• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 1999

교정 증례의 분석 및 예후 추정은 두개골의 수평 및 수직적인 관계가 동시에 고려되는 입체적 관점에서 평가되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성장이 완료된 성인 남녀 각 100명을 추출하여 두부 방사선 사진을 채득한 후 하안면 고경과 상안면 고경의 비율로 안모의 수직적 형태를 구분하여 군을 설정하였으며 이들 군간의 골격 및 치조골의 크기와 위치 관계를 비교하고 상호 관련성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치조고경, 안면 고경, lower gonial angle, 그리고 FMA항목에서 하안면 고경이 큰 군의 것이 작은 군에 비하여 유의하게 크게 나타났다. 2. 치조고경, 안면고경, 하악지 고경, 그리고 Jarabak ratio항목에서 남성이 여성에 비하여 유의하게 크게 나타났다. 3. 치성 및 골격성의 수직계측항목과 UAFH/LAFH의 상관관계 조사에서 치조고경, 안면고경, lower gonial angle, FMA, 그리고 $Bj\"{o}rk's$ Sum 항목이 UAFH/LAFH와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2000

Orthodontic treatment in conjunction with second-molar extraction has been a controversial issue among orthodontists over many decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of upper second molar extraction cases. The sample included 19 upper second molar extraction orthodontic cases(ten Angle's Class I's and nine Class II's, average age=13Y 6M) cared at Kyung-Hee University Department of Orthodontics. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and immediately after treatment. Seventy-nine points were digitized on each cephalogram and 38 cephalometric parameters were computed comprising 22 angular measurements, 13 linear measurements, and 3 facial proportions. The data obtained from each malocclusion group were analyzed by paired t-test. The statistical results disclosed that there was no significant change in skeletal pattern after treatment except for that accountable by growth while there was statistically significant change in dentoalveolar and soft tissue patterns. There were no significant changes in Bjork sum, posterior facial height /anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height /anterior facial height. No significant changes in anteroposterior position of maxilla and palatal plane were manifested. Although facial axis and lower facial height was slightly increased and the mandible was rotated backward and downward, there was no remarkable change in the mandibular plane. There were statistically significant changes in distal movement of upper first molar, molar key correction and overjet reduction while there was no change in the occlusal plane. The upper lip was slightly retracted simultaneously with slight increase in nasolabial angle. These results signify that distalization of upper dentition with the second molar extraction does change occlusal relationship without gross modifications in the craniofacial skeletal configurationson. Henceforth the second molar extracted would be recommended to treat severe anterior crowding and protrusion with minor skeletal discrepancy.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic preference for various Korean silhouette profiles. Methods: The Korean average male and female profiles were modified by changing the lower facial height and anteroposterior lip position to produce nine types of profiles. In order to test intrarater reliability, the average profile was copied once more to be included for evaluation. A questionnaire containing 10 profiles for each sex, each of which had to be rated for preference on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, was administered to 30 adult orthodontic patients, 30 dental students, 30 orthodontists, and 30 dentists excluding orthodontists. The data were statistically analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The ICC of overall intrarater reliability was 0.629. For several profiles, significantly higher scores were given to male profiles than to female profiles (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the scores for all profiles among the four rater groups. Among the short profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the retruded profile, and among the vertically average and long profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the horizontally average profile (p < 0.001). Among all the profiles, significantly lower scores were given to the protruded profile (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study revealed good overall intrarater reliability, with several types of male profiles being esthetically preferred over female profiles. Moreover, while retruded and horizontally average profiles were generally preferred, protruded profiles were not.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes of the alveolar bone and interdental bone septum of the mandibular incisors through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after orthodontic treatment of mandibular dental crowding without dental extraction. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 64 CBCT images(32 pre-treatment and 32 post-treatment) from 32 adult patients with class I malocclusion and an average age of 23.0±3.9 years. The width and height of the alveolar bone and interdental septum, the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial and lingual bone crests, and the inclination of the mandibular incisors were measured. Results: The distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side increased significantly (P<0.05). An increased distance between the CEJ and the bone crest on the facial and lingual sides showed a correlation with the irregularity index (P<0.05); however, no significant association was observed with increasing mandibular incisor inclination (P>0.05). The change in the distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side was correlated significantly with bone septum height(P<0.05). Conclusion: Bone dehiscence developed during the treatment of crowding without extraction only on the incisors' facial side. Increasing proclination of the mandibular incisor was not correlated with bone dehiscence. The degree of dental crowding assessed through the irregularity index was associated with the risk of developing bone dehiscence. The interdental septum reflected facial marginal bone loss in the mandibular incisors.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was planned to clarify a negative view of chewing gum due to the concern that continuous gum chewing might cause a change in the gonial angle and make the lower facial appearance look square. Materials and Methods: We had 25 adults (13 males and 12 females, with an average of 27.3 years) chew 6 g of gum (spearmint) evenly with both right and left posterior teeth for one hour per day for three months. We then measured their gonial angle, the inclination of occlusal plane, facial height, bone marrow density, and masticatory force before chewing, 1, 2, and 3 month after chewing to verify its significance statistically. Result: The results showed that the gonial angle increased from $122.7^{\circ}$ to $123.3^{\circ}$ (P>0.05), and thus the jaws became slightly slimmer. There was no change in the occlusal plane inclination and facial height. Meanwhile bone marrow density in the mandibular angle and ascending ramus increased from $0.285g/cm^2$ to $0.290g/cm^2$ (P<0.05), and masticatory force also increased by 0.5 kg on the right side and 0.8 kg on the left side (P<0.05). Conclusion: Continuous chewing of gum gives an appropriate exercise effect to the stomatognathic system. As chewing gum has effect on increase bone marrow density without changing the mandibular angle and facial appearance the claim that jaw bone changes to a square jaw through chewing gum is regarded to be groundless.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.287-297
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• 1995

경북대학교 치과 대학에서 두개안면골 성장에 관한 누년적 연구의 일환으로 남자 25명, 여자 21명을 대상으로 평균 연령 8.5세에서 16.5세까지 격년 간격으로 촬영한 두부X선 규격사진을 이용하여 Ricketts분석법의 항목중 V.T.O.작성의 초기 단계인 치료전의 성장 예견시에 필요한 각도 및 거리 계측 항목을 선정 계측하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 계측항목중 연령에 따른 변화를 보이지 않는 항목은 성장 방향을 나타내는 facial axis angle, FH to palatal plane angle, BA-NA-A angle, lower facial height 및 lower incisor protrusion이었다. 2. 연령에 따라 지속적으로 증가하는 항목(anterior and posterior cranial base length, facial axis length, condyle axis length, corpus axis length)에서 연간 성장 변화량, 평균 연성장량 및 8년간 변화량을 구하였다. 3. 연령에 따라 지속적으로 증가하는 모든 계측 항목에서 12세 이후의 대부분의 연간 성장변화량, 평균 연성장량 및 8년간 변화량에서 남녀간 유의차를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 4. 남녀별로 각 연령에서 각 계측치의 평균치를 이용하여 visual norm을 작성하였다. 남자의 경우 각 기간동안 상당한 성장을 보였으며 특히 12-14세 기간에 가장 많은 성장을 나타내었고, 여자의 성장 변화에서는 10-12세 사이에서 가장 많은 성장을 나타내었으며 이후 점차 감소를 보였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.937-946
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• 1998

전치부 개교를 동반하는 수직적으로 긴 안모는 임상교정에서 치료하기 어려운 증례중 하나이다. 이런 증례의 특징을 찾기 위한 많은 시도가 있었으나 골격 및 치성 요소에 대한 개별 파악이 이루어지지 않음으로써 일관된 설명 없이 혼돈 만 초래하게 되었을 뿐이다. .수직적으로 긴 안모의 두부방사선계측학적 륵징을 확인하기 위하여 Sn-GoGn 각에 따라 구분된 109개의 치료 전 두부방사선사진 (35 수직군, 37 평균군, 37 수평군)을 분석하여 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 발견하였다. 수직적으로 긴 안모일수록 전안모고경, 특히 하전안모고경이 증가하며 후안모고경은 짧아지고, 모든 치조골, 특히 상악에서 의 두께가 깊어진다. 또한 모든 골격적 각계측항목이 커지는데 특히 lower genial angle의 상관성이 컸다. 한편 상악 전치는 점점 설측경사되었고 하악 전치는 순측경사되는 경향을 보였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1987

Diagnosis and treatment plans of patients are depended on cephalogram in most case. However, conventional cephalogram may change diagnosis because it ignores a conception of natural head position. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of head positions between conventional X-ray taking and x-ray taking in natural head position, and correlation between above results and craniofacial morphology, 60 male students in dental college, Yon sei Univ. were selected, and every cephalogram is studied by comparison of the change of head position. The results are as follows. 1. When taking X-ray by using conventional method, external auditary meatus FH was more tilted than ear rod FM by $2.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.8$ in forward and downward direction. 2. As facial form becomes concave, natural head position and head position, appeared in X-ray taking by using conventional method, become more similiar. 3. Change in head position had showed high correlations with facial form (N-A-Pog angle), and there was high significance to concave group when compared with average group, but significance to convex group was not found. 4. Multiple regression equation concerning change of head position was solved. ${\Delta}FH=24.5\;+\;0.31$ NAPog + 0.43 Prominence of Chin + 0.13 Facial length -0.32 Anterior facial height.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7-20
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• 1989

A serial cephalometric study was undertaken to define the growth of the soft tissue facial profile in Korean children. The sample was composed of 25 males and 15 females for whom yearly cephalometric records were taken from the ages of 6 to 13 years. From the tracings, points on skeletal and soft tissue profiles were located and recorded on magnetic tape utilizing a Calcomp Talos RP660 X-Y digitizer. Linear and angular measurements of soft tissues were made directly from tape in a Cyber 174-16 computer after cephalometric enlargement had been corrected. A statistical evaluation was made of the data and the average profile diagrams in male and female were described by a Calcomp 960 pen plotter. On the basis of the findings of this study, the following trends were established. 1. The most prominent growth in soft tissue facial profile thickness was the nose and the least was the forehead. 2. The general growth direction of the soft facial tissue to the cranium described the downward and forward. 3. The degree of soft tissue facial convexity was decidely more than that exhibited earlier in life even though the soft tissue chin had protruded to the cranium. 4. The measurements indicated a general tendency for males to have larger nose and more convex and long soft tissue facial profile than did females. 5. Males showed significantly more growth than females in base of the upper lip and height of the upper anterior facial profile. 6. There was a difference between males and females in the rates of soft tissue facial profile growth. 7. Korean children showed less convex in the soft tissue profile convexity than did American children.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

성장기 아동에서 외상, 유전적 질환 erosion, 다발성 우식증에 의해 1대구치의 조기상실 등이 야기되어 수직고경이 상실된 경우를 드물지 않게 발견할 수 있다. 이러한 수직고경이 상실된 환아에게는 저작력 저하 안모의 상실, 발음 이상, 저작근의 경련, 턱관절 장애 등이 발생할 수 있으며 중심교합을 상실한 경우 저작기능의 큰 저해요인이 될 수 있다. 성인의 경우 생리적 안정위, 평균적인 치조제간의 거리. 최대 교합력 등이 수직고경을 회복하는데 기준이 되나 소아환자의 기준에 대한보고는 미흡한 실정이다. 대부분의 증례에서 전치부는 celluloid crown form을 이용한 레진관, 유구치는 stainless steel crown으로 수복한 것으로 보고되었으나 수직고경의 기준은 제시되지 않고 있다. 본 증례에서는 다발성 치아 우식증으로 인하여 모든 유구치와 3개의 제 1대구치가 조기 상실되어 수직고경과 중심교합을 상실한 환아에서, 의도된 악관관계를 재현하고 그에 따라 제작한 가철성 장치를 이용하여 양호한 결과를 얻었다.