• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7501-7506
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• 2015

Background: Oncology nurses play a crucial role in cancer pain management and must be highly informed to ensure their effective practice in the cancer setting. The aim of this study was to determine the baseline level of knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses regarding cancer pain management. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey research design was employed. The sample comprised 58 cancer nurses working in Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran. The "Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain" (NKAS) tool and a demographic form were utilized to ascertain the knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses working in oncology settings. Results: The average correct response rate for oncology nurses was 66.6%, ranging from 12.1% to 94.8%. The nurses mean score on the knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain management was 28.5%. Results revealed that the mean percentage score overall was 65.7%. Only 8.6% of nurse participants obtained a passing score of 75% or greater. Widespread knowledge deficits and poor attitudes were noted in this study, particularly regard pharmacological management of pain. Conclusions: The present study provides important information about knowledge deficits in pain management among oncology nurses and limited training regarding pain management. Our results support the universal concern of inadequate knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding cancer pain. It is suggested educational and quality improvement initiatives in pain management could enhance nurses knowledge in the area of pain and possibly improve practice.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

This study explores the daily life patterns and housing adjustment behaviors of low-income Korean elderly immigrants residing in affordable housing in the Chicago metropolitan area. Utilizing an intercultural perspective, the study focuses on identifying the immigrants' their cultural attributes of daily living and coping responses to residential misfits. These housing adjustment behaviors are classified into five modes consisting of residential mobility, structural adaptation, residential alteration, normative adaptation, and behavioral adaptation. Two-hour in-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 138 participants from 15 affordable housing complexes. Collected information includes demographic data, immigration experiences and cultural identity, daily life patterns, as well as housing evaluation and housing adjustment behaviors. The study results indicate that many research participants maintained their cultural attributes of daily living accumulated from past experiences (i.e. mostly based upon Korean cultural contexts), but also made adjustments as they complied with their aging body and new living conditions. This also reflects that immigrants' cultural needs are not limited to the use of language and ethnic goods, but are also embedded deeply in their daily life patterns to influence one's uses of the dwellings in a broader sense. All five modes of housing adjustment behaviors were observed with research participants within their residential settings. More importantly, normative and behavioral adaptations along with residential alterations occurred more simultaneously rather than sequentially when the respondents perceived discrepancy between oneself (i.e. including one's attributes, needs, and preferences) and his/her dwelling.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2016

Purpose: The MERS(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) outbreaks in Korea highlighted dramatically the failings of traditional hospital environment for controlling or preventing infections among both patients and healthcare workers. MERS is transmitted by droplets that can be airborne over a limited area. The point should be emphasized that MERS in South Korea was predominantly a hospital-acquired (not a community-acquired) infection, because approximately 93% of MERS cases were resulted from exposure in hospital settings. This paper tries to suggest the design guidelines of negative pressured isolation ward for the sake of proper control of severe respiratory infectious diseases. Methods: Literature survey on the design guideline and regulations of airborne infection wards in Korea, Europe U.K. and CDC of U.S. have been carries out. 4 special infection wards in Hongkong, Germany, Japan and Korea have been surveyed in order to make the best use of the experiences related to facility design and operations. Results: Operating system influencing the facility design, space organizations of infectious ward including required space and zoning, and circulations of patients, staffs and materials are proposed. Implications: The results of this paper can be the basic data for the design of the airborne infection ward and relevant regulations. Afterwards in-depth study such as the development of space standards for the single bedroom, locker room and so on could be explored.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

한국의 현대사회는 점차 산업화. 도시화 되어지고 있고 또한 경제가 성장함에 따라 외식산업이 점차 발달되어지면서 패스트푸드가 우리 식생활에서 차지하는 비중 또한 증가하는 추세이다. 이렇게 가족단위의 외식을 할 때 자녀들의 음식종류 결정권이 매우 크다는 점을 고려하고 14세미만의 어린이가 우리나라 전체인구의 21.8%를 차지하고 있는 점을 볼 때 패스트푸드 산업에서 어린이들은 매우 중요한 고객이 되어질 수 있고 이러한 어린이들의 좋은 식 습관 및 균형 잡힌 영양공급은 성인건강의 기초적인 요소라고 할 수 있겠다. 따라서 자녀들의 패스트푸드 소비에 관한 어머니의 견해를 조사함으로써 어린이들의 패스트푸드 소비를 바람직하게 유도하기 위한 방향을 제시하고 패스트푸드산업을 주도하는 생산자에게 기초자료를 제공하고자 Q-sort methodology로 본 연구를 실시한 결과, 패스트푸드점에서 가족들이 외식할 때 자녀들이 미치는 영향이 상당히 높음을 알 수 있었고 음식에 대한 어린 시절의 경험이 자녀들의 식 습관, 기호도 발달, 바람직한 건강식품 선택에 매우 큰 영향을 미치므로 이때의 식품에 대한 올바른 지도가 필요하다고 어머니들은 생각하고 있었으며 패스트푸드점에서 아침식사를 하는 것은 매우 반대하는 견해를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2016

Purpose: This methodological study was conducted to develop and psychometrically test the Transcultural Self-efficacy scale (TCSE-scale) for nurses. Methods: Initial 41 items for the TCSE-scale were generated based on extensive literature reviews and in-depth interviews with 18 nurses who had experience in caring for foreign patients. Cultural Competence and Confidence model was used as a conceptual framework. Content validity was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 242 nurses recruited from four general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. To evaluate the reliability of TCSE-scale, a test-retest reliability and an internal consistency reliability were analyzed. Construct validity, concurrent validity, criterion validity, convergent validity and discriminative validity were used to evaluate the validity. Results: The 25-item TCSE-scale was found to have three subscales-Cognitive, Practical, and Affective domain-explaining 91.5% of the total variance. TCSE-scale also demonstrated a concurrent validity with the Cultural Competence Scale. Criterion-related validity was supported by known-group comparison. Reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha-.88 in total, and subscales ranged from .76 to .87. The ICC was .90, indicating that the TCSE-scale has internal consistency and stability of reliability. Conclusion: This preliminary evaluation of the psychometric scale properties demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. The TCSE-scale is able to contribute to building up empirical and evidence based on data collection regarding the transcultural self-efficacy of clinical nurses. We suggest further testing of the applicability of TCSE-scale in different settings and community contexts.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Purpose: To determine the conversion coefficients (CCs) from the dose-area product (DAP) value to effective dose in cone-beam CT. Materials and Methods: A CBCT scanner with four fields of view (FOV) was used. Using two exposure settings of the adult standard and low dose exposure, DAP values were measured with a DAP meter in C mode ($200mm{\times}179mm$), P mode ($154mm{\times}154mm$), I mode ($102mm{\times}102mm$), and D mode ($51mm{\times}51mm$). The effective doses were also investigated at each mode using an adult male head and neck phantom and thermoluminescent chips. Linear regressive analysis of the DAP and effective dose values was used to calculate the CCs for each CBCT examination. Results: For the C mode, the P mode at the maxilla, and the P mode at the mandible, the CCs were 0.049 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, 0.067 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, and 0.064 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. For the I mode, the CCs at the maxilla and mandible were 0.076 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ and 0.095 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. For the D mode at the maxillary incisors, molars, and mandibular molars, the CCs were 0.038 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, 0.041 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, and 0.146 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. Conclusion: The CCs in one CBCT device with fixed 80 kV ranged from 0.038 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ to 0.146 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ according to the imaging modes and irradiated region and were highest for the D mode at the mandibular molar.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2013

In the modern society, phenomena such as a decrease in population and an increase in urban small houses caused by demographic changes, a decrease in midium-large housing constructions, and the concentration of one to two person families in the capital area cultivated ground for the growth of small house market. In response to these trends, interior coordination becomes a critical factor to be applied to the small houses in order to suit the residents' needs in most convenient, efficient and aesthetic ways. Therefore, an evaluation element is in demand to extract, evaluate and constantly improve the interior coordination elements. This study extracts and analyzes the essential elements required for small houses into spatial structure, system coordination and interior coordination. In domestic cases, most of spatial structure was conventional and linear while in foreign countries, various variations were found to reflect the needs from different consumers. For the system coordination, convenience played the most important role to emphasize on the easy use of digital system and built-in appliance system in domestic cases. However, in foreign countries, safety issue and economic aspects were the most considered when it comes to the interior coordination. In regard to interior coordination, installations of the storages for the limited small spaces that also support as extended spaces were rare to find in both cases for domestic and international settings. It is expected that systematic studies focused on more objective standards for interior coordination shall be implemented to provide indicators to measure the interior coordination cases in the near future.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 대수 시스템을 기반으로 하는 웹 저작 환경과 베이지언 추론망을 적용한 학습자 진단 환경이 포함된 이공계 수학용 적응적 이러닝 시스템 개발에 대하여 소개하였다. 본 시스템을 활용하면 교수자는 컴퓨터 대수 시스템을 수식처리 엔진으로 하며 웹을 인터페이스로 하는 이공계 수학용 웹 콘텐츠를 쉽게 생성할 수 있다. 구체적으로 선형대수, 미분방정식 및 이산수학의 영역에서 콘텐츠 개발의 예를 소개하였다. 또한 학습자의 지식 영역별 수준을 조건부 확률을 이용한 통계적 추론에 의해 진단하여 그 결과에 따라 피드백을 생성하는 적응적 이러닝 웹 콘텐츠를 만들 수 있다. 본 시스템을 사용하여 개발한 이공계 수학용 웹 콘텐츠를 평가하기 위하여 그 결과물을 대학 강의에 적용하였고, 설문지 조사를 통하여 콘텐츠 사용에 대한 학습자의 반응을 평가하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1456-1464
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 다이아몬드 공구를 사용한 절삭과정에 대하여 절삭력 관계식을 제안하고, 이를 실제 천연 다이아몬드 공구를 이용하여 알루미늄 합금을 절삭하는 실험해석을 통하여 절삭력을 예측하는 모델을 세우고자 한다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the treatment of Forward Head and Rounded Shoulder Posture (FHRSP) using posture correction exercises by comparing muscle activity and onset time around the neck and shoulder area during an arm elevation task. METHODS: The subjects were divided into FHRSP (21 persons) and non-FHRSP (19 persons) groups to measure muscle activity and onset time of muscle contraction. Wireless surface electromyography was used to assess the muscle activity and onset time of the right and left sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and infraspinatus during an arm elevation task. After the pre-measurement, the participants performed the postural correction exercises, and then the post-measurement was conducted. RESULTS: After the posture correction exercises, there were significant differences in the muscle activity and onset time of all muscles in the FHRSP group. The results of the comparison of the muscle onset time during an arm elevation task demonstrated that after the postural correction exercises, the muscle onset time was significantly reduced in the right and left SCM and left splenius capitis, but there were no significant changes in the onset time of other muscles. CONCLUSION: The results of this study help us understand the change in muscle activities and muscle contraction onset time in a person with FHRSP when lifting the arm and suggest the relevant basis to apply the posture correction exercise in clinical settings.