• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.872-880
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glucuronic acid on antioxidative defense system and recovery of muscle fatigue in rat artier aerobic exercise. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 150 $\pm$ 10g were randomly assigned to one normal(N) group and three exercise training groups. Exercise training groups were classified into glucuronic acid free intubation group(T group), 250mg glucuronic acid/kg bw intubation group(TU group), and 500 mg glucuronic acid/kg bw intubation group(2TU group) according to glucuronic acid supplementation level. The glucuronic acids were administered to rats by oral intubation before exercise training. The experimental rats in exercise training groups(T, TU and 2TU) were exercised on glucuronic acid supplementation or rats in normal group were confined in cage for 4 weeks. And rats were sacrificed with an overdose of pentobarbital injection just after running. Liver xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities were not significantly different among four groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in T group was no significant difference from N group, but those of TU and 2TU groups were increased by 9% and 18%, respectively, compared with that of T group. Liver glutathione peroxidase(GSHpx) activites of T and TU groups showed a similar tendency to that of normal group, but increase 17% in 2TU group compared with normal group. The ratio of GSH/GSSG in liver of T group was lower than that of normal group, but those of TU and 2TU groups were a similar tendency to that of normal group. Contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) in T group was increased by 47%, compared with that of normal group but those of TU group and 2TU group were lower 27% and 35%, respectively, compared with that of T group. The contents of glycogen in soleus muscle significantly lower in all three trained exercise groups than that of normal group, but there were no significant differences among the trained exercise groups. Contents of hepatic glycogen in T group were decreased 27% compared with those of normal group while those of TU and 2TU groups were the same as normal group levels. The contents of serum lactic acid in T group were increased 240% of normal group, but hose of TU and 2TU groups were decreased 38%, 39%, respectively, by glucuronic acid supplementations, compared with that of T group. In conclusion, the effects of glucuronic acids in exercise training rats would appear to reduce peroxidation of tissue as an antioxidative defense mechanism and promote recovery of muscle fatigue.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of green tea on the muscle antioxidative defense system in the white & red gastrocnemius muscles of rats after aerobic exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150 10 g were randomly assigned to a control group, non-exercise with green tea group (G group), and exercise training group. The exercise training group was then further classified as the training (T) group and training with green tea (TG) group, the latter of which was supplemented with green tea in the drinking water during the experimental period. The rats in the exercise training groups (T and TG) were subjected to aerobic exercise on a treadmill 30 min/day at a speed of 28 m/min (7% incline) 5 days/week, while the other groups (control and G group) were cage confined for 4 weeks. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed with an injected overdose of pentobarbital just after running. In the white muscle, the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities were 71 % higher in the T group compared to control group, whereas the TG group had the same activity as the control group. The XOD activities in the red gastrocnemius muscle exhibited the same tendency as in the white muscle. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the white muscle was lower in the T group compared with the control group, yet significantly higher in the TG group compared with the T group. The SOD activities in the red gastrocnemius muscle exhibited the same tendency as in the white gastrocnemius muscle. The glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activities in the white & red gastrocnemius muscles were 43 % lower in the T group compared with the control group, yet the activities in the TG group remained at control levels. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the white muscle was not significantly different among any of the three groups, but in the red gastrocnemius muscle, the TG group had the same activity as in the control group. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) contents in the white & red gastrocnemius muscles were higher in the T group than in the control but the control and TG groups had the same concentrations of TBARS. In conclusion, the supplementation of green tea in rats subjected to aerobic exercise was found to reduce the peroxidation of muscle lipids by enhancing the antioxidative defense mechanism.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2022

본 연구는 배양 C6 glioma 세포를 재료로 파킨슨병의 유발 물질인 황산철(FeSO₄)의 신경독성과 이에 대한 물매화(Parnassia palustria L., PP) 추출물의 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 세포생존율을 비롯한 슈퍼뮤타제(SOD)-유사능 및 과산소음이온 라디칼(SAR)-소거능과 같은 항산화 효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 FeSO₄는 처리농도에 비례하여 세포생존율을 유의하게 감소시켰으며, 이 과정에서 XTT₅₀값이 63.3 μM로 나타나 Borenfreund and Puerner의 독성판정기준에 따라 고독성 (highly-toxic)인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 항산화제의 일종인 quercetin은 FeSO₄의 독성으로 손상된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 한편, PP 추출물은 FeSO₄만을 처리한 것에 비하여 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰으며, 동시에 SOD-유사 능과 SAR-소거능과 같은 항산화능을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로부터, FeSO₄의 세포독성에 산화적 손상이 관여하고 있으며, PP추출물은 항산화 효과에 의하여 FeSO₄에 의한 세포독성을 효과적으로 방어하였다. 결론적으로, 물매화 추출물과 같은 천연물은 FeSO₄와 같이 산화적 손상과 관련된 질환을 유발시키는 중금속화합물에 의한 독성을 개선 내지는 치료하는데 유용한 소재라고 생각된다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Purpose: Lycopene is abundantly contained in Tomatoes and is known for diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In this study, the antioxidative potential of lycopene was investigated through the induction of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor2 (Nrf2) and upstream signaling molecules, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Aktin RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The antioxidative potential of lycopene against oxidative stress and its molecular mechanisms were determined by the cell viability assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation assay, and Western blot analysis in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: Lycopene treatment significantly attenuated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced intracellular ROS formation in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. In addition, 50 µM of lycopene for 6 h treatment induced potent HO-1 expression and its transcription factor, Nrf2. MAPK and PI3K/Aktwere also analyzed due to their critical roles in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis against oxidative damage. As a result, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly induced by lycopene treatment while the activated status of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and Akt, were not given any effect. To confirm the antioxidative mechanism of HO-1 mediated by ERK activation, each selective inhibitor was employed in a protection assay, in which oxidative damage occurred by t-BHP. Lycopene, SnPP, and CoPP treatments reflected accelerated HO-1 expression could be a protective role against oxidative damage-initiated cell death. A selective inhibitor for ERK significantly inhibited the lycopene-induced cytoprotective effect but selective inhibitors for other signaling molecules did not attenuate the rate of t-BHP-induced cell death. Conclusion: In conclusion, lycopene potently scavenged intracellular ROS formation and enhanced the HO-1 mediated antioxidative potential through the modulation of Nrf2, MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.330-335
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• 1998

Gastrodia elata (GE) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of various brain diseases including convulsion and epilepsy. In orde r to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of GE (500mg/kg, P.0) to the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsive rats. Methanol extracts of GE significantly inhibited (35%) the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation (25%) in the brain. The ether fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively ibhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently ($5.O{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}2.O{\times}1O^{-5}g/ml$). The scavenging effect on hydroxy radicals was found in all the fractions of ether, butanol, and dichloromethane. These results suggest that the anticonvulsive effect of GE is possibly due to the antioxidative effects of the active components in GE.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1881-1891
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• 2004

Daejowhan-gamibang(DJG) is used to prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, dementia, hyperlipdemia circulatory disturbance. Korean traditional herbal prescriptions and herb medicines in neuronal cells, which have been used for the treatment of stroke and brain diseases in Korean traditional medicine were screened to study the antioxidant effects and its mechanism. Daejowhan-gamibang water extract(DJGWE) was tested on their antioxidant activity using radical scavenging effects against ABTS. It showed significant antioxidant capacities at 50㎍ concentration. The antioxidant activity of DJGWE was determined in the different concentration (10㎍, 50 ㎍, and 100㎍). At the same time, the antiperoxidation effects was determined. Lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates induced by NADPH and ADP-Fe/sup 2+/ was significantly inhibited by DJGWE in vitro. DJGWE showed a potent antioxidant and antiperoxidative activity, further investigation, in vitro and in vivo, will be needed for the confirm of possibility as an antioxidant therapeutic agents and their optimal treatment of brain diseases in human. In searching the mechanism of antioxidant effects of DJGWE, it showed the inhibition of activity of JNK, p38, ERK and caspase 3 induced by hypoxia. So, DJGWE should be surveyed for the use of the potential therapeutic prescription for stroke and brain degenerative diseases such as pakinson's disease, dementia.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2004

The effect of nickel (Ni) on growth and some tolerance strategies with regard to heavy metal tolerance mechanism was investigated in radish (Raphanus sativus) seedlings. The protective effect of histidine on nickel stress conditions was also monitored. The seedling growth decreased with an increase in metal concentrations. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced in the root elongation than in the shoot elongation. Increasing Ni supply showed a progressive increase of Ni concentrations in the roots and shoots. Ni content was higher in the shoots than in the roots. In the presence of nickel, radish exhibited an antioxidative defense mechanism, as evidenced by the elevated malondialdehyde(MDA), showing that nickel is an efficient inducer of lipid peroxidation. Exposure of radish to elevated concentrations of nickel was accompanied by an increase in the proline content. Supplemental histidine in the presence of Ni ameliorated metal-induced growth inhibition and lipid peroxidation. Combinations of Ni and histidine resulted in a significant decline in proline content compared with Ni stress alone, indicating that histidine may provide protection against the adverse effect of Ni stress. From the results it is suggested that histidine is an efficient chelator by complexing metal ion within the plant and may playa role in nickel tolerance implicated in metal detoxification.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 1993

It is well known that lipidperoxide, formed in vivo, induced the denaturation of enzyme and destruction of cell membrane to acute injury of tissue. Aralia elata have physiological activates, the improvement of lipid metabolism, antidiabetic activity etc., which was thought to have the relationship to lipid peroxidation. The anti-lipidperoxidative effect of Aralia elata have not yet established. In this study, we examined the anti-lipidperoxidative effects of Aralia elata (Butanol fraction) on CCI$_{4}$ induced lipidperoxidation in rats, and elucidated the anti-lipidperoxidative mechanism. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with CCI$_{4}$ (0.5 ml/100g), BuOH fraction of Aralia elata (80 mg/Kg/day) exhibited 85.41% anti-lipidperoxidative effect but in serum 69.63% inhibitory effects, respectively. In mitochondrial and microsomal fraction showed inhibition of 55.85% and 69.30%, respectively. In order to elucidate the mechanism of anti-lipidperoxidation effects of Aralia elata, enzymatic (NADPH dependent) and non-enzymatic (Ascorbic acid catalyzed) reaction, in vitro, were performed. In enzymatic reation, Aralia elata exhibited 59.43% anti-lipidperoxidation effects, but in non-enzymatic reaction exhibited 43.27% inhibition. Therefore, it is noteworthy that antioxidative power of them may mainly results from the inhibition by enzymatic reaction.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.614-619
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• 2011

Nelumbo nucifera(NN) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of antidiarrhea, sedative action and various brain diseases including convulsion and epilepsy. In order to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of NN(100, 200 mg/kg, P.0) to the sleeping time and pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced convulsive mice. The methanol extract of NN prolonged sleep time by pentobarbital. Methanol extracts of NN were not effected the concentration of GABA and GABA-T activity in the brain of PTZ-induced mice. Methanol extracts of NN significantly inhibited the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain. The butanol and dichloromethane fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively inhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently($5.0{\times}10^{-6}\sim2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;g/ml$). These results suggest that the anticonvulsive effect of NN is possibly due to the antioxidative effects of the free radical formation at brain for the PTZ-induced convulsion if it were by due to generating system.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 제13회 식물생명공학심포지움 New Approaches to Understand Gene Function in Plants and Application to Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.79-84
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• 1999

Oxidative stress is one of the major environmental stresses to plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during metabolic processes damage cellular functions and consequently lead to cell death. Fortunately plants have in vivo defense system by which the ROS is scavenged by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). In attempts to understand the protection mechanism of plant against oxidative stress, we developed transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) plansts thet expressed both SOD and APX in chloroplast using Agrobacterum-mediated transformation and evaluated their protection capabilities against methyl viologen (MV, paraquat) -mediated oxidative damage. Three double transformants (CAI, CA2, and CA3) expressed the chimeric CuZnSOD and chimeric APX in chloroplast, and one transformant (AM) expressed the chimeric APX and chimeric MnSOD in chloroplast. In addition, we obtained three lines of transformants (C/Al, C/A2, and A/C) that expressed the APX and SOD than control plants, and more resistant to oxidative stress caused by MV. TRansformants (C/A and A/C) overexpressing MnSOD, CuZnSOD and APX at the same time showed the highest resistance to MV-mediated oxidative stress among the transformants.