• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.923-931
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the type of masculinity on appearance-oriented and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 201 males 20s to 50s living in Daegu. The SPSS 20.0 package was utilized for data analysis which included frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, regression analysis, t-test and logistic regression. First, factor analysis in a appearance management behavior and the type of masculinity, were cluster analysis in appearance-oriented. Were used to analyze the problem of the study by classified five factors and two groups. The results of this study were as follows: First, the masculinity of Retro sexual, Metro sexual, Techno sexual showed a negative influence on appearance-oriented. Second, the masculinity had a influence on appearance management behavior. M-ness showed a negative influence on skin care, Metro sexual showed a positive influence on skin care, hair/fashion, cosmetics, plastic surgery. And Retro sexual showed a influence on skin care, positive influence on hair/fashion, cosmetics. Techno sexual showed a positive influence on body management, skin care, hair/fashion. Uber sexual showed a positive influence on body management, cosmetics of appearance management. Third, the appearance-oriented had a differences on body management, hair/fashion, cosmetics, plastic surgery of appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.7
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• pp.118-128
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of interpersonal relations disposition, appearance concern, appearance management behavior of men through a structural study method. Three hypotheses were established to verify the relationships among interpersonal relations disposition, appearance concern and appearance management behavior. The questionnaires were administered in the city of Daegu to 201 males in their 20s to 50s. The SPSS 20.0 package was utilized for data analysis, which included frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Also, Amos 21.0 program was utilized for a confirmative factor analysis( CFA) and a structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis. The results of this study are as follows; First, interpersonal relations disposition showed a positive influence on appearance concern. Second, appearance concern had a positive influence on appearance management behavior. Third, the interpersonal relations disposition showed a positive influence on appearance management behavior. In conclusion, interpersonal relations disposition, appearance concern, appearance management behavior of men are found to have a correlation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to identify the motives of women's appearance-management behavior, and examine how women perceived the appearance -management behavior and pursuit of ideal body image. The depth interview method was managed to five female subjects who had experiences in plastic surgery and obesity treatment. The instance analysis used in this study. The results were as follows : There were four types of women's appearance-management behavior. First, women perceived themselves by using other people's evaluation, and it was the first motive of appearance-management behavior. It shows that appearance is not based on the real self-image but is the evaluated self-image by others. Second, women were willing to suffer the pain in the plastic surgery and obesity treatment by the expectation of appearance improvement. It means the result of reducing the difference between the actual self-figure and the ideal self-image. Third, the sexual discrimination culture had an influence on appearance-management behavior. It seems the sense of male superiority spreaded over the Korean society. Lastly, women improved self-satisfaction and self-esteem through their physical appearance as an alternative method for better life.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the appearance management motives and body image perception according to males' appearance management behavior. A set of questionnaire was administered to 398 male consumers. Data were analyzed by utilizing frequency, factor analysis, ANONA, cluster analysis, and crosstabs. Factor analysis of body image perception extracted four factors such as appearance concern, appearance satisfaction, exercise ability, and weight control. Four groups of the appearance management behavior were classified into such as health oriented, active figure management, indifference to personal appearance, and fashion/skin care by cluster analysis. All groups pursued sociality in appearance management motives. The active figure management group showed highest concern about in all the appearance management motives and body image perception.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1119-1132
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of appearance concern and body satisfaction on the appearance management behavior of male college students. For data collection, a questionnaire was administrated to 538 male college students in Gwangju city, Korea, from June 1 to June 20, 2011. To analyze the data, the SPSS 18.0 statistics package was used, and descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis(Cronbach' ${\alpha}$), regression analysis, path analysis, and t-test were conducted. The results were as follows. First, it appeared that concern of appearance had positive influences on the appearance management behavior. Also, there was a significant difference between the high-appearance-concern group and the low-appearance-concern group, as the high-appearance-concern group generally conducted greater appearance management behaviors than the low-appearance-concern group. Second, it appeared that concern of appearance had positive influences on body satisfaction, especially, on the aspect of face-satisfaction. Further, the results showed that the high-appearance-concern group seemed to have a higher body satisfaction than the low-appearance-concern group. Third, the result suggested that body satisfaction generally had positive influences on the aspects of appearance management behavior. Fourth, it was found that appearance concern had direct impact on the appearances management behavior without mediation body satisfaction.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.912-922
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• 2013

This study examined the differences in appearance orientation and appearance management behavior in groups (classified by the body mass index) as well as explored the differences in each of demographic variables. Data were collected from 513 respondents from the city of Daegu as well as Gyeongbuk province. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results showed that 14.3% of the respondents were underweight, 60.0% normal, and 25.7% overweight according to BMI. The appearance orientation of the respondents was revealed to be high. Skin care was the most popular appearance management behavior, followed by make-up, clothing selection, hair care and weight training. Due to appearance orientation by body type, the appearance orientation for the underweight was the highest followed by normal and overweight. There were significant differences in skin care, make-up, clothing selection, hair care among the three groups in appearance management behavior; however, no differences in weight training. Generally, appearance management behavior of the underweight was the highest, followed by the normal and the overweight. In addition, there were significant group differences in appearance orientation and appearance management behavior according to demographic variables. This study contributes basic information to the field of appearance management behavior research and beauty industry marketing strategy through a better understanding of the relationships of BMI, appearance orientation, and appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and the effect of this attitude on appearance management behavior. It also examines how demographic factors affect these relationships. This study gave a questionnaire survey to adults between the ages of 40 and 50 in Seoul, Daegu, and Ulsan, South Korea. Data collected from 368 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The study model was tested by structural equation modeling, the results of which revealed a positive effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and a positive effect of attitude toward appearance management on appearance management behavior. The results of t-testing showed that there were significant differences in cognition, attitude, and behavior toward appearance management by gender, age, educational level, and income.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.81-93
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• 2021

This study attempted to investigate the mediating effects of self-efficacy in the influence of appearance management behavior and life satisfaction among middle-aged women. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed among 153 women aged 40-59 living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis, using SPSS 25.0. To examine mediating effects, SPSS Process MACRO #4 was borrowed, and the results found the following: 1) A positive correlation with statistical significance was observed among appearance management behavior, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction. 2) According to the analysis of appearance management behavior, self-efficacy and life satisfaction by demographic characteristics, some differences were found. 3) The mediating effects of self-efficacy in appearance management behavior and the life satisfaction relationship was confirmed. The above results show that middle-aged women experience an increase in self-efficacy through appearance management behavior and improvements in their life satisfaction through such self-efficacy, not just enhancing life satisfaction through appearance management behavior. In other words, appearance management increases life satisfaction through an ego-discovery process.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.21-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to classify the stress into groups and analyze their differences in self-consciousness, and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 377 middle and high school girls living in Deagu metropolitan City. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncant-test, and t-test are all used for data analysis. Our findings show that stress developed due to several reasons: the categories are as follows into grades-related low stress, exam-related high stress, and society-related high stress. For the purposes of our study, we labeled self-consciousness as a combination of being socially and privately self-consciousness and showing signs of social anxiety. Appearance management behavior deals with esthetic plastic surgery, clothing harmony, weight management, hair management, health care, skin care, and meal management. Stress shows a significant correlation with the sub-variable self-consciousness and appearance management behavior. The groups show a significant difference in the self-consciousness, and appearance management behavior. There is also a significant difference among stress, self-consciousness and appearance management behavior by grade. The students in seemed to recognize that their appearance can be improved by dressing up and managing their outwardly appearance. Teachers should educate students to have the variety of views on the meaning of beauty. In addition, schools need to develop programs to educate student about appearances, as the student's interests differ due to the stress type of the adolescent.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-efficacy and appearance interest on appearance management and clothing purchase behavior of new silver generation. The research method was a survey method using a questionnaire. The subjects were 300 new silver woman(aged from 50 to 64) living in the large city. Statistical analysis methods were factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. The self-efficacy factor divided into three categories including self-control efficacy, social self-efficacy and physical self-efficacy. And appearance interests were divided into four categories including weight control interest, outfit management interest, interest in clothing and disinterest in appearance. Self-efficacy had significant effect on various appearance interests. Especially physical self-efficacy was the important factor which could describe the appearance interests more effectively. Self-efficacy and appearance interests had significant effect on appearance management and clothing purchase behavior. Social self-efficacy could describe more appearance management behavior, while on the other side self-control efficacy could describe the clothing purchase behavior more effectively.