이 가장 높은 D. racemosum의 추출물을 이용하여 ethanol 분획과 ethyl acetate 분획으로 분리하여, 이중 D. racemosum의 ethanol 분획에서 항산화 활성 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $0.9\;{\mu}g/mL$, tyrosinase 활성억제는 $IC_{50}$값이 $118.1\;{\mu}g/mL$로 ethyl actate 분획보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 ethanol 분획을 이용하여 B16/F1 melanoma cell에서는 $60\;{\mu}g/mL$까지는 세포독성을 나타내지 않았으며 $80\;{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 약간의 세포독성을 나타내었다. 에탄올 분획을 이용한 세포내 melanin 색소의 생산억제 $IC_{50}$값은 $75.4\;{\mu}g/mL$로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과로 D. racemosum의 에탄올 추출물이 B16/F1 melanoma cell세포의 melanin색소합성대사에 관여하여 색소합성을 저해하는 것으로 보인다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2015

In this study, we used the mixture made from the Rice bran 45 ㎏, Dendropanax 5 ㎏, the sugar of the 10% of the total weight, and the enzyme of the 0.1% of the total weight. After the mixture were fermented for 90 days under 20 $^{\circ}C$, we measured the cell viability and the inhibition rate of the melanin biosynthesis, the activity of tyrosinase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in malignant melanoma, B16F10 cells, in order to survey the whitening effect and the mechanism of the effects on the sample. As a result, the samples significantly suppressed the cell viability of B16F10 in more than 500 ${{\mu}g}$/㎖ and significantly inhibited the generation of melanin induced by ${\alpha}$-MSH in more than 1,000 ${{\mu}g}$/㎖. Sample decreased the activity of tyrosinase while increased the activity of SOD in dose dependent manner. Therefore, we considered that the fermentation extract made from a Rice bran and Dendropanax will be able to produce high value-added products, if used as a commercial.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2019

Purpose: Barely sprout is a well-known oriental herbal medicine with a wide range of health benefits. Recent studies have provided scientific evidence of its therapeutic effects with expanded application. This study investigated anti-melanogenic effect of barley sprout water extract (BSE) in murine melanocyte B16F10. Methods: Various concentrations (0, 50, 125, and $250{\mu}g/mL$) of BSE and arbutin (150 ppm) were applied to B16F10 stimulated with or without alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (100 nM) for 72 hours. The whitening potency of BSE was determined altered cellular melanin contents. Activity and expression of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were also assayed. Results: Experimental results revealed that treatment with BSE reduced cellular melanin production by approximately 40% compared to the control. Molecular findings supported that suppressed activity and expression of tyrosinase and MITF proteins by BSE were associated with declined cellular melanogenesis. Furthermore, anti-melanogenic effect of BSE ($250{\mu}g/mL$) was similar to that of arbutin, a commonly used whitening agent. Lastly, polyphenols including p-coumaric, ferulic, and vanillic acids were identified in BSE using HPLC analyses. They might be potential active ingredients showing such melanogenesis-reducing effect. Conclusion: BSE was evident to possess favorable anti-melanogenic potency in an in vitro model. As a natural food sourced material, BSE could be an effective depigmentation agent with potential application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1115-1123
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• 2015

본 연구는 연잎 추출물의 미백 화장품 첨가물로서 사용이 가능한지를 연구하였다. 연잎 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정하게 위해 전자공여능 측정, xanthine oxidase 억제 효과 실험을 실시하였고, 미백활성을 알아보기 위하여 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정하여 1,000 μg/ml의 농도에서 42.7%의 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 연잎 추출물에 대한 세포생존율을 MTT assay로 측정한 결과 1,000 μg/ml 농도에서 81.61%를 이상의 세포생존율을 확인할 수 있었다. 미백 관련 인자인 MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2 및 tyrosinase의 단백질 발현과 mRNA 발현 억제를 25, 50, 100 μg/ml 농도에서 측정하였다. MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2 및 tyrosinase의 단백질 발현은 100 μg/ml 농도에서 각각 69.6%, 27.7%, 67.3%, 67.8%의 저해 효과를 나타내었고, MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2 및 tyrosinase의 mRNA발현은 100 μg/ml 농도에서 각각 67.5%, 71.4%, 85.7%, 83.6%의 억제를 나타내었다. 이러한 연구결과를 보았을 때, 연잎 추출물이 항산화 및 미백활성에 효과를 나타내었고, 화장품 첨가물로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.813-820
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• 2013

울릉도 자생 삼나물(Aruncus dioicus)은 최근 monoterpenoids 생리활성 물질이 밝혀지면서 여러 가지 항산화와 관련된 생리활성이 확인되고 있다. 삼나물 ethyl acetate 분획물에 의한 미백효과를 검증하기 위하여 흑색세포종인 B16F10을 이용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 삼나물 ethyl acetate 분획물(ADE)의 세포독성을 측정하기 위하여 MTT assay를 실시한 결과, ADE $500{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ 이상의 농도에서 미비한 세포독성(10% 이상)을 확인하였으며, 이후 실험에서는 5, 10, $50{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ 농도가 세포 내에서 tyrosinase 활성과 멜라닌 양의 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과 ADE 농도에 따라 tyrosinase 활성이 감소하고 총 멜라닌 함량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 $50{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$에서 35.6% tyrosinase 활성억제, 58.8% 멜라닌 함량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 ADE에 의해 미백과 관련된 tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1(TRP1), TRP2, microphthalmia associated transcription factor(MITF) 및 그 상위 단계인 cAMP와 protein kinase A(PKA)의 단백질 양이 감소하여 cAMP response binding protein(CREB)의 인산화는 감소하고 extracellular signal related kinase(ERK)의 인산화는 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 울릉도 자생 삼나물의 미백효과에 관한 효능을 확인하고 기능성화장품의 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1281-1291
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• 2005

Chungpae-tang is suggested to have the antitumor activity on lung cancer. This study was peformed to investigate apoptotic effect in vitro and antitumor effect and immune response after injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells and Chungpae-tang into a tail vein of C57BL/6 mice and administratition of Chungpae-tang in A549 human lung cancer cell line in vivo, respectively. Experimental studies were obtained by measuring the median survival time and cytokine expression through RT-PCR, and ELISA assay. The results were summarized as follows: 5 mg/ml of Chungpae-tang causing DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 enzyme activation, PARP fragmentation, and cytochrome c release, suggested that Chungpae-tang has in vitro apoptotic effect in A549 human lung cancer cell line in the apoptosis-induced experiment. The median survival time of the Chungpae-tang treated group was 21 days and that of control group was 22 days, suggesting that the median survival time between the Chungpae-tang treated group and the control group was not significant. Cytokine expression between the Chungpae-fang treated group and the control group was noticeable, but was not significant in the RT-PCR. In the ELISA assay, IL-2 productivity in the Chungpae-tang treated group was to increase more than that in the normal group (p<0.05) and was no significant between the Chungpae-tang treated group and the control group. $INF-\gamma$ productivity of the control group decreased more than that of the normal group (p<0.05) and that of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the control group (p<0.05). IL-12 productivity of the control group increased more than that of the normal group (p<0.05) and that of the Chungpae-tang-treated group decreased more than that of the control group (p<0.05) and the normal group. IL-4 productivity of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the normal group and the control group (p<0.05). IL-10 productivity of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the normal group and the control group (p<0.05). Accordingly the results show Chungpae-tang could induce apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cell line and bring to antitumor effect and immune response against injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells into a tail vein of C57BL/6 mice but it needs more research on the precise mechanism of such effects.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.812-817
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• 2012

본 연구는 비타민 나무(Hippophae rhamnoides L.) 열매 추출물의 약리 활성 효과인 항산화 활성과 미백 효과의 유효성을 알아보기 위해 DPPH 소거능, tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과 및 세포 내 멜라닌 생합성 억제 효과를 연구하였다. 비타민 나무 열매 추출물의 DPPH 소거능은 비교군인 ascorbic acid와 유사하게 높은 항산화 효과를 보여주었다. 또한 tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과는 $100{\mu}g/mL$와 $500{\mu}g/mL$에서 52.1%와 73.4%로 나타나 비타민 나무 열매 추출물의 미백 작용에 있어 tyrosinase 활성 억제와 항산화 작용이 관련이 있다고 사료된다. 세포 내 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 측정한 결과는 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과가 시료농도 5, 10, 50, $500{\mu}g/mL$에서 48, 43, 47, 56%를 나타내 미백 효과가 우수한 arbutin보다 효과가 높게 나타났다. 활성산소를 제거하는 것이 멜라닌 색소 형성 억제에 효과적이라는 연구 보고(Miyazawa & Tamura 2007)에 근거하여 볼 때 본 실험 결과에서 항산화 효과가 우수한 ascorbic acid과 유사한 항산화 효과를 나타내었는데 이는 피부 내 활성산소를 제거하여 멜라닌 색소 형성 억제 작용에 의한 미백 효과를 추측할 수 있었다. 그리고 tyrosinase 억제 효과의 실험 결과 역시 멜라닌 색소 형성을 억제시키고 여러 단계의 기작으로 인하여 미백 작용을 나타내는데 중요한 역할을 하게 될 것이라는 결론을 얻었다. 이상의 결과에서 비타민, 미네랄, 아미노산 성분이 풍부한 비타민 나무 열매 추출물은 미백 효과와 항산화 효과에 의한 멜라닌 색소 형성 억제 작용이 우수한 기능성 천연 원료로써 미백 화장품으로 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2012

본 연구는 더위지기의 항산화 및 미백제로서의 유효성을 알아보기 위해 100% 에탄올과 물을 이용한 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, 전자공여능, tyrosinase 활성 저해효과 및 세포내 멜라닌 생합성 억제효과를 조사하였다. 유용한 생리활성을 가질 것으로 예상되는 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 실험한 결과 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 에탄올 추출물에서 547.96, 65.93 mg/g, 물 추출물에서 610.45, 82.86 mg/g으로 확인하였으며 더위지기의 에탄올 추출물과 물 추출물 모두 200 mg/g 이상의 높은 폴리페놀을 함유하는 것을 확인하였다. 항산화능을 평가하기 위해 DPPH를 이용한 전자공여능 실험 결과 더위지기의 에탄올 추출물에서 $SC_{50}$값이 17.1 ppm으로 물 추출물의 198.4 ppm 보다 약 11배 높은 것을 확인하였다. 미백제로의 효능을 알아보고자 실행한 tyrosinase 활성 저해 및 세포내 멜라닌 생합성 억제에 관한 결과 더위지기의 에탄올 추출물에서 tyrosinase 활성억제농도($IC_{50}$)은 481.8 ppm, 멜라노사이트에 50 ppm 농도로 처리하였을 때 멜라닌 생성억제 효과가 36.8%로 높은 효과를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과에 따르면 더위지기의 에탄올 추출물의 경우 항산화제 및 미백제로서 큰 가능성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.