• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2017

Solid-state alkaline water electrolysis is a promising method for producing hydrogen using renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. Despite active investigations of component development for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), understanding of the device performance remains insufficient for the commercialization of AEMWE. The study of assembled AEMWE devices is essential to validate the activity and stability of developed catalysts and electrolyte membranes, as well as the dependence of the performance on the device operating conditions. Herein, we review the development of catalysts and membranes reported by different AEMWE companies such as ACTA S.p.A. and Proton OnSite and device operating conditions that significantly affect the AEMWE performance. For example, $CuCoO_x$ and $LiCoO_2$ have been studied as oxygen evolution catalysts by Acta S.p.A and Proton OnSite, respectively. Anion exchange membranes based on polyethylene and polysulfone are also investigated for use as electrolyte membranes in AEMWE devices. In addition, operation factors, including temperature, electrolyte concentration and acidity, and solution feed methods, are reviewed in terms of their influence on the AEMWE performance. The reaction rate of water splitting generally increases with increase in operating temperature because of the facilitated kinetics and higher ion conductivity. The effect of solution feeding configuration on the AEMWE performance is explained, with a brief discussion on current AEMWE performance and device durability.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.804-811
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• 2011

본 연구는 흡착제의 흡착특성을 이해하는데 이용되는 각종 흡착모델의 적용성을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 상용의 음이온교환수지(PA-308)를 이용하여 질산성질소에 대한 흡착특성을 회분식 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 음이온교환수지에 의한 질산성질소의 속도실험 결과는 초기의 빠른 흡착과정과 후기의 느린 흡착 과정의 두 가지 단계의 과정으로 이원화되는 경향을 나타내었다. 1차 속도식과 2차 속도식 모두 전체 반응시간에서의 질산성질소에 대한 음이온교환수지의 흡착속도를 수식화 할 수 없었다. 초기의 빠른 흡착반응($t\leq$ 20분)은 1차 속도식에 따르고 외부확산에 의해 거의 지배되는 거동을 보이는 반면, 후기 느린 흡착반응(t > 20분)은 2차 속도 화학반응과 내부확산, 즉 세공 내 확산에 의해서 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.404-412
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• 2002

Nine copper(Ⅱ) oxyanion, and mixed oxyanion complexes that have four- or five-coordinate geometries around copper(Ⅱ) centers were derived from sparteine copper(Ⅱ) dinitrate precursor [Cu($C_{15}$$H_{26}$N2)(NO3)2]. The precursor complex undergoes an anion exchange with various oxyanions, and an interchange reaction with other sparteine copper(Ⅱ) complexes. The [Cu($C_{15}$$H_{26}$N2)(CH3CO2)2] also undergoes "halogen atom abstraction" reaction with CCl4 to produce the mixed anion complex [Cu($C_{15}$$H_{26}$N2)(CH3CO2)Cl]. The whole set of prepared complexes has been used for the comparative electrochemical and spectroscopic studies.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.527-534
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 폐수 중의 음이온성 오염물질을 효율적으로 제거하기 위한 필터형의 고분자 흡착제를 개발하는데 있다. 음이온 교환기능기를 갖는 고분자 흡착제를 합성하기 위하여 DETA를 아민원으로 하는 화학적 개질반응을 이용하여 PP-g-AA 부직포의 카르복시기를 아민기로 변환시켰다. FT-IR분석결과는 그라프트된 아크릴산이 DETA와 반응하여 아미드화됨에 따라 PP-g-AA에 아민그룹이 도입되었음을 시사하였다. PP-g-AA의 아민화율은 반응온도가 높을수록, 반응시간이 길수록 증가하였으며, PP-g-AA 부직포를 용매를 이용하여 먼저 팽윤시키거나 금속염화물 촉매를 첨가한 다음 아민화 반응을 실시하였을 때 더욱 증가하였다. 팽윤용매별 아민화율은 $NH_4OH>HCl{\geq}MeOH>H_2O$, 금속염화물 촉매별 아민화율은 $AlCl_3>FeCl_3{\geq}SnCl_2{\gg}ZnCl_2{\geq}FeCl_2$순으로 높게 나타났다. 다만 촉매의 첨가는 DETA의 재사용을 제한하기 때문에 제조비용과 폐기물 관리면에서 그 유용성이 낮았다. PP-g-AA-Am 부직포의 음이온 교환능은 아민화율이 증가할수록 증가하였으나 대략 $50{\sim}60%$의 아민화율에서 최대가 되었으며, 상용의 음이온교환수지의 교환능에 비해 높았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.907-912
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• 2007

Ion exchange resin was used to remove silica ion at ultralow concentration. The effects of temperature, type of ion exchange resin and single/mixed-resin systems on removal efficiency were estimated. As temperature increased, the slope of concentration profile became stiff, and the equilibrium concentration was higher. In the single resin system, the removal of silica was continued up to 400 min, but the silica concentration was recovered to initial concentration after 400 min due to the effect of dissolved $CO_2$. In the mixed-resin system it took about 600 min to reach equilibrium. Because of faster cation exchange reaction than anion exchange reaction, the effect of $CO_2$ could be removed. Based on the experimental results carried out in the mixed-resin system, the selectivity coefficients of silica ion for each ion exchange resin were calculated at some specific temperatures. The temperature dependency of the selectivity coefficient was expressed by the equation of Kraus-Raridon type.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.903-913
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 싸이크론 헥산에서 PVC와 트리에틸디아민 (TEDA), 1,4-디메틸피페라진(DMP) 및 1,4-비스(이미다졸-1-일메틸)벤젠을 각각 치환반응시켜서3가지 형태의 PVC 멤브레인, AEM-1, AEM-2, and AEM-3를 제조하였다. AEM-1, AEM-2, and AEM-3멤브레인의 성공적인 제조 여부를 이온전도도(S/cm), 물함수율 (%), 접촉각, 이온교환능력 (m_eq/g), 열분석, SEM 및 XPS 분석 통하여 확인하였다. 또한, 제조된 가교 음이온 PVC멤브레인을 사용하여 유기전해질에서 전기화학 캐퍼시터 실험을 수행한 결과, 제조된 AEM-1, AEM-2 AEM-3 멤브레인의 경우 유기전해질에서 충/방전실험결과 매우 안정적임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 치환반응 후에 용매 캐시팅법으로 제조된 PVC기반 멤브레인 (AEM-1, AEM-2, 및 AEM-3)의 경우 유기전기화학캐퍼시터 (슈퍼캐퍼시터)용 분리막으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2022

Pt-Ni nanocatalysts were loaded on carbon black by spontaneous reduction reaction of platinum (II) acetylacetonate and nickel (II) acetylacetonate, and they were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (EDS), BET surface area and fuel cell test station. The distribution of the Pt and Ni nanoparticles was observed by TEM, and the loading weight of Pt-Ni nanocatalysts on the carbon black was measured by TGA. The elemental ratio of Pt and Ni was estimated by EDS. It was found that the loading weight of Pt-Ni nanoparticles was 5.54 wt%, and the elemental ratio of Pt and Ni was 0.48:0.35. Specific surface area was measured by BET analysis instrument and I-V characteristics were estimated.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2000

Nitrate-selective ion exchange resin which have bulky tertiary amine as functional group have been synthesized by the reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and the corresponding tertiary amine [$NR_3=NE_{t3} 1, N{(C_2 H_4 H_3)}_32]$in ethanol, while commercial resin has $NMe_3$ as functional group. The fundamental properties such as bulk density, water content, appearance index, exchange capacity, effective size, uniformity coefficient of synthesized anion exchange resin (1) have been measured. The ion exchange resin (1) and (2) exhibited the better selectivity for nitrate than sulfate in both batch and continuous column experiments.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.412-419
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• 2023

Anion exchange membrane electrolysis is considered a promising next-generation hydrogen production technology that can produce low-cost, clean hydrogen. However, anion exchange membrane electrolysis technology is in its early stages of development and requires intensive research on electrodes, which are a key component of the catalyst-system interface. In this study, we optimized the pressure conditions of the hot-pressing process to manufacture cobalt oxide electrodes for the development of a high uniformity and high adhesion electrode production process for the oxygen evolution reaction. As the pressure increased, the reduction of pores within the electrode and increased densification of catalytic particles led to the formation of a uniform electrode surface. The cobalt oxide electrode optimized for pressure conditions exhibited improved catalytic activity and durability. The optimized electrode was used as the anode in an AEMWE single cell, exhibiting a current density of 1.53 A cm^-2 at a cell voltage of 1.85 V. In a durability test conducted for 100 h at a constant current density of 500 mA cm^-2, it demonstrated excellent durability with a low degradation rate of 15.9 mV kh^-1, maintaining 99% of its initial performance.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1587-1592
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• 2006

We report the preparation, structure and magnetic properties of a new pillared complex, copper(II) hydroxy-1,4-butanedisulfonate, $Cu_2(OH)_3(O_3SC_4H_8SO_3)_{1/2}$. The titled compound was obtained by anion exchange, using copper hydroxyl nitrate $(Cu_2(OH)_3NO_3)$ as the starting material. According to the XRD data, this compound exhibits a pillared layered structure with organic layers tilted between the copper hydroxide layers with a tilt angle of $21.8^{\circ}$. FTIR spectroscopy confirms total exchange of nitrate by the sulfonate and indicates that the sulfonate functions are linked to the copper(II) ions with each aliphatic chain bridging the adjacent hydroxide layers. According to the dc and ac magnetic measurements, the title compound is a metamagnet consisting of spin-canted antiferromagnetic layers, with a Neel temperature of 11.8 K.