• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.2853-2856
• /
• 2012

Background: Previous studies assessing associations between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) polymorphisms and lung cancer risk reported conflicting results. A meta-analysis was therefore performed to derive a more precise estimation. Method: Case-control studies assessing associations between MMP-2 C735T and C1306T polymorphisms and lung cancer risk were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results: 7 studies with a total of 3,189 lung cancer cases and 3,013 controls were finally included into this meta-analysis. Overall, the MMP-2 C735T polymorphism was associated with lung cancer risk under the homozygote model (CC versus TT: OR =1.44, 95% CI = 1.03-2.02, $I^2$ = 0%), while the MMP-2 C1306T polymorphism also associated demonstrated links with all four models (all P values less than 0.05). Subgroup analyses by race suggested obvious associations between MMP-2 C735T and C1306T polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in Asians but not in Caucasians. There was no evidence for publication bias. Conclusion: Currently available evidence supports teh conclusion that MMP-2 C735T and C1306T polymorphisms influence susceptibility to lung cancer in Asians.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2000

Large quantitive of polllutants are washed into reservoirs during storm events. These polllutants contribute to eutrophication, such as algal blooms and fish kills. This study was conducted for the purpose of assessing the pollutant removal possibilities of sedimentation pool formed by deep dredging of a reservoir inlet. Water quality data were collected in the Masan reservoir, whose inlet has been dredged deep like sedimentation pool. The average concentration of chemical oxygen demand(COD) , toatal nitrogen(T-N) and total phosphrous(T-P) in the deep dredged area were 8.7 ~20.5mg/ι (T-N), 0.17~0.84mg/ι(T-P), which were 4.9%(COD), 29.0%(T-N) and 44.8%(T-P) higher than those of middle part of the reservior. The texture of sediment in the dredged area was silty loam, while that of the middle part was sandy clay loam. Organic matter contents, T-N and T-P of the bottom soil in the dredge area showed higher values than the middle part of the reservoirs. From these results, it was considered thedeep dredged area in the inlet of reservoir might play a key role to settle pollutant particulate. Based on the result of water quality analysis, deep dredging of the reservoir inlet could be assessed to reduce T-N and T-P of the reservoir about 6.5% , 8.3%, respectively. However, the effect of the sedimentation pool would be raised if the settled particles were taken into account in assessing water quality improvement for the reservoir. Accordingly, dredging of a reservoir inlet to make a shape of sedimentation pool is recommended for water quality improvement of reservoir in the stage of dredging plan.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.450-457
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 시판 중인 가공식품 라벨 표시정보를 수집하여 표시사항에 대한 정보를 소비자 개인의 용도에 따라 활용할 수 있도록 데이터베이스로 구축하고, 모바일 기반 서비스 시스템을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 시판중인 가공식품 라벨의 표시사항을 분석한 결과 원재료 영양정보 첨가물정보 함량 기준 등이 매우 난해하게 혼재되어 소비자가 라벨 정보의 내용을 파악하여 활용하기 어려운 실정이었다. 따라서 소비자 지향적인 식품표시 정보를 제공하기 위하여 현행 식품위생법의 식품표시기준에 따른 원재료, 첨가물, 영양성분 등 카테고리별로 정보를 재분류하여 데이터베이스화하였다. 이렇게 재가공한 정보를 토대로 소비자들이 가공식품 라벨표시 정보를 보다 과학적이고 명확하게 활용할 수 있도록 알고리즘을 개발하여 모바일기반 서비스 시스템에 활용하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제28권
• /
• pp.9.1-9.5
• /
• 2013

Objectives Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a powerful tool for assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies. We used GIS to determine the geographic extent of contamination by perfluorooctanoic acid, C8 (PFOA) that was released into the environment from the DuPont Washington Works Facility located in Parkersburg, West Virginia. Methods Paper maps of pipe distribution networks were provided by six local public water districts participating in the community cross-sectional survey, the C8 Health Project. Residential histories were also collected in the survey and geocoded. We integrated the pipe networks and geocoded addresses to determine which addresses were serviced by one of the participating water districts. The GIS-based water district assignment was then compared to the participants' self-reported source of public drinking water. Results There were a total of 151,871 addresses provided by the 48,800 participants of the C8 Health Project that consented to geocoding. We were able to successfully geocode 139,067 (91.6%) addresses, and of these, 118,209 (85.0%) self-reported water sources were confirmed using the GIS-based method of water district assignment. Furthermore, the GIS-based method corrected 20,858 (15.0%) self-reported public drinking water sources. Over half (54%) the participants in the lowest GIS-based exposure group self-reported being in a higher exposed water district. Conclusions Not only were we able to correct erroneous self-reported water sources, we were also able to assign water districts to participants with unknown sources. Without the GIS-based method, the reliance on only self-reported data would have resulted in exposure misclassification.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2005

It has been more than three decades since the first assay assessing circulating 25 (OH)D in human subjects was performed That publication as well as several that followed it defined 'normal' nutritional vitamin D status in human populations. Recently, the wisdom by which 'normal' circulating 25 (OH)D levels in human subjects were assigned in the past has come under question. It appears that sampling human subjects, who appear to be free from disease, and assessing 'normal' circulating 25 (OH)D levels by plotting a Gaussian distribution is grossly inaccurate. There are many reasons why this method is inaccurate, including race, lifestyle habits, sunscreen usage, age, latitude, and inappropriately low dietary recommendations for vitamin D. For instance, a 400 IU/day. AI for vitamin D is insignificant when one considers that a 10-15 minute whole body exposure to peak summer sun will generate and release up to 20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$ into the circulation. Recent studies, which orally administered up to 10,000 IU/day vitamin $D_3$ to human subjects for several months, have successfully elevated circulating 25 (OH)D levels to those observed in individuals from sun-rich environments. Further, we are now able to accurately assess sufficient circulating 25 (OH)D levels utilizing specific biomarkers instead of guessing what an adequate level is. These biomarkers include intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium absorption, bone mineral density (BMD), insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function. Using the data from these biomarkers, vitamin D deficiency should be defined as circulating levels of 25 (OH)D$\leq$30 ng/mL. In certain cases, such as pregnancy and lactation, significantly higher circulating 25 (OH)D levels would almost certainly be beneficial to both the mother and recipient fetus/infant.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2018

In a PCB factory, there is a corrosive chemical substance supply system that can causes major leakage accidents. These accidents can give rise to shut down the factory and do residents damage that cause enormous loss of properties. To mitigate these risks, it is necessary to provide a chemical disaster prevention system. Moreover, after considering the situation and environment of the production site, it is of great importance to build an optimal chemical accident prevention system by reflecting risk reduction measures from the point of process design and by assessing quantitative risk based on reliability data. However, because there was no established database of the reliability about facilities and equipment that can be used in the domestic, the business site and consulting organization had being used the reliability data such as USA CCPS(Center for Chemical Process Safety). In these days, Korean institutes are studying on reliability data utilization method of quantitative risk assessment for preventing chemical accidents and domestic utilization algorithms and storage bed of reliability data. This study presents samples of reliability database about the chemical substance supply system that constructed from the history data such as failure, maintenance for 10 years at a PCB factory. Also, this work proposes the safety design criteria for supply facilities of corrosive chemical substance by assessing quantitative risk on the basis of the reliability data.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to suggest the landscape potential index for visualizing landscape information in the conservation of hilly landscape in urban fringe. For the visual and quantitative approach to topological landscape assessment, numerical entity data of DEM(digital elevation model) were processed with CAD-based utilities that we developed and were mainly focused on analysis of visibility and visual sensitivity. Some results, with reference in assessing greenbelt area of Eodeung Mt. in Gwangju, proved to be considerable in the landscape assessment of suburban hilly landscapes. 1) Since the viewpoints and viewpoint fields were critical to landscape structure, randomized 194 points(spatially 500m interval) were applied to assessing the generalized visual sensitivity, we called. Because there were similar patterns of distribution comparing to those by 56 points and 18 Points given appropriately, it could be more efficient by a few viewpoints which located widely. 2) Regressional function was derived to represent the relationships between probabilities of visibility frequency and the topological factors(topological dominance, landform complexity and relational aspect) of target field. 3) Visibility scores of each viewpoint were be calculated by summing the visual sensitivity indices within a scene. The scores to the upper part including ridge line have been more representative to overall distributions of visual sensitivities. Also, with sum of deviations of sensitivity indices from each single point's specific index to the weighting values of view points could be estimated rotationally. 4) The deviational distributions of visual sensitivity classes in the topological unit of target field were proved to represent the visual vulnerability of the landform. 5) Landscape potential indices combined with the visual sensitivity and the DGN(degree of green naturality) were proposed as visualized landscape information distributed by topological unit.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.146-159
• /
• 2011

The continuous increase in the production of metals and their subsequent release into the environment has lead to increased concentration of these elements in agricultural soils. Because microbes are involved in almost every chemical transformations taking place in the soil, considerable attention has been given to assessing their responses to metal contaminants. Short-term and long-term exposures to toxic metals have been shown to reduce microbial diversity, biomass and activities in the soil. Several studies show that microbial parameters like basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and enzymatic activities, including those of oxidoreductases and those involved in the cycle of C, N, P and other elements, exhibit sensitivity to soil metal concentrations. These have been therefore, regarded as good indices for assessing the impact of metal contaminants to the soil. Metal contamination has also been extensively shown to decrease species diversity and cause shifts in microbial community structure. Biochemical and molecular techniques that are currently being employed to detect these changes are continuously challenged by several limiting factors, although showing some degree of sensitivity and efficiency. Variations and inconsistencies in the responses of bioindicators to metal stress in the soil can also be explained by differences in bioavailability of the metal to the microorganisms. This, in turn, is influenced by soil characteristics such as CEC, pH, soil particles and other factors. Therefore, aside from selecting the appropriate techniques to better understand microbial responses to metals, it is also important to understand the prevalent environmental conditions that interplay to bring about observed changes in any given soil parameter.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.3759-3762
• /
• 2016

Background: Breast cancer risk assessment is a helpful method for estimating development of breast cancer at the population level. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants consisted of a group of 3,847 volunteers ($mean{\pm}SD$ age: $463{\pm}7.59$ years) in a convenience sample of women referred to health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. The risk of breast cancer was estimated by applying the National Cancer Institute's online version of the Gail Risk Assessment Tool. Results: Some 24.9% of women reported having one first-degree female relative with breast cancer, with 8.05% of them having two or more first-degree relatives with breast cancer. The mean five-year risk of breast cancer for all participants was $1.61{\pm}0.73%$, and 9.36% of them had a five-year risk of breast cancer >1.66%. The mean lifetime risk of breast cancer was $11.7{\pm}3.91%$. Conclusions: The Gail model is useful for assessing probability of breast cancer in Iranian women. Based on the their breast cancer risk, women may decide to accept further screening services.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2012

SI 산업에서 SI 프로젝트 개발 수행 작업의 80% 이상을 차지하는 외주 협력업체와의 협력관계 향상은 생산성 향상과 원가절감을 위한 SI 업체의 핵심과제에 위치하고 있으며, 이러한 인식을 바탕으로 대형 SI 업체들을 중심으로 우수 협력업체 육성, 협력 및 상생 관계 강화에 집중하고 있다. 그러나, 기존 SI 산업의 협력업체 관리는 협력업체 선정, 평가 반영 과정에서 객관적인 시스템 및 정보공유, 의사소통 등의 부족으로 장기적 협력관계의 단계로 나아가지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 SI 업체와 외주 협력업체와의 협력관계 향상을 통한 생산성 증진을 도모하기 위해 협력관계이론에 기반한 새로운 전략적 파트너십의 성공요소를 제시하고, 이를 바탕으로 협력 업체 평가 및 관리모델을 제시하였다. 또한 이 모델을 실제 대표적인 SI 업체인 A사의 평가 시스템으로 활용하여 신규 프레임워크 모델의 적용가능성을 타진하였다.