• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are key players in host defense against various microbial infections. We investigated the role of NKT cells in immune response to A. phagocytophilum infection using NKT-knockout ($J\alpha$18-/-) mice. $J\alpha$18-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were infected with low-passage A. phagocytophilum and assayed for hepatic histopathology and cytokine production during 7 days post-infection. Compared to WT controls, the infected $J\alpha$18 -/- mice had much less histopathologic lesions and less apoptosis through day 7, and lower concentrations of ${IFN\gamma}$ and IL- 12, but not of IL-10. This result suggests that NKT cells are major components in the pathogenesis of HGA.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.20.1-20.8
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• 2022

Background: Emergent and re-emergent canine tick-borne infections are attracting increasing attention worldwide. The rise in pet ownership and the close relationship between dogs and their owners are the most concerning factors because dogs may act as competent reservoirs for human tick-transmitted infectious agents. Objectives: This study contributes to the epidemiological surveillance of canine tick-transmitted infections with zoonotic risk in the Republic of Korea (ROK) by investigating the seroprevalence of the pathogens, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia canis. Methods: Four hundred and thirty whole blood samples from domestic dogs were collected in seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces in the ROK and tested using SensPERT Ab test kits (VetAll Laboratories^®) to detect seroreactive animals. Results: The seroprevalence rates identified were 9.8% (42/430) for Anaplasma spp., 2.8% (12/430) for B. burgdorferi, and 1.4% (6/430) for E. canis. The risk factors evaluated in this study that could be associated with the development of a humoral immune response, such as sex, age, and history of tick exposure, were similar. There was only one exception for dogs seroreactive to Anaplasma spp., where the risk factor "tick exposure" was statistically significant (p = 0.047). Conclusions: This serological survey exhibited the widespread presence of Anaplasma spp., B. burgdorferi, and E. canis throughout the ROK. Hence, dogs may play a key role as the sentinel animals of multiple zoonotic infectious agents in the country.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.62-67
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• 1983

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.381-386
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• 1994

Evidence is presented for the isolation and characterization of Anaplasma avis in both indigenous (Korean) and exotic goats imported from Australia. These studies were carried out in response to epidemic scenario whereby farmers reported noticing what was described as a mysterious disease characterized by anemia, anorexia, general malaise and a significant morbidity and mortality rate in both types of goat breeds. The syndrome consistent with caprine anaplasmosis was associated with an intraerythrocytic agent occuring in single initial bodies characteristically surrounded by a single-layered membrane whereas the marginal body was typically surrounded by a double-layered membrane. The identity of the etiologic agent was confirmed as Anaplasma avis by light and ultrastructural microscopy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

Anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein-2 (Msp2 or p44) is the immunodominant outer membrane protein of the bacterium. Recently, we disclosed that Msp2 was an A. phagocytophilum adhesin for binding to host neutrophils and HL-60 cells, probably mediated by attachment to platelet selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). In this study, we further elucidated that Msp2 bound to PSGL-1/FucT IV-transfected BJAB but not nontransfected BJAB cells. Binding of recombinant Msp2 or cell (lee bacteria to the surface of PSGL-1/FucT IV-transfected BJAB cells was significantly higher than to nontransfected BJAB cells (p<0.01 and p<0.01). Also, Msp2 monoclonal antibody and soluble recombinant Msp2 as antagonist led to concentration-dependent reductions in A. phagocytophilum adhesln (p<0.05 and p<0.01) to transfected BJAB cells. Thus, we conclude that Msp2 of. A. phagocytophilum acts as an adhesin by which the bacterium binds to PSGL-1 on host neutrophils and myeloid cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the tick-borne pathogens from one hundred nineteen cattle farms (38 farms of Andong, 41 of Yeongju, 12 of Uiseong, 5 of Cheongsong, 5 of Yoengyang, 18 of Bonghwa) in northern areas of Gyeongbuk province by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 119 cattle farms, the positive ratios against Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia were 3.4% (4/119), 10.1% (12/119), 6.7% (8/119), 1.7% (2/119) and 16.8% (20/119), respectively. Also, the PCR results revealed that 8 farms were positive for T. sergenti in positive of Theileria and 2 farms were positive for A. phagocytophilum in positive of Anaplasma. Therefore, further studies regarding vectors, environmental condition, interaction between domestic and wild animals and development of control program are needed to reduce the numbers of bovine tick-borne disease in northern areas of Gyeongbuk province.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.170-173
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• 2005

A 4-year-old female Shunauzer dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungbuk National University due to anorexia and depression. The dog had a history of regular walking on grass fields, weight loss, and hyperthermia $(40.6^{\circ}C)$. In the physical examination, lymph node enlargement was confirmed. Complete blood count result revealed leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia but there was no decreasing of red blood cells. On blood chemistry, serum ALP, GGT, CPK, and LDH were elevated. Abdominal radiograph showed splenomegaly. Anaplasma platys infection was suspected with inclusion body-like substances in platelets on blood smear. Anaplasma platys was confirmed by PCR. On the basis of laboratory examination, final diagnosis was anaplasmosis. Treatment was followed for 3 months with tetracycline and doxycycline. The patient was monitored every week during the treatment. The patient has recovered to normal condition without any clinical signs. We are going to emphasize the need of PCR technique in diagnosis and to report the possibility of long term treatment more than two months in rickettial disease.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

Deer serve as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens that impact on medical and veterinary health worldwide. In the Republic of Korea, the population of Korean water deer (KWD, Hydropotes inermis argyropus) has greatly increased from 1982 to 2011, in part, as a result of reforestation programs established following the Korean War when much of the land was barren of trees. Eighty seven Haemaphysalis flava, 228 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 8 Ixodes nipponensis, and 40 Ixodes persulcatus (21 larvae, 114 nymphs, and 228 adults) were collected from 27 out of 70 KWD. A total of 89/363 ticks (266 pools, 24.5% minimum infection rate) and 5 (1.4%) fed ticks were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum using nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and groEL genes, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 88/89 (98.9%) of positive samples for A. phagocytophilum corresponded to previously described gene sequences from KWD spleen tissues. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 20/363 (5.5%) of the ticks were positive for A. bovis and were identical to previously reported sequences. Using the ITS specific nested PCR, 11/363 (3.0%) of the ticks were positive for Bartonella spp. This is the first report of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. detected in ticks collected from KWD, suggesting that ticks are vectors of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. between reservoir hosts in natural surroundings.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.515-519
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• 2009

Antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis were detected by the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test in sera collected from cats, thoroughbred horses and Holstein cattle in Gwangju, Jeonju and Jeju Island of Korea. Two hundred fifty four sera (33 feral and pet cats, 92 grazing horses and 129 grazing cattle) were obtained from Republic of Korea. Antibodies to A. phagocytophilum (titer $\geq$ 80) were detected in 6 of the 33 feral and pet cats (18.2%), and 1 seropositive cat (3.0%) also had antibodies to E. chaffeensis. Only 1 of 129 (0.8%) cattle and 2 of 92 (2.2%) horses had antibodies to A. phagocytophilum. Antibodies to E. chaffeensis were not detected in either of these animals. This is the first report of serological evidence of A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis from cats, cattle and horses in Korea. These rickettsial agents could have an important impact on human health or impact animal health with economic losses among industrial grazing animals in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Service Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.245.2-245
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• 1997