• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제59권7호
• /
• pp.1327-1331
• /
• 2010

Association rules are very useful and interesting patterns for discovering preferences of each person in digital-content services. The Apriori algorithm is an influential algorithm for mining frequent itemsets for association rules. However, since this algorithm does not take into account reference times of each content as an important support factor, it cannot be used to extract associations among time-based data. This paper proposes an augmented Apriori algorithm discovers association rules using both frequencies and usage times of each item.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.577-586
• /
• 2001

최근의 데이타베이스 연구 분야에서는 대규모의 데이타베이스에 저장된 데이타를 분석하여 데이타베이스에 존재하지만 쉽게 드러나지 않는 암시적인 지식을 탐사하는 기술인 데이타마이닝이 각광받 고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 데이타 마이닝의 기법 중의 하나인 연관 규칙 탐사 기법온 연구하며 비록 데이타베이스에서 희소하게 나타나는 데이타이지만 임의의 데이타와 높온 비율로 동시에 나타나는 의미 있는 희소 데이타를 고려한 연관 규칙 탐사 기법을 제안한다. 또한 이러한 희소 항목의 탐사에 대하여 기 존의 연판 규칙 탐사 알고리즘과 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 비교하여 평가한다.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2006

지리 정보에 대한 관심이 증가되면서 이러한 연구와 활용 분야도 다양해지고 있다. OGC(Open GIS Consortium)에서는 XML(Extensible Markup Language)을 GIS 분야에 도입한 GML(Geography Markup Language)을 개발하였으며 여러 활용 분야에서 GML을 사용하고 계속적으로 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 XML 문서를 기반으로 연구되었던 데이터 마이닝 방법 중 하나인 연관규칙 기법(Apriori)을 GML 문서들에 사용하여 의미 있는 규칙을 찾아내려 한다. 규칙을 찾는 방법에는 2가지가 있을 수 있다. 하나는 GML 문서에서 내용만을 뽑아내어 그에 따른 규칙을 찾아내는 방법이고, 다른 하나는 GML 문서에서 사용된 태그와 속성을 기반으로 규칙을 찾아내는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 2가지 방법을 통해 규칙을 찾는 것에 대하여 기술하고 2가지 방법을 적용한 시스템을 보일 것이다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.895-907
• /
• 1997

연관규칙(asscociation rule) 탐사(mining)는 대용량 데이타베이스로부터 사건간의 동시 발생 경향을 발견하는 작업이다. 기존의 연관규칙은 전체 트랜잭션에 대하여 성립하는 사건 간의 연관 관계만을 고려하고 있다. 그러나 어떤 연관규칙은 비록 전체 시간구간에 대해서는 신뢰도가 그리 높지 않더라도 특징 기간에서 특별히 강한 신뢰도로 성립할 수 있고, 이러한 정보를 알 수 있다면 의사 결정에 매우 유용하리라고 생각한다. 본 논문 에서는 임의의 부분 시간구간에서 특별히 높은 신뢰도를 갖는 연관성을 한시적 연관규칙(transient assosiation rule)이라 정의하고, 대용량의 데이타베이스로부터 한시적 연관규칙이 성립하는 시간구간을 탐사하는 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 불필요한 구간 검색을 배제할 수 있는 데이타 주도(data-driven) 검색 기법을 제시하고, 한 번의 데이타베이스 스캐닝(scaning)으로 다음 단계의 검색에 필요한 정보를 획득하여 주기억장치 상에 관리할 수 있도록 하는 효과적인 자료구조를 설계한다. 아울러 실험을 통해, 제안 알고리즘이 현장에 적용할 만한 시간 비용으로 수행됨을 보인다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.21-54
• /
• 2011

International commercial arbitration has established itself as the primary dispute resolution mechanism for international business transactions. Certainly, there are commonly-accepted standards that have evolved to reflect an internationally-harmonized approach to issues relating to the taking of evidence. This is reflected in International Bar Association("IBA") Rules for Taking of Evidence in International Evidence("IBA Rules"). This IBA Rules were revised in 2010. Designed to assist parties in determining what procedures to use in their particular case, IBA Rules present some of the methods for conducting international arbitration proceedings. Parties and arbitral tribunals may adopt IBA Rules in whole or in part - at the time of drafting the arbitration clause in a contract or once an arbitration commences - or they may use them as guidelines. They supplement applicable national laws and institutional or ad hoc rules. The IBA Rules were an ambitious undertaking, designed to overcome fundamental cultural differences relating to the taking of evidence under different national court systems. While it is difficult to assess how frequently the IBA Rules are actually adopted by parties, it is fair to say that they have had a considerable influence on the practice of taking evidence in international arbitration. This article mainly describes the essential provisions of IBA Rules, as revised in 2010, including but not limited to production of document, witnesses of fact, party-appointed experts, and tribunal-appointed experts. It also provides a comparison of relevant procedural rules of civil law and common law systems to each of the above mentioned provisions. It is important for arbitration practitioners to understand the differences in the taking of evidence under civil law and common law systems, respectively. This article will be helpful for practitioners and academics not only to understand the revised IBA Rules themselves but also to prepare for, and adequately deal with, the frictions that may arise as a result of the differences in approach for taking evidences. Indeed, so prepared, the arbitration practitioner will be able to anticipate the expectations, perceptions and the conduct of the parties, their counsel and the tribunal members.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2013

The purpose of the study was to make an improvement of residential management regulations so that the inhabitants of rental housing can manage their housing in efficient and transparent manners by comparing and analyzing in standard management rules of rental housing. The research method were as follows: 1) The analysis framework utilized result of preceding research composed 6 types of management works and 36 items of subcategories by researcher 2) The standard management rules of rental housing used analysis utilized to draw up after a revision of Rental Housing Act in 2000 and to operate in management of rental housing now. 3) The analysis method used content analysis. The management rules of rental housing utilized a total of 5 rules such as management rules of SH corporation (2011), LH corporation (2000), peoples' solidarity for participatory democracy (2000), Citizens' Alliance (2000) and Gyeonggi-do (2001). The research result were as follows: 1) Overall, the management rules of rental housing included faithfully works of operation management and administration management 2) The type of operation management regulated centrally items related resident committee. and The type of administration management regulated centrally items related accounting management. 3) The management rules of SH corporation and LH corporation regulated centrally operation management, maintenance management and etiquette for the basic living as compared with the other rules.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.33-54
• /
• 2008

The KCAB enacted their new international arbitration rules(the KCAB rules) in 2007 wheres The CIETAC revised their arbitration rules(the CIETAC new rules) in 2005. This article investigates some practical problems on both rules respectively and helps trading companies to proceed arbitration by these rules. This study finds some problems as follows. There are the following problems in KCAB rules. First, application fee is too expensive fee. So KCAB should cut down their application fee. Second, if there is no agreement on number of arbitrators, the arbitration is processed by sole arbitrator. But it is very difficult for sole arbitrator to process international arbitration due to characteristics of international arbitration such as complexity of case and a large sum of claim. Third, a period of selection of arbitrator is long. In view of developing of communication means, this period is needed more short. In the meantimes, there are the following problems in CIETAC rules. First, though the CIETAC new rules enlarges the right of parties autonomy such as selection of arbitration rules or revise of it, China arbitration Act stipulates a institute arbitration which restrict partie's autonomy. Second, if there is no agreement on arbitrators, the CIETAC appoints chair of tribural in three arbitrators ion or sole arbitrators. is processed by sole arbitrator. Third, a draft of arbitral award is checked by the CIETAC in advance. Especially, the two latter problems is possible for foreigners to have doubts of fairness of CIETAC arbitration. Becuase the CIETAC is not a complete independent private institution. Consequently, I suggest that Korean trading companies should examine problems of these two arbitration rules carefully, and select a most appropriate rules for settlement of their disputes with Chines companies.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.60-64
• /
• 2010

비 트랜잭션 데이터를 대상으로 연관 규칙을 도출하기 위해서, 데이터의 속성들을 구간화하는 기법들이 활발하게 연구되었다. 이러한 기존의 연구들은 구간화 단계에서 구간 범위의 변화에 따른 연관 규칙의 신뢰도 변화를 반영하지 않고, 구간화 단계와 연관 규칙을 도출하는 단계들을 독립적으로 수행하였다. 이로 인해 속성들의 구간이 부적절하게 설정되고, 이 결과 높은 신뢰도를 갖는 연관 규칙들이 최종 결과에서 누락된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 속성들을 구간화하는 단계와 연관 규칙들을 도출하는 단계를 병합하여 동시에 수행함으로써, 가장 신뢰도가 높은 연관규칙들을 도출할 수 있는 구간을 설정하는 방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해서 연관 규칙의 우변의 속성들을 대상으로 계층적 클러스터링을 수행하고, 각 클러스터들에 대해서 특성 분석을 수행한다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 기법은 기존의 기법들에 비해서 높은 신뢰도를 갖는 연관 규칙들을 발견하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제36권11호
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate parental emotion regulation and children's understanding of emotional display rules. 31 boys and 29 girls of the first and fourth grades and their parents were selected for the subject. Sixty children were interviewed on eight interpersonal conflict situations and parent completed the PACES(Saarni, 1985) separately. The main results of this study were as follows. 1) Children's understanding of emotional display rules increased with age. 2) Children's primary justification for using emotional display rules was self-protective one. Girls used more often prosocial justification than boys. 3) Parental emotion regulation was significantly different between the two contexts: a child might cause another person substantial emotional distress and a child didn't cause another person substantial emotional distress. 4) Parental regulation was differed by children's age in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress. 5) Father's regulation was differed by children's sex in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress. 6) Maternal regulation was positively correlated to the level of emotional display rules in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate emotional display rules and intentions of preschool children, any gender differences and the emotional intentions according to levels of understanding of emotional display rules and positive vs. negative situations. The subjects were 58 six-year-old preschoolers who were individually interviewed using 7 hypothetical scenarios that assessed emotional display rules and intentions. The children showed more self-protective intention than other intentions, although there were no gender differences in using emotional display intentions. Children with high scores of emotional display rules frequently tended to use prosocial and self-protective intentions and also used different emotional intentions on positive vs. negative emotional situations.