• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodegradability and performance of organic removal and methane production rate when treating piggery wastewater using a granule of two-phase anaerobic process applied UASB. BMP test was conducted as simple means to monitor relative biodegradability of substrate and to determine methane production of an organic material. The two-phase anaerobic process is consisted of a continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR) for the acidification phase and an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB) for the methanogenesis. The acidogenic reactor played key roles in reducing the periodically applied shock-loading and in the acidification of the influent organics. A stable maximum biogas production rate was 400mL. The methane contents ranged from 73 to 80% during the experimental period. It is known that most of the removed organic matter was converted to methane gas, and the produced biogas might be high quality for its subsequent use.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.649-658
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• 2012

In this study, the influencing factors for efficient anaerobic digestion of high strength ammonia-nitrogen wastewater removal were investigated by testing biochemical methane potential test. In the influencing factors, the trace metals which could increase activity of anaerobic microorganisms, microbial concentration and types were evaluated. In the results, trace metals supplementation showed gas production amount higher than those without addition of trace metals. Among the tested trace metals, B, Ni, and Se were preferable to gas production. In the result of gas production according to the microbial concentration, the amount of gas production was proportional to the microbial concentration. In addition, the shortest lag time and the fastest gas production rate were achieved when the highest microbial concentration was tested. granule-type microorganism produced more gas than suspended-type microorganism. In conclusion, the efficient anaerobic digestion for high strength ammonia-nitrogen wastewater removal could be achieved by applying necessary trace metals injection and high concentration granule type microorganism.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1055-1064
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• 2006

본 연구소에서는 혐기성 입상슬러지를 충진한 UASB 반응기와 탄소섬유를 충진한 배양기를 조합하여 아주 느린 성장특성을 가진 혐기성 암모늄 산화균의 배양을 시도하였다. 연속배양 180일 이후, 유입질소부하가 0.6 kg $N/m^3-d$였을 때, 평균 질소전환율은 0.54 kg $N/m^3-d$로 나타났다. 검은 혐기성 입상슬러지는 연속배양시간이 지남에 따라 갈색과 붉은 색으로 변화되었으며, anammox 반응기는 붉은색 입상슬러지가 많을수록 높은 활성도를 나타내었다. 따라서, 붉은색 입상슬러지를 채취하여 분자생물학적 방법을 이용하여 미생물 군집구조를 분석하였다. 클로닝 및 계통분류학적 분지도 작성 결과, anammox UASB 반응조의 붉은색 입상슬러지에서 발견된 미생물 종류는 anammox 미생물과 더불어 문단위의 4가지 다른 미생물, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chlorobi와 Chloroflexi로 나타났다. Anammox UASB 반응조내의 붉은색 입상슬러지에서는 clone의 개수를 기준으로 anammox 미생물이 약 25%가 존재하였고 $\beta$-proteobacteria가 우점하고 있는 양상을 보여주었으며, 본 연구의 클로닝 정보와 AMX368 FISH 탐침자를 이용해 in silico 실험을 수행한 결과 AMX368과 정확히 들어맞는 anammox 미생물 clone 하나와 하나의 염기서열이 변이를 일으킨 11개의 anammox 미생물 clone을 확인할 수 있었다. 사상균 형태의 Chloroflexi는 혐기조건 입상 슬러지의 형성과 관련이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. FISH 수행결과, anammox 미생물은 붉은색 입상 슬러지에 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2007

Anammox reactor seeded with sewage sludge from RBC reactor and anaerobic granule from full-scale UASB reactor treating distillery wastewater was operated. Mixed granule and suspended sludge in the ammonium oxidizing process were taken and analyzed to investigate microbial community structure by molecular methods such as gene cloning and phylogenetic tree analysis after 250 days of continuous cultivation. The average nitrogen removal rate showed $0.9kg\;N/m^3-day$ after 250 days of continuous operation, then the maximum nitrogen removal rate showd $1.9kg\;N/m^3-day$ when $2.1kg\;N/m^3-day$ of nitrogen loading rate was applied. As results of gene cloning and phylogenetic tree analysis, Three kinds of phylum were found to be Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes (anammox bacteria) in mixed granule. Five kinds of phylum were found to be Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Planctomycetes, Nitrospirae and Verrucomicrobia in suspended sludge. We found planctomycete KSU-1 and putative new anammox bacteria in the reactor. Microbial structure represented different consortia depending on the types of sludge in the anammox reactor.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2013

Enriching anammox bacteria (AMX) in a lab-scale granular sequencing batch reactor using local digester centrate, we observed the significant enrichment of the filamentous-like bacterial population. These bacteria were revealed as novel bacterial species (termed CHL) belonging to Chlorobi/Bacteroidetes phyla via Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Further, niche differentiation of AMX and CHL quantification was observed in granule and filament biomass, suggesting AMX was dominant in the granule and CHL was dominant in the filament. Therefore, it was confirmed the structural role of CHL was indeed to aid the granule formation of the AMX. In parallel, the physiological role of CHL was suspected to degrade biopolymers in the digester centrate using nitrate as an electron acceptor.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2021

The activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) immobilized in synthetic media (Poly Ethylene Glycol, PEG) and granular form was evaluated comparatively to investigate the effect of influent nitrogen concentration and exposure of oxygen. In ANAMMOX granule reactor, when concentration of influent total nitrogen increased to 500mg/L, removal efficiency of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate were shown to 90.5±6.5, 96.6±4.9, and 93.2±6.1%, respectively. In the case of the PEG gel, it showed lower nitrogen removal performance, resulting in that the removal efficiency of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate were shown to 83.3±13.0, 96.4±6.1, and 90.3±7.5%, respectively. In second step, when exposed to oxygen, the nitrogen removal performance in the ANAMMOX granule reactor also remained stable, but the activity of PEG gel ANAMMOX was found to be inhibited. Consequently, the PEG gel ANAMMOX was a higher sensitivity than that of granular ANAMMOX with two variables applied in this study.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2007

상향류 혐기성 블랭킷 반응조를 이용한 매립지 침출수 처리시 입상슬러지 첨가 유무에 상관없이 성공적인 처리가 가능하였다. 입상슬러지의 첨가는 초기 운전기간를 현저히 단축할 수 있었다. 수리학적 체류시간 1일과 $4-8kgCOD/m^3.d$ 의 유기물 부하율에서 Control 반응조와 Granule 반응조의 COD 제거율은 90% 이상을 유지하였다. 실험기간 동안 입상슬러지 첨가 유무에 상관없이 슬러지 표면과 반응조 벽면에 무기 침전물이 축적되었다. 비메탄 활성도는 미생물의 기질에 대한 적응도와 유기물 부하량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. Granule 반응조의 최대 비메탄 활성도의 값은 $0.57gCOD/g{\cdot}VSS{\cdot}.d$로 나타났다. 비록 본 연구에서는 과도한 무기물 축적으로 인한 비메탄 활성도의 저감은 발생하지 않았으나 무기물의 제거를 위하여 유입수의 전처리 공정이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 상향류 혐기성 블랭킷 반응조를 이용한 침출수 처리시 입상활성탄과 입상슬러지의 첨가가 반응조의 성능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. Control 반응조의 경우 식종물질로 혐기성 소화슬러지를 이용하였으며 GAC 반응조와 Granule 반응조의 경우 Control 반응조와 동일 방식으로 식종하였으며 단지 GAC와 입상슬러지를 소량 첨가하였다. Granule 반응조가 초기 운전기간 동안 가장 짧은 순응기간을 보였으며 GAC 반응조의 경우에도 운전초기에 만족할 만한 성능을 보였다. 그러나 활성탄의 흡착능이 소모됨에 따라 유출수 COD 농도가 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반응조가 안정화된 후 GAC 반응조가 다른 반응조에 비해 약간 우수한 결과를 보였으며 모든 반응조의 COD 제거율은 수리학적 체류시간 1일에서 90% 이상을 나타내었다. 특히 GAC 반응조의 경우 COD 제거율의 변화 없이 유기물 부하 $4.0{\sim}8.2kg\;COD/m^3.d$에서 95%를 유지하였다. 소량의 입상슬러지 첨가에 의해 초기 운전기간을 단축시킬 수 있었으며 처리효율은 GAC 첨가에 의해 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2017

The morphological characteristics of granules developing in anaerobic-anoxic (An-Ax) and anaerobic-aerobic (An-Ox) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were examined. The granules developed in the both SBRs after 200 days of laboratory operation. The average diameters of the granules were $2.2{\pm}1.7mm$ in the An-Ax SBR and $0.4{\pm}0.3mm$ in the An-Ox SBR. To determine the possible factors affecting morphology of granules a comparative analysis of various operating conditions from reference data indicated that the availability and type of electron acceptors is a key factor determining the granulation process and granular morphology.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.993-997
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• 2007

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor can be effective for treating simple organic compounds containing high concentration of ammonia nitrogen. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was about 80% at ammonia nitrogen concentration up to 6,000 mg-N/L. This result also showed that it would be possible to treat propionate effectively at free ammonia nitrogen concentration up to 724 mg-N/L if sufficient time was allowed for adaptation. However the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of granule was lower than that of granule in the reactor with lower ammonia nitrogen concentration. At 8,000 mg-N/L, the inhibition of high ammonia concentration was observed with evidence of increase of the volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration in the effluent. It might be ascribed to the decrease in the content of extracellular polymer (ECP), which resulted to the sloughing off of obligated proton-reducing acetogens and heterogenotrophic methanogens from the exterior of granular sludge. This caused a great portion of the finely sludge to be easily washed out. Therefore, failure to maintain the balance between these two groups of microorganism cause accumulation of the hydrogen partial pressure in the reactor, which could have inhibited the growth of acetate utilizing methanogens.