• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 1993

The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract from Gleditsiae spina was investigated utilizing carrageenin-induced edema, granuloma pouch and adjuvant arthritis in rats. The effects of this agent on vascular permeability and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice were also examined. Its anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin edema was observed with oral administration. The aqueous extract from Gleditsiae spina(400 mg/kg, 7 days) showed significant inhibitory effects on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. In the method of adjuvant arthritis, the aqueous extract(400 mg/kg), orally administered for 21 days, inhibited the development of hind paw edema in rats. The aqueous extract was also inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and the number of writhings induced by acetic acid in mice. In the present study, the aqueous extract of Gleditsiae spina was indicated to have the anti-inflammatory action.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

In Northeast Asia, Paeoniae Radix has been used in treatments of inflammation-causing diseases such as arthritis for many centuries. Paeoniflorin, one of the principle bioactive monoterpene glucosides from the paeony root, is reported to be mostly responsible for the effectiveness of the treatments. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of a monoterpene, paeoniflorigenone (PFG) which partially has the moiety of paeoniflorin minus a glucose structure is unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of PFG. For the investigation, PFG activity on the NO (nitric oxide) production from LPS-stimulated macrophages, and the anti-inflammatory effect was tested in the animal model of septic arthritis caused by Candida albicans, a major etiological agent for septic arthritis. For induction of the arthritis, mice were administered with an emulsion of C. albicans cell wall (CACW) mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) via footpad-injection (Day 0); PFG at a dose of 0.5 or 1 mg/mouse (25 or 50 mg/kg of body-weight) was given to the animals on Day 3, 6, and 9; footpads were scored for arthritis. Moreover, the PFG effect on proliferation of T-lymphocyte that causes aggravation of arthritis was additionally tested. Data resulting from those tests showed that PFG inhibited the NO production from the stimulated macrophage in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05), indicating that PFG is an anti-inflammatory. To confirm the in-vitro results, anti-inflammatory activity of PFG was determined against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis. Data showed that PFG-treatment reduced footpad-swelling which indicates that PFG has anti-arthritic effect (P<0.05), which is therapeutic. The anti-arthritic effect appeared to be mediated by PFG suppression of T-cell proliferation. Ultimately, PFG, a monoterpene component, has anti-inflammatory activity analogous to paeoniflorin. The anti-inflammatory activity treats the septic arthritis due to a pathogenic fungus C. albicans.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

Objectives : Bojungikgitang (BJT), the Oriental medical prescription has been traditionally used about improvement of immune response and infective disease at Asian nation. In this study, we has compared about the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on BJT of three countries including Korea (Korean Traditional Medicine, KTM), China (Traditional Chinese Medicine, CTM) and Japan (Japanese Traditional Medicine, JTM). Methods : We has basically using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of these inflammatory mediators has measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, free radical scavenging assay has tested for anti-oxidative activity as well as the contents of total flavonoid and polyphenol. Results : As a result, we were founded the inhibitory effects of BJT (KTM, CTM, JTM) on LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 as well as the anti-oxidative activities. Especially the KTM was most effective in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Conclusions : These results indicate that BJT (KTM, CTM, JTM) has a good anti- inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. But, there were degree of effects on between pharmacopoeia of the countries. Thus, further study is required that find appropriate methods for extracting as well as establish of standardized processes in order to improve the quality of BJT (KTM, CTM, JTM) as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.977-981
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• 2005

Most inflammatory disorders are usually treated using anti-inflammatory drugs including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAID). In a prolonged use, however, they may frequently produce adverse side-effects. Thus, it is necessarily required to develop a new anti-inflammatory drug with little side-effects. Nephrite has been widely used by traditional oriental medicine to cure the various chronic diseases. In order to verify the anti-inflammatory activity of nephrite, the TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate) or the croton oil-induced edema was developed in the mouse ears and the nephrite powder suspension or the nephrite water was directly applied to the ear edema. It was found that nephrite could significantly reduce the ear swelling implying its strong potential as an active anti-inflammatory agent when comparing to indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.372-374
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• 1997

In order to develop new anti-inflammatory agents having different action mechanisms compared with nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the culture broths of various actinomycetes isolated from soil were screened using an in vivo mouse ear edma assay and one strain (Streptomyces sp. MT 2705-4: KCTC 8651 P) was selected. Activity-guided purification led to the isolation of a polyether compound, dianemycin. Topically, dianemycin showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity in mouse ear edema induced by croton-oil or arachidonic acid.$ED_{50}$value of dianemycin was found to be 0.8 mg,/ear compared to 0.4 mg/ear of prednisolone in croton-oil ear edema. However, dianemycin did not show the inhibitory activity in UV-erythema and delayed hypersensitivity reaction. These results indicate that dianemycin is a potential topical anti-inflammatory agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2016

Earth worm (Eisenia andrei) and clam worm (Perinereis linea) have been used as anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. However, it is unclear how they exerted their physiological effects in macrophages. In this experiment, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of clam worm extract (CWE) and earth worm extract (EWE) in RAW264.7 cells were examined by measuring MDA, catalase, SOD, GSH-Px and inflammatory cytokines (nitric oxide, iNOS, interleukin-$1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$). Treatment with CWE significantly increased the activities of catalase, SOD and GSH-Px in RAW264.7 cells and decreased the level of MDA. Interestingly, treatment with CWE induced more activities of SOD than EWE. In addition, CWE decreased NO production, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in RAW264.7. The EWE also decreased NO production and iNOS, but increased COX-2 and IL-$1{\beta}$ suggesting that CWE could be better resources for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent than EWE. Taken together, these results indicate that CWE has the potential as a natural antioxidant and a therapeutic for inflammation-related diseases.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-126
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• 1998

Inner nutshell of Castanea crenata has been used as an anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agent from the ancient time in east Asia. In order to develop new anti-aging and anti-wrinkle, ethanolic extract of inner nutshell of Castanea crenata was prepared and various biological activities were evaluated. Cor-285 possessed potent tree radical scavenging activity in vitro compared to gallic acid. Cor-285 showed the preventive effect against UV-induced cytotoxicity of fibroblast at concentration of 25-250mg/ml. When Cor-285 was evaluated for its anti-allergic activity, it effectively inhibited histamine release from mast cells induced by compound 48/80. The inhibitory activity was stronger than that of glycyrrhizinate. Cor-285 also showed on vivo inhibition against delayed hypersensitivity as well as croton-oil induced ear edema in mice when topically applied. These results strongly suggest that Cor-285 may reduce immunoregulatory/inflammatory skin trouble. From the attempts to isolate the scavenger, were isolated. In a clinical trial of twenty healthy volunteers with aged skin, 6 weeks application of Cor-285 decreased wrinkle about 26% and increased moisturizing 20% on the skin. All of these results indicate that Cor-285 may be an effective anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agent.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Dioscoreae Rhizome (DR) has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases and is reported to have anti-diabetes and anti-tumor activities. To identify a bioactive traditional medicine with anti-inflammatory activity of a water extract of DR (EDR), we determined the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through RT-PCR and western blot analysis and performed a FACS analysis for measuring surface molecules. EDR dose-dependently decreased the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and $PGE_2$, as well as mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as determined by western blot and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7-1 and B7-2 was also reduced by EDR. Furthermore, activation of the nuclear transcription factor, NF-${\kappa}B$, but not that of IL-4 and IL-10, in macrophages was inhibited by EDR. These results show that EDR decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory protein level, suggesting that EDR could be a useful immunomodulatory agent for treating immunological diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2001

Loxoprofen sodium is an orally used anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent. For alleviation or inhibition of the pain symptoms regardless of referred or superficial pain, the prompt absorption of a drug and its immediate bioavailability might be generally required for a formulation or development of a new drug. Therefore, in intramuscular administration, its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects were evaluated compared with an oral administration in animals. The occurrence of gastric damages which is common in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was also observed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.500-504
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• 2002

Propolis, obtained from honeybee hives, has been used in Oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and immunomodulatory agent. There is considerable evidence suggesting that angiogenesis and chronic inflammation are codependent. Blockage of angiogenesis results in an anti-inflammatory effect. Ethanol (EEP) and ether extracts of propolis (REP), and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, were examined for their anti-angiogenic activities using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and the calf pulmonary arterial endothelial (CPAE) cell proliferation, assays. The presence of EEP, REP and CAPE inhibited angiogenesis in the CAM assay and the proliferation of CPAE cells. The results suggest that anti-angiogenic activities of EEP, REP and CAPE are also responsible for their anti-inflammatory effect.