• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Excessive manganese (Mn) in the brain promotes a variety of abnormal behaviors, including memory deficits, decreased motor skills and psychotic behavior resembling Parkinson's disease. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a prevalent genetic iron overload disorder worldwide. Dysfunction in HFE gene is the major cause of HH. Our previous study has demonstrated that olfactory Mn uptake is altered by HFE deficiency, suggesting that loss of HFE function could alter manganese-associated neurotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, Hfe-knockout ($Hfe^{-/-}$) and wild-type ($Hfe^{+/+}$) mice were intranasally-instilled with manganese chloride ($MnCl_2$ 5 mg/kg) or water daily for 3 weeks and examined for memory function. Olfactory Mn diminished both short-term recognition and spatial memory in $Hfe^{+/+}$ mice, as examined by novel object recognition task and Barnes maze test, respectively. Interestingly, $Hfe^{-/-}$ mice did not show impaired recognition memory caused by Mn exposure, suggesting a potential protective effect of Hfe deficiency against Mn-induced memory deficits. Since many of the neurotoxic effects of manganese are thought to result from increased oxidative stress, we quantified activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Mn instillation decreased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity in $Hfe^{+/+}$ mice, but not in $Hfe^{-/-}$ mice. In addition, Hfe deficiency up-regulated SOD1 and glutathione peroxidase activities. These results suggest a beneficial role of Hfe deficiency in attenuating Mn-induced oxidative stress in the PFC. Furthermore, Mn exposure reduced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels in the PFC, indicating that blunted acetylcholine signaling could contribute to impaired memory associated with intranasal manganese. Together, our model suggests that disrupted cholinergic system in the brain is involved in airborne Mn-induced memory deficits and loss of HFE function could in part prevent memory loss via a potential up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes in the PFC.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2004

The antioxidant activities of Acanthopanax senticosus stems were evaluated in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. The n-butanol fraction from the water extract of the stems, when pretreated orally at 200 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days in rats, was demonstrated to exhibit significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase by 30.31, 19.82 and 155%, respectively. The n-butanol fraction whereas showed a significant inhibition of serum GPT activity (65.79% inhibition) elevated with hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$-intoxication. Eleutheroside B, a lignan component, isolated from the n-butanol fraction was found to cause a moderate free radical scavenging effection DPPH, its scavenging potency as indicated in $IC_{50}$ value, being 58.5$\mu$ M. These results suggested that the stems of A. senticosus possess not only antioxidant but also hepatoprotective activities.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the supplemental effects of two insect meals, mealworm (MW) and black soldier fly (BSF), with high or low lipid levels in diets, on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sardine and tuna by-product meals were used as the fish meal source in a control (Con) diet. The fish meals were replaced with MW, defatted MW (deMW), BSF or defatted BSF (deBSF), respectively. The shrimp (body weight: 0.47 g) were stocked into 20 acryl tanks (215 L) and fed the diets six times a day. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the shrimp that were fed insect meals had significantly higher phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than the shrimp fed Con diet. The gene expressions of prophenoloxidase, crustin and penaeidine-3c in shrimp hepatopancrease were also higher in shrimp that were fed the insect diets, regardless of defatting than those in shirmp that were fed Con diet. The survival against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was higher in shrimp that were fed the diets containing defatted insect meals than in shrimp that were fed Con diet. These results indicate that MW and BSF, regardless of lipid levels, could be good protein sources for the enhancement of innate immunity and anti-oxidant capacity of the shrimp.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.228-228
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• 2017

Rice production and quality could be changed by temperature condition. Extremely high temperature event have been occurred more frequently for global warming. To increase rice quality against to global warming, breeding of heat tolerance rice cultivar is needed. Ilmi which is the one of Korean leading rice cultivar shows heat stress resistant character during ripening stage. Yield and quality (brown and milled rice) of Ilmi did not show significant different under high temperature condition compared to control condition. However, the main physiological characters for heat resistance of Ilmi have been not investigated yet. Therefore we try to investigate the heat tolerance characters of Ilmi. Two rice cultivars, Ilmi and Ilpum-which is heat susceptible rice cultivar, were cultivated under natural condition in wagnor pot until heading was appeared. After checking heading date, each material was cultivated under different temperature condition, heat($32/22^{\circ}C$) and control($26/16^{\circ}C$) condition. Anti-oxidant enzyme activity was checked during ripening stage in each material. Catalase and ascorbic peroxidase activity of leaf under heat stress condition were higher in Ilmi than Ilpum especially early ripening stage. Analyzing of stress resistance using $H_2O_2$, the flag leaf of Ilmi showed more green color than Ilpum with higher chlorophyll content than those of Ilpum. We also checked the amount of $H_2O_2$ content in young leaf of each material by treating high temperature. $H_2O_2$ content in each material was increased according to treatment time. However $H_2O_2$ content of young leaf in Ilmi was less than those in Ilpum. Also catalase and ascorbic peroxidase activity in leaf increased much faster in Ilmi than Ilpum. With those data, we confirmed that heat stress resistance of Ilmi is due to the higher anti-oxidant activity against to stress condition. We will investigate the heat tolerance characters of Ilmi more in further study to enhance the breeding effect of heat stress tolerance rice.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extracts from Geranium thunbergii (GT) in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups [normal diet, high fat diet, MeOH extract of GT (GTM), and BuOH fraction of GT (GTB)] and GT samples were treated with dose of 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks. It was observed that GTB-treated group significantly reduced body weight gain, food intake, epididymal fat weight, and triglyceride level in serum and liver compared to control group. The rats fed GTB also decreased contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxyl radical, and xanthin oxidase (XO) increased by high fat diet. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were increased by GTB treatment. The experimental results indicate that GTB has anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, as well as radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

우리 몸의 많은 기관을 비롯하여 장기들은 반복적이거나 혹은 급성 스트레스를 이겨내지 못하고 만성 스트레스로 이어질 경우 질병이 생기게 된다. 특히 강하고 지속적인 스트레스에 노출되면 뇌의 해마 수지상 세포(hippocampal dendrites)가 위축되거나 크기가 작아진다. 이렇게 스트레스로 인하여 증가된 글루코 코티코이드 호르몬은 뉴런 흥분제인 glutamate를 유도하거나 에너지 대사를 변형시켜 신경 독작용을 일으킨다. 이러한 연속적인 반응은 TNF-$\alpha$ convertase(TACE)를 활성화시켜 TNF-$\alpha$가 분비되도록 하여 전사 조절자인 NF-${\kappa}B$가 핵내로 전이되고 신경 손상을 일으키는 iNOS와 COX-2와 같은 효소를 유도한다. 이런 산화적 스트레스의 상위조절인자 TACE는 스트레스에 의한 여러 가지 염증성 질환 및 숙주방어에서 가장 중요한 조절자인 TNF-alpha를 수용체로부터 "유리(shedding)" 시키는 역할을 한다. 따라서 이런 신호 전달계를 자극하는 TACE의 발현 양과 이로 인한 지속적인 처리과정이 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히 여러 스트레스 중에서 고정화 스트레스 및 신체적 구속 스트레스에 대한 연구는 뇌에서 산화물 생성을 증가시키지만 인삼이 뇌의 산화물질 생성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 체계적인 연구가 진행된 바 없다. 따라서 염증을 매개하는 TNF-alpha의 생산에 중요한 역할을 하는 TACE의 발현 조절 및 TNF-alpha 신호전달을 연구함으로써 인삼의 항산화 기전을 분자 수준에서 규명할 수 있게 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 최적의 조건에서 추출된 지누아리 추출물의 항산화능과 항염능을 확인하였다. 다양한 ethanol 수용액으로 지누아리의 유용물질을 추출하여 DPPH, ABTS, nitrite 라디컬 소거능을 측정하고, 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 분석하였다. 20% ethanol 수용액으로 추출한 경우에 라디컬 소거능이 가장 우수하였고, 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량 또한 가장 높았다. 이로부터 20% ethanol 수용액이 지누아리의 항산화 및 항염 물질을 효율적으로 추출하였음을 확인하였다. 한편, RAW 264.7 세포주를 이용하여 지누아리 추출물의 세포독성과 항염능을 확인하였다. 지누아리 추출물은 200 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 독성을 나타내지 않았고, 이 농도에서 50% 이상의 NO 생성 억제능을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과로 지누아리 추출물은 항산화 및 항염 특성을 지니는 기능성 화장품 원료로 사용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2020

Noni has been used for medicinal purposes for more than 2,000 years in South Pacific Polynesia, China and India, and has been heavily ingested as an extract for its excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, a recent study found that the noni extract causes digestive disorders, kidney problems, and liver diseases, which made it necessary to use it for other purposes than as an extract. In this study, we want to evaluate the potential of noni as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkling agent. Methods: Noni was freeze-dried, extracted in water, and concentrated. Skin cells were treated with the noni extract for 24 hrs and then were exposed to UVB (55 mJ/cm²). After 48 hrs of incubation, pro-inflammatory cytokine, elastase, MMP-1 and type-1 procollagen levels were measured by ELISA. Results: To find out the antioxidant effect of the noni extract, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity experiments were conducted and the noni extract showed 97.0 % and 92.0 % antioxidant efficacy at 200 ㎍/mL respectively. The noni extract (50 and 100 ㎍/mL) decreased IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS in a concentration-dependent manner. In the RT-PCR experiment involving NO production, the noni extract (50 and 100 ㎍/mL) inhibited NO production by strongly inhibiting iNOS mRNA expression, and also inhibited the elevation of MMP-1 and elastases caused by UVB irradiation by 25.0 % and 7.0 % respectively. In addition, type-1 procollagen was elevated by 20.0 % by the noni extract treatment in HaCaT cells. Conclusion: The noni extract has photoprotective ability by reducing proinflammatory mediators, elastase and MMP-1 production, and elevation of collagen synthesis. Our findings suggest that the noni extract might be a good natural substance to protect against UVB-induced premature skin aging.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.615-624
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• 2022

본 연구는 자소자 열수추출물과 압력은 일정하게 유지한 상태로 온도를 조절하여 추출한 3종의 자소자 초임계추출물에 대해 항산화력, 항균활성, biofilm 형성 억제능과 염증매개물질(nitric oxide), 염증성 사이토카인(interleukin-6, interleukin-8)의 생성 억제능을 평가하였다. 자소자 열수추출물과 비교하였을 때 자소자 초임계추출물이 항산화 효과는 떨어졌으나, Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)에 대한 minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)이 월등히 낮은 것으로 확인되었고, biofilm 형성 억제능 또한 더 우수하였다. 염증매개물질과 염증성 사이토카인의 생성도 자소자 초임계추출물이 자소자 열수추출물에 비해 현저히 감소시킬 수 있었다. 따라서 우리는 초임계추출물중 가장 우수한 항균작용과 biofilm 형성 억제, 염증인자 생성 억제 효능을 보인 45℃로 추출한 자소자 초임계추출물이 아토피 피부염 환자의 가려움증과 경표피수분손실을 방지하기 위한 천연 기능성 소재로 적합함을 시사한다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

In order to investigate the possibility of Kamisamultang(KMSMT) as therapeutic for the treatment of atopic dermatitis(AD), cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant activity, modulatory and suppression activities of KMSMT were tested. 90% or higher cell viability was observed in all tested groups from 25 to 200 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ using Raw 264.7 cells. KMSMT showed dose-dependent DPPH scavenging activity, with more than 80% scavenging activities at 400 and 800 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations. KMSMT showed dose-dependent suppression activity of reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, especially at 200 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of 42.6%. KMSMT decreased nitric oxide(NO) production activity dose dependently, expecially at 200 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of 30.9%. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-${\alpha}$ production rate were decreased by 45.7%, 15.5%, 8.9%, 16.5% respectively when Raw 264.7 cells were treated with LPS and with KMSMT of 200 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. However, only IL-$1{\beta}$ and MCP-1 showed significant changes. The results above strongly suggest the modulatory and suppressive effect of KMSMT. The results above indicate that KMSMT significantly reduces the effect of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines. The use of KMSMT in atopic dermatitis can be widely suggested.