• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1672-1678
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation activity of the citron seed. The citron seed were separated to hull and embryo, and extracted with n-hexane and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of n-hexane extract. IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of hull (CSE1) and embryo (CSE2) were 3.18 and 8.43 mg/mL, and those of total antioxidant activity were 19.96 and 11.28 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity on CSE1 showed the highest values of 31.61 and 45.17%, respectively. Antiproliferation effects on the MCF7, HepG2, H460, HCT-116, and PC3 cell line showed the highest values of 14.09, 19.12, 12.29, 9.78, and 9.12% in extract concentration of 5 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggested that citron seed can be used for development of functional food material which have biological activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 1999

Soybean (SoyPep) was prepared and evaluated their action on blood lipid profiles, select biochemical indexes and histopathological changes in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Male SHRs were divided into three groups and fed the experimental diet containing 0% (control), 3%, 10% SoyPep for 8 weeks. Lipids, antioxidative vitamin levels, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in plasma were measured, and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activities in kidney, vascular tissue and plasma were also measured. In addition, histopathological changes in various organs were investigated. Dietary SoyPep was effective for lowering plasma levels of triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol. ACE activities in aorta and kidney were decreased in the group fed SoyPep compared to control. There was no difference of plasma GOT and GPT activities, and no histopathological difference in various organs among the experimental groups. Our results suggest that SoyPep has beneficial effects on diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. SoyPep could be useful to develop a novel functional safe food additive for preventing the chronic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1388-1394
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• 2012

The physiological functionalities of 70% ethanol extracts (EE) from Cudrania tricuspidata fruit (ECFD, EE of C. tricuspidata subjected to freeze-drying; ECHD, EE of C. tricuspidata subjected to heat air drying; ECID, EE of C. tricuspidata subjected to infrared drying) were investigated. Yields of freeze-dried powders of ECFD, ECHD, and ECID were 51.50%, 53.91%, and 56.14%, respectively. Color $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and $H^{\circ}$ values of ECHD and ECID decreased. Dried ECHD and ECID had relatively higher contents of total polyphenolics and flavonoids than ECFD. Electron donating abilities at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (w/v) were in order of ECID (62.37%) >ECHD (80.17%)>ECFD (77.80%). Reducing powers ($OD_{700}$) of ECFD, ECHD, and ECID were 0.75, 1.70, and 1.89, respectively. Additionally, ABTS radical scavenging ability of ECID was the highest with a value of 62.37% at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (w/v). Nitrite scavenging activities of ECFD, ECHD, and ECID at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (w/v) were 28.76%, 30.69%, and 41.64%, respectively. SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activities at 5 mg/mL (w/v) were in the order ECFD (891.93 mUnits)>ECHD (723.02 mUnits)>EFID (611.97 mUnits). Whereas ferrous ion chelating activity of ECFD (52.36%) and ECID (47.16%) was significantly higher than that of ECHD (30.04%). ACE inhibitory and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities of ECHD and ECID at a concentration of 1 mg/mL (w/v) were higher than those of ECFD. In conclusion, we provided experimental evidence that extracts of pre-dried C. tricuspidata exhibit increased physiological functionalities. Further, infrared drying technique is the best method for enhancement of antioxidant activity of C. tricuspidata fruit.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.206-213
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• 2005

Antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts of 32 medicinal herbs species were investigated. Terminalia chebula extracts showed strong antibacterial activities. Ethanol extract of Cinnamomum cassia showed good antifungal activity. ACE inhibitory activities or P. corylifolia water extract and Fraction I of P. corylifolia water extract were 65.2 and 81.8%, respectively. Cytotoxicity of ethanol precipitate fraction obtained from water extract of Eugenia caryophyllata was highest.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2013

In order to develop new valuable pear marc nuruk and further, reduce environmental pollution by pear marc from pear juice processing, we prepared pear marc nuruk by incubation of Aspergillus oryzae into pear marc containing 50% of moisture at $30^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. ${\alpha}$-Amylase and glucoamylase activities of the pear marc nuruk were 320.2 IU and 442.8 IU, respectively and its acidic protease activity was showed 142.6 IU. After brewed makgeolli by using the pear marc nuruk, cooked rice and Saccharmyces cerevisiae, its physicochemical characteristics was investigated. Ethanol content of pear marc nuruk-makgeolli was 6.8% after fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days and also pear marc makgeolli showed 45.6% of antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. In conclusion, pear marc nuruk had high amylase activity and pear marc-makgeolli had also good fermentation characteristics and antihypertensive ACE inhibitory activity. Therefore, it has the potential to become a new nuruk for brewing makgeolli.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

Physiological activities in mulberry leaf and fruit were examined. Electron-donating ability (EDA), tyrosinase activity, SOD-like action (SOD), angiotensin I-converting enzyme-(ACE) inhibitory activity,and nitrite-scavenging ability of mulberry leaf and fruitextracted with water, with 50% (v/v) or with 100% ethanol, were measured. The EDA of mulberry leaf and fruit extracted with water or 50% (v/v) ethanol were greater (by 65.72-81.30%) than that with the 100% ethanol extract, whereas the activities of both former extracts were lower than those with 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. The SOD-like activities of water, 50% (v/v) and 100% ethanol extracts of all samples were 24.13.26.80% lower than those of 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. Nitrite-scavenging activity at pH 1.2 was observed in all extracts. The results further our understanding of the physiological activities of mulberry leaf and fruit extracts.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.857-863
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, nitrate synthesis inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation inhibitory effect on ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of $Coreopsis$ $tinctoria$ Nutt. Ethyl acetate fraction was the strongest at 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) ($IC_{50}=0.100mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and 2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenozothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (15.785 mg AA $eq{\cdot}10mg^{-1}$) radical scavenging activity, ACE (40.96% at $1mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=0.125mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) inhibitory effect among the solvent fractions. Nitrate synthesis inhibitory activity of ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited NO formation in a dose-dependent manner without the cytotoxic effect. Ethanol extract and its solvent fractions inhibited growth of HCT-116 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. n-Hexane fraction showed the highest antiproliferation inhibitory effect of $0.041mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ among fractions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1022-1030
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• 2007

For the improvement on the quality and functionality of red tanner crab cooking drip, the preparation of hydrolysates from red crab cooking drip using commercial enzymes (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase and Protamex) was attempted and its taste, nutritional and functional characteristics were also investigated. According to the results of heavy metal contents and proximate composition, red tanner crab cooking drip (RTCCD) could be used as a food resource. From the results of the trichloroacetic acid soluble index (TSI), angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity and antioxidative activity, RTCCD hydrolysates incubated with Alcalase for 2 hrs was superior to the other one-step hydrolysates. There were no differences in the ACE inhibiting activity and antioxidative activity between one-step hydrolysates, which was incubated with Alcalase for 2 hrs, and two-step hydrolysates sequentially incubated with Alcalase and other enzymes. Alcalase-treated hydrolysates was similar in proximate composition and Hunter color value, while high in free amino acid content compared with crab cooking drip. Total amino acid content of Alcalase-treated hydrolysates was 11.9 g/100 mL and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (10.2%), proline (10.1%) and glycine (10.7%).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.391-397
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• 2007

To develop new high valuable Gugija (Lycium chinensis), biofunctionalities of Gugija standard species and its hybrids were investigated and compared with each water extracts and methanol extracts from Lycii Fructus, Lycii Folium and buds and Lycii Cortex Radicis. Among various biofunctionalities of Gugija standard species, antioxidant activity was showed the highest in methanol extracts from buds of Cheongwoon species (93%) and antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was 84.1% in the water extracts from Lycii Cortex Radicis of Cheongyang NO.7. Futhermore, methanol extracts from Lycii Cortex Radicis of Myungan A-2 hybrid showed 93.1% of antioxidant activity and 96.9% of ACE inhibitory activity was also showed in the methanol extracts from Lycii Fructus of DO148-72(A11) hybrid. However, fibrinolytic activity and anticholesteromia HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity were weak or not detected in almost of Gugija standard species and its hybrids. Therefore, we finally selected Cheongwoon Gugija standard species (buds) and Myungan A-2 hybrid (Lycii Cortex Radicis) as good antioxidant sources and also DO148-72 (A11) hybrid (Lycii Fructus) as excellent antihypertensive ACE inhibitior sources for manufacturing functional food product.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2009

Purpose : Adiponectin is a molecule that plays an important role in the metabolic syndrome. In addition, its concentration is known to be decreased in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Although a relationship between hypertension and serum adiponectin concentrations has been reported by several authors, such findings continue to be debated. We investigated whether hypoadiponectinemia is related to hypertension in adolescents and studied the associated genetic polymorphism. Methods : Forty hypertensive adolescents (Age 16-17 years old) and twenty normotensive matched subjects were included. Serum adipo-nectin, insulin, renin, aldosterone and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels were compared. Their carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured. Polymorphisms of the adiponectin I164T gene were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results : The hypertensive adolescents had significantly greater cIMT and PWV. In addition, the serum aldosterone, renin and insulin levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive group. The plasma concentrations of adiponectin did not differ significantly between the two groups. TC genotype was not found in our study subjects; they all had the TT genotype of the adiponectine gene. Conclusion : The results of our study showed that adiponectin levels were not significantly different in adolescents with hypertension. There was no distinctive genetic polymorphism observed in this group of patients. Further large scale studies are needed to clarify the association between genetic variations and adiponectin in hypertensive adolescents.