• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2006

Objectives : We investigated the aniti-aging effects of the cosmetic products with Pinus densiflora on human skin by using non-invasive instruments. Methods : We made cosmetic products containing the extract of the needles of red pine, and measured physiological effects such as skin wrinkles, clarity, evenness, lifting, corneocyte exfoliation after volunteers applied the cosmetic products for 8 weeks. Results : We observed a skin lifting effect and a decrease in corneocytes amount after using the cosmetic products for 4 weeks. And the wrinkles, evenness and clarity of face skin improved significantly. Conclusion : We concluded that the cosmetic products containing the extract of the needles of reel pine had an anti-aging effect on the human face skin.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2021

This study was intended to investigate the potential of Astragalus membranaceus ethanol extract(AM) and Astragalus membranaceus bioconversion extract(AMB) as functional cosmetic materials. To confirm the antioxidant effect, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and a study was conducted on skin cell toxicity and skin cell aging through cell experiments. As a result of the antioxidant experiment, the content of polyphenols and flavonoids increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the effects of polyphenols and flavonoids, and it was confirmed that the ethanol extracts were higher than the bioconversion extracts. It was confirmed that the AM and AMB increased the MMP1 expression inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner in HDF cells. Therefore, this study is considered to be very useful as a functional cosmetic material in terms of antioxidant and skin aging prevention when using AM and AMB as functional cosmetic materials.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate whitening effects and anti-wrinkle effects of a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines. Methods : In the first study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against the tyrosinase. In the second study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against elastase. Results : 1. We showed 28%, 27% and 19% inhibitions of mushroom tyrosinase at 500 $\mu$g/ml concentration of ASR, AIF and ABR extracts and they were showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin's. We also could observe that the decreased mushroom tyrosinase activities in RR, CML, LR, AGR and TH extracts. 2. RR, AF and ABR (final concentrstion 1 mg/ml) were appeared 60%, 98%, 83% of inhibitions of elastase activity, and they were showed higher anti-elastase activity than that of ursolic acid. We also could observe that the decreased elastase activities in AIF, AR, LR and CML extracts. Conclusions : These results suggest that ASR, AIF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-melanin activities and represent potential sources of whitening agent, and RR, AF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-elastase activities and represent potential sources of anti-wrinkle agent. These results suggest that some herbal medicines could be strong potential sources of inhibition about anti-aging and whitening effects for the skin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.818-826
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• 2021

5-Aminolevulinic acid phosphate (5-ALA-p) is a substance obtained by eluting 5-ALA (a natural delta amino acid) with aqueous ammonia, adding phosphoric acid to the eluate, and then adding acetone to confer properties suitable for use in photodynamic therapy applications. However, its pharmacological efficacy, including potential mechanisms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory reactions, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-ALA-p on oxidative and inflammatory stresses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our data showed that 5-ALA-p significantly inhibited excessive phagocytic activity via LPS and attenuated oxidative stress in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, 5-ALA-p improved mitochondrial biogenesis reduced by LPS, suggesting that 5-ALA-p restores mitochondrial damage caused by LPS. Additionally, 5-ALA-p significantly suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, which are associated with the inhibition of inducible NO synthase and respective cytokine expression. Furthermore, 5-ALA-p reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of 5-ALA-p is mediated through the suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Based on these results, 5-ALA-p may serve as a potential candidate to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.284-291
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise (EX) and Korean red ginseng (KRG) on inflammation mechanism in aging model rats with diet-induced atherosclerosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: Young control (Y-C), Aging control (A-C), A-C with HFD (AHF), AHF with EX (AHF-EX), AHF-EX with KRG (AHF-EX+RG), and AHF with KRG (AHF-RG). Aging was induced by D-gal (100mg/kg) and atherosclerosis was induced by HFD (60% fat) for 9 weeks. The experimental rats were performed swimming (60 min/day, 5 days/week) and supplied KRG orally (dose of 200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. All rat aorta samples were harvested for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. REULTS: The EX and KRG supplementation significantly inhibited body weight and levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and enhance of HDL-C compared with untreated AHF groups. AHF-EX, AHF-EX+RG, and AHF-RG group showed a decreased plasma CRP and increase plasma NO activities compared to AHF group. In addition, these groups revealed reduced 4-HNE, NF-kB, TNF-, ${\alpha}$, IL-6, COX-2, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and enhanced eNOS expression in the aorta. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EX alone, KRG alone, and combined treatment of EX and KRG may be an effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic for the atherosclerosis, possibly acting via the decreased of CRP and pro-inflammation proteins and the increased NO and eNOS.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2008

Effects of commercial and lab-generated gellan gums on the textural properties, structure, and aging of wheat and maize starch gels were investigated using a rapid visco-analyzer (RVA), rheometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffractometer. Gellan and guar gums increased the peak and final viscosities, but xanthan gum and gum arabic reduced them. The maize starch had higher breakdown viscosity than the wheat starch, regardless of the type of gum. The hardness of all starch gels increased during storage, but their cohesiveness and springiness decreased. The degree of the gel hardness showed higher in maize starch than in wheat starch and the effect of gum addition had a difference with gum type. The wheat starch-guar and -gellan gum mixed gels showed higher elasticity and cohesiveness after storage. The starch-gellan gum mixed gels had dense and stable network structures, and were well maintained even after 7 days of storage. Most of the gums had anti-aging effect on X-ray diffraction pattern of starch gels.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.74-86
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• 2005

Background: There are increasing neuro-degenerative disorders with aging. Paeoniae Radix(PR) possesses various pharmacological effects such as sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress and neuro-protective actions. Also antiaging and anti-cancer effects of PR were reported. Our purpose was to investigate whether PR is useful on the treatment of Parkinson's disease, one of the neuro-degenerative disorders. Objective: We investigated whether Paeonia Radix possesses a protective effect against 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridine(MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and Western blotting were performed on SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Results: Cells treated with MPP+ exhibited several apoptotic features, while cells pre-treated with Paeonia Radix prior to MPP+ exposure showed s decrease in the occurrence of apoptotic features. Conclusions: These results suggest that Paeonia Radix may exert a protective effect against MPP+-induced apoptosis in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

Objective This study was aimed to provide the information about Cheongsimyeonja-tang by domestic papers and theses. Method 50 Domestic papers related to Cheongsimyeonja-tang were selected according to the criteria. These papers were classified and analyzed by research designs, methods and results. Result The following results were obtained in this study. 1. 19 experimental studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang were mainly focused on anti-aging, followed by anti-allergy, anti-inflammation, improvement of immune system. And there were 4 experimental studies on the safety of Cheongsimyeonja-tang, proving safety by acute toxicity test, nephrotoxicity test, drug interaction, and test of residual ingredients after decoction. 2. 25 clinical studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang were mainly focused on cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases, followed by psychiatric and otologic disorder, dermatologic and musculoskeletal diseases. Also, there were 2 studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang for diabetes insipidus, macular degeneration, digestive disorder in terminal cancer, drug-induced hepatitis. 3. More evidenced studies on Cheongsimyeonja-tang are needed and it is recommended that psychiatric questionnaire should be used for assessing the effects of Cheongsimyeonja-tang.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2018

Aronia (black chokeberry), a species of berries is source to a very large number of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins in comparison to any other species. Owing to its antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. Fermentation- a bioconversion process exploiting the biological metabolic reaction of micro-organisms, has several benefits like improving the efficacy and safety of physiologically active substances, generation of new functional material, improving the adsorption rate and many others. Antigens like pathogens, food, pollen etc., generate a protective immune response in body tissues, and the process be referred to as inflammation. However, this when excessive results in a condition referred to as refractory inflammatory disease, whose incidence is increasing in the recent times, especially amongst children. The current study intended to assess the anti-oxidant activity, presence of polyphenols and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Aronia extract fermented by Lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented sea foods. Aronia fruits collected from Sunchang, Chonbuk were lyophilized for fermentation. So as to maximise the efficacy of the fermented Aronia extract, the quantitative effects of lactic acid bacteria species, composition of extraction solution, influence of temperature and time on antioxidant activity and total polyphenol contents were investigated using an experimental design. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on NO and cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) production in LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells. Results indicated that antioxidant effect and total polyphenol contents were best improved in extract of Aronia fermented by P. pentosaceus. In addition, NO and cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) levels were decreased significantly after fermentation. Thus, it was found that the anti-inflammatory activity of Aronia greatly increased after fermentation process using P. pentosaceus.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Objectives : It had been reported that herbal medicines containing polyphenol and flavonoid have been shown to be associated with decreased the cause of aging and variety of disease such as reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species in several recent studies. Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, origined fromSalvia miltiorrhizaBGE., is one of popular traditional herbal medicines that is commonly used by traditional medicine practitioners. To this date, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix has more than 2000-year history of mature application. This study was conducted to investigate whether the Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation.Methods : Cytotoxic activity of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using griess reagent system. Western blot analysis and measurement for changes of protein expression, nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, also performed.Results : The medicinal plant, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration (25-100 μg/ml). SMR showed anti-oxiative effectsin vitroby decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and COX-2 expressin in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. SMR inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner.Conclusions : These results indicate that Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects, and the anti-inflammatory effect was presentedd as dose dependant manner.