• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 커피생두의 로스팅 과정에서 쉽게 발견되는 커피 은피(coffee silver skin)의 열수와 에탄올 추출물을 사용하여 항산화, 미백, 주름개선, 세포독성실험을 진행하였다. 커피 은피의 열수와 에탄올 추출물은 농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성이 높아졌으며, 열수 추출물보다 에탄올 추출물이 항산화력이 높게 나타났다. 특히 에탄올 추출물의 경우 $50{\mu}g/mL$에서 92.26%의 ABTS 라디칼을 소거시켜 양성대조군과 비슷한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 미백효과의 정도를 조사하기 위하여 tyrosinase 저해효과와 DOPA 산화 저해효과를 조사한 결과 농도 의존적으로 저해효과를 나타내었다. 또한 주름개선효과의 정도를 조사하기 위해 elastase와 collagenase 저해 효과를 조사한 결과 elastase와 collagenase를 농도 의존적으로 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 각질형성세포(HaCaT)를 이용하여 세포독성 및 증식실험을 진행하였다. 커피 은피 추출물의 세포생존율은 무처리 대조군과 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 그러므로 커피 은피는 주름개선, 미백, 항산화 효과를 나타내므로 화장품에 응용 가능한 기능성 소재로 평가된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2003

Inflammatory lung diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. The sources of the increased oxidative stress in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) derive from the increased burden of inhaled oxidants, and from the increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by several inflammatory, immune and various structural cells of the airways. Increased levels of ROS produced in the airways is reflected by increased markers of oxidative stress in the airspaces, sputum, breath, lungs and blood in patients with lung diseases. ROS, either directly or via the formation of lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal may play a role in enhancing the inflammation through the activation of stress kinases (JNK, MAPK, p38) and redox sensitive transcription factors such as NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1. Recent evidences have indicated that oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators can alter nuclear histone acetylation/deacetylation allowing access for transcription factor DNA binding leading to enhanced pro-inflammatory gene expression in various lung cells. Understanding of the mechanisms of redox signaling, NF-${\kappa}B$/AP-1 regulation, the balance between histone acetylation and deacetylation and the release and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators may lead to the development of novel therapies based on the pharmacological manipulation of antioxidants in lung inflammation and injury. Antioxidants that have effective wide spectrum activity and good bioavailability, thiols or molecules which have dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, may be potential therapeutic agents which not only protect against the direct injurious effects of oxidants, but may fundamentally alter the underlying inflammatory processes which play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2018

맥문동탕 열수추출물의 용매분획물을 이용하여 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenge, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenge, elastase, tyrosinase 억제 효과를 검증하였고 그 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획물(MW-EA)에서 가장 우수한 저해활성을 보여주었다. 세포를 이용한 활성 검증에서는 MW-EA를 처리하였을 때 ROS 저해활성에서 34% ($100{\mu}g/mL$), MMPs 저해 50% ($100{\mu}g/mL$) 이상, 미백 활성에서는 tyrosinase를 25% ($50{\mu}g/mL$) 억제하는 것을 확인 하였다. 따라서 맥문동탕은 피부개선 소재로서 개발 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

Objectives: Oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation has been supposed as a crucial factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective activity against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation of protocatechuic acid (PA), active phenolic compound from Momordica Charantia. Methods: Protective activity of PA from oxidative stress was performed under in vitro conditions. Our study investigated the protective mechanism of PA from neuroinflammation in cellular system using C6 glial cell. To investigate the improvement the effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, we induced oxidative stress by H₂O₂ (100 μM) stimulation and induced neuroinflammation by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 ㎍/mL) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (10 ng/mL) in C6 glial cells. Results: PA showed strong radical scavenging effect against 1,1-dipenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxy radical (·OH) and nitric oxide (NO). Under oxidative stress treated by H₂O₂, the result showed the increased mRNA expressions of oxidative stress markers such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). However, the treatment of PA led to reduced mRNA expressions of NF-κB, COX-2 and iNOS. Moreover, PA attenuated the production of interleukin-6 and scavenged NO generated by both endotoxin LPS and IFN-γ together. Furthermore, it also reduced LPS and IFN-γ-induced mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results collectively suggest that PA, phenolic compound of Momordica Charantia, could be a safe anti-oxidant and a promising anti-neuroinflammatory molecule for neurodegenerative diseases.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2015

Dendrobium loddigesii (DL) is a valuable and versatile herbal medicine with the anecdotal claims of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the whitening effects of DL under various conditions with B16F10 melanoma cells. The DL extract inhibited melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated group. Treatment of the DL extract effectively suppressed the ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanin formation, tyrosinase activity and dendrite outgrowth. Moreover, the ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced mRNA expressions of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and protein expression of tyrosinase were significantly attenuated by DL treatment. These results indicate that DL may be a great cosmeceutical ingredient for its whitening effects.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2008

Beneficial effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplement on age-associated chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and diabetes, have been reported. However, its mechanism of action in hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo has not been investigated in detail. We have previously shown that during hepatocellular carcinogenesis, DHEA treatment decreases formation of preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci in the liver and has antioxidant effects. Here we aimed to determine the mechanism of actions of DHEA, in comparison to vitamin E, in a chemically-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with control diet without a carcinogen, diets with 1.5% vitamin E, 0.5% DHEA and both of the compounds with a carcinogen for 6 weeks. The doses were previously reported to have anti-cancer effects in animals without known toxicities. With DHEA treatment, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased by ${\sim}5$ fold and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased by ${\sim}25%$ compared to carcinogen treated group. Activities of Se-glutathione peroxidase in the cytotol was decreased siguificantly with DHEA treatment, confirming its antioxidative effect. However, liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 reductase activities were not altered with DHEA treatment. Vitamin E treatment decreased cytosolic Se-glutathione peroxidase activities in accordance with our previous reports. However, vitamin E did not alter glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase or malate dehydrogenase activities. Our results suggest that DHEA may have decreased tumor nodule formation and reduced lipid peroxidation as previously reported, possibly by increasing the production of NADPH, a reducing equivalent for NADPH-dependent antioxidant enzymes. DHEA treatment tended to reduce glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, which may have resulted in limited supply for de novo synthesis of DNA via inhibiting the hexose monophophaste pathway. Although both DHEA and vitamin E effectively reduced preneoplastic foci in this model, they seemed to fimction in different mechanisms. In conclusion, DHEA may be used to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting NADPH synthesis, cell proliferation and anti-oxidant enzyme activities during tumor growth.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.683-692
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• 2004

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major naturally-occurring polyphenol of Curcuma species, which is commonly used as a yellow coloring and flavoring agent in foods. Curcumin has shown anti-carcinogenic activity in animal models. Curcumin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen-generating enzymes such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase; and an effective inducer of heme oxygenase-1. Curcumin is also a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C(PKC), EGF(Epidermal growth factor)-receptor tyrosine kinase and LĸB kinase. Subsequently, curcumin inhibits the activation of NF(nucleor factor)KB and the expressions of oncogenes including c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, NIK, MAPKs, ERK, ELK, PI3K, Akt, CDKs and iNOS. It is proposed that curcumin may suppress tumor promotion through blocking signal transduction path-ways in the target cells. The oxidant tumor promoter TPA activates PKC by reacting with zinc thiolates present within the regulatory domain, while the oxidized form of cancer chemopreventive agent such as curcumin can inactivate PKC by oxidizing the vicinal thiols present within the catalytic domain. Recent studies indicated that proteasome-mediated degradation of cell proteins playa pivotal role in the regulation of several basic cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, cell cycling, and apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that curcumin-induced apoptosis is mediated through the impairment of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Curcumin was first biotransformed to dihydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin and that these compounds subsequently were converted to monoglucuronide conjugates. These results suggest that curcumin-glucuronide, dihydrocurcumin-glucuronide, tetrahydrocurcumin-glucuronide and tetrahydrocurcumin are the major metabolites of curcumin in mice, rats and humans.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2010

일반 느타리 13품종과 색상 느타리 5품종을 사용하여 아미노산 및 polyphenol, $\beta$-glucan 함량을 분석하고, 생리활성으로 항산화 및 항암, 항고혈압, 항혈전, 항당뇨, 항염활성을 측정하였다. 느타리버섯 18종의 아미노산 분석결과 전반적으로 감칠맛을 내는 glutamic acid 함량이 비교적 많이 함유되어 있었고, 필수아미노산 성분도 고르게 분포되어 있었다. Polyphenol 함량에서는 전품종에서 20 mg% 함량이상을 나타냈으며, 노랑느타리(R)가 $39.13{\pm}0.82\;mg%$로 가장 높았다. $\beta$-glucan 함량은 노랑느타리(R)에서 $37.67{\pm}0.22%$로 가장 높았으며, 그 외에 원형1(C), 장안PK(A)에서 각각 $28.75{\pm}0.61%$, $27.95{\pm}0.33%$의 순으로 나타났다. 전자공여능에서는 노랑느타리(R) 버섯의 DPPH $IC_{50}$값이 $2.93{\pm}0.44\;mg/mL$로 가장 낮아 항산화 활성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 세포독성 실험에서는 노랑느타리(R) 에탄올 추출물 1% 처리시 신장 암세포에 대해 36.90%의 세포 억제율을 보였다. ACE 저해활성의 경우 노랑느타리(R) 에탄올 추출물 1%농도에서 $60.5{\pm}0.2%$의 저해율이 측정되었고, 흑평(B) $56.7{\pm}1.1%$, 여름(H) $52.4{\pm}1.3%$ 수준으로 나타났다. 항혈전 활성에서는 3%농도에서 흑평(B)과 삼복(G)을 제외한 나머지 느타리버섯 에탄올 추출물에서 50%이상의 용해 활성을 보였으며 노랑느타리(R)에서 거의 plasmin과 동등한 활성을 나타냈다. 항당뇨 활성에서는 노랑느타리(R)의 경우 $50.5{\pm}0.8%$의 비교적 높은 효소저해율이 측정되었고, 항염활성에서는 노랑느타리(R)에서 $68.4{\pm}0.3%$의 억제율이 측정되었다. 이상의 결과로 일반 느타리 13 품종과 육종 재배된 색상 느타리 5품종 중 노랑느타리(R)가 가장 우수한 생리활성을 나타내 향후 기능성 소재로의 활용가능성이 기대되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

로즈마리(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)는 식품소재로서 널리 사용되고 있으며 다양한 생리활성이 보고되어 있다. 그러나 극성이 다른 용매 추출물의 상호작용과 생리활성에 관한 연구는 잘 정립되어서 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 로즈마리 분말을 hexane, EtOAc, MeOH 그리고 95%, 70%, 50% 또는 25% EtOH 및 물로 추출한 다음, 각각의 용매 추출물의 항산화, 항비만, 항 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성 및 미백효과 등을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 로즈마리 추출물의 항산화 및 tyrosinase 저해 효과는 비교적 극성이 높은 50% EtOH, 25% EtOH 및 증류수 추출물이 가장 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성억제는 EtOH의 농도가 높은 50~95%와 MeOH 추출물에서 효과가 가장 좋았다. 지방세포의 분화억제는 70% EtOH로 처리시에 가장 효과가 좋았으며, EtOH의 농도가 70% 보다 증가하거나 감소하였을 경우에는 농도에 비례하여 감소하였다. 본 실험의 결과 최적의 추출용매는 항산화, tyrosinase 저해, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성억제 및 지방세포의 분화 억제 등의 질환에 따라서 차이가 있었다. 이러한 추출용매를 고려하면 추출용매에 따라서 최적의 생리활성 성분의 종류와 함량이 차이가 있고 이로 인하여 생리활성 효과도 달라진 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2020

Objective : The aim of present study was to clarify the effect of Areca Semen and Toosendan Fructus Mixture (AT-mix) on chronic reflux esophagitis (CRE) in rats. Methods : The antioxidant activity of AT-mix was measured through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in vitro. CRE was induced in SD rats (5 weeks, male) by ligating the border forestomach and granular portion with 2-0 silk and the duodenum near the pyloric portion was covered with 2-mm wide piece of 18-Fr Nélaton catheter. And then rats were treated AT-mix 200 mg/kg one daily for 14 days. The anti-oxidant and inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. Results : Gross lesion of esophageal mucosa after AT-mix treatment showed a superior enhancement compared with that of CRE control rats. AT-mix treatment strongly reduced both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (DPPH, IC₅₀ 8.15±0.14 ㎍/mL; ABTS, IC₅₀ 24.69±0.03 ㎍/mL, repspectively). Levels of the NADPH oxidase subunit including NOX4 and p22^phox increased in CRE control rats. Otherwise, AT-mix treatment significantly reduced. The activation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) led to significantly the up-regulation of HO-1. The inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation led to NF-κB inactivation. Subsequently, NF-κB inactivation significantly induced the decrease of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein expressions. Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that AT-mix treatment can attenuate the esophageal mucosal ulcer though inhibiting NF-κB pathway and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Thus, the additional mechanism study about AT-mix would need for the development as a safe herbal therapy for CRE.