• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.4 s.10
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

Numerous novel ingredients have been introduced for the hight functionality of whitening cosmetics. Tough the preliminary research, we have found water extracts Bombyx mori have high whitening efficacy. The results of the research for the whitening effect of Bombyx Mori L. are as follow 1. Bombyx Mori L. inhibited concentration dependently the generation of melanin increased by the stimulation of $\alpha$-MSH and protoporphyrin IX, and $IC_{50}$ value was 8.3, 9.2 ${\mu}M$ respectively. 2. Melanin increased by the stimulation of $\alpha$-MSH and protoporphyrin IX was five to seven times superior in the inhibiting effect, compared with kojic acid used as positive control group. 3. Bombyx Mori L. did not have a decolorizing effect on melanin already generated. 3. Bombyx Mori L. was observed to have toxicity of over 100 ${\mu}M$ for the mouse melanoma B16 cells. Therefore, These results suggest that water extracts of Bombyx mori have inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells in vitro.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.326-330
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• 2006

The results of the research for the whitening effect and functional machanism of 1-(2-cyclohexylmethoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-propenone are as follow : 1. Propenone inhibited concentration-dependently the generation of melanin increased by the stimulation of ${\alpha}$-MSH and protoporphyrin IX, and $IC_{50}$ value was six to eight ${\mu}M$. This was five to seven times superior in the inhibiting effect, compared with kojic acid used as positive control group. 2. Propenone did not have a decolorizing effect on melanin already generated. 3. Propenone was observed to have toxicity of over $100{\mu}M$ for the mouse melanoma B16 cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.477-482
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• 2009

Inhibitory effect of skin and seed of three species grape cultivated in Korea on melanogenesis was investigated. Melanin generation was examined in $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone-stimulated B16 cell, mouse melanoma, in the presence of samples. All skin sample did not show the inhibitory effect. Seed extract of Campbell early and Neo Muscat had negative effect on cell viability. When $50{\mu}g/ml$ seed extract of Muscat Bailey A was treated, amount of generated melanin and cell viability were $51.6{\pm}20.5%$ and $90.4{\pm}11.3%$ compared to control, respectively. Seed extract of Muscat Bailey A reduced the tyrosinase protein induced by $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone, which suggests that inhibitory effect of seed extract of Muscat Bailey A on melanin is partly due to suppression of tyrosinase that is responsible for melanin production.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1271-1274
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• 2006

We investigated the effects of aqueous extracts from twelve medical herbs on ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cell. The cells were incubated with ${\alpha}$-MSH and aqueous extracts 5 days and 2 days and then analysed melanin amount and tyrosinase activities, respectively. Nine aqueous extract of herbs examined at 1 mg/m${\ell}$ level decreased melanin synthesis in B16F10 cell, especially in Agastache rugosa, Leonurus siviricus and Murus bombycis. The significant decrease of released extracellular melanin were also observed in treated cells with aqueous extract from Leonurus siviricus, Murus bombycis and Ledebouriella seseioides. The ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced activation of tyrosinase was inhibited in cells treated with aqueous extract from Cuscutae semen, Angelica tenuissima and Agastache rugosa. These results suggest that herbs inhibiting melanogenesis through tyrosinase activity may apply to develop whitening drugs and cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.972-976
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• 2019

Polyopes affinis is a kind of red algae found in the South coast and near Jeju Island of Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Polyopes affinis ethanol extract (PAEE) on melanogenesis in ${\alpha}-MSH$ stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were cultured for 72 hr treated with PAEE. Total melanin content and the activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanogenesis, were measured. When the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells was tested, PAEE was decreased in a dose-dependent manner: treatment with 100, 300, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ caused 25%, 30%, and 35% reduction, respectively. Treatment of 100, 300, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of PAEE caused 6%, 12%, and 21% reduction of tyrosinase activities in B16F10 melanoma cells. Also, PAEE suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase-related protein-2, and melanocyte-inducing transcription factor in B16F10 melanoma cells. A concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$ of PAEE showed a greater decrease in tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and melanogenic enzyme protein expression. These results indicate that PAEE inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, and Polyopes affinis ethanol extract could be used as a functional whitening agent.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

UV irradiated skin cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS is known to be the primary cause of skin inflammation that is eventually leading to skin aging through decrease of collagen in the dermis. In this study, we evaluated basic efficacy of anti-aging, anti-inflammation and anti-melanogenesis using two antioxidative mineral-bio waters (Mineral-bio water 1 (MIBA-W1) and Mineral-bio water 2 (MIBA-W2)). Both antioxidative mineral-bio waters reduced TNF-${\alpha}$ expression which was induced upon UV irradiation. MIBA-W 1 increased collagen synthesis from UVB irradiated fibroblast at 0.01 % concentration but MIBA-W2 shows slight, but linear increase. Stimulation of melanogenesis by ${\alpha}$-MSH treatment in the cultured B16-F1 melanoma was significantly reduced by the treatment of MIBA-W2 in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, antioxidative MIBA-W1 and 2 seem to have potential applications as functional cosmetic materials.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.196-196
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• 2005

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum on the melanogenesis. To determine whether ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, B16F10 melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of Fagopyrum esculentum ethanol extract. In the present study, we examined the effects of Fagopyrum esculentum ethanol extract on cell proliferation, melanin contents, tyrosinase activity, expression of melanogenic enzyme proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). Cell proliferation was slightly increased by treatment with ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum $(25-200 {\mu}g/m{\ell}).$ The ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum effectively suppressed melanin contents at a dose of $100 {\mu}g/m{\ell}).$ It was observed that the color of cell pellets was totally whitened compared with the control. The ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum inhibited tyrosinase activity, regulate melanin biosynthesis as the key enzyme in melanogenesis. Using western blot analysis, the ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum dose-dependently decreased tyrosinase and TRP-1 protein levels, and tyrosinase and TRP-1 were detected in similar manner. ${\alpha}-MSH$ leads to a stimulation of melanin synthesis through increase of tyrosinase activity, melanin contents and cytoplasmic dendricity. In this study, ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum down-regulated the ${\alpha}-MSH$-induced tyrosinase activity, melanin contents and cytoplasmic dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase and TRP-1 was increased after incubation with a-MSH. The treatment of ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum decreased the ${\alpha}-MSH$-induced expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum exerts its depigmenting effects through the suppression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and cytoplasmic dendricity. And it may be a potent depigmetation agent in hyperpigmentation condition.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

To investigate the effect of protein kinase on melanin production via cAMP-dependent pathway, we measured the melanin amount and tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP. MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP significantly increased both melanin production and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Melanin production and tyrosinase activity by MSH are significantly inhibited by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (KT5720) and protein kinase C down-regulation treated with PMA. Bisindolmaleimide (1$\mu$M), protein kinase C inhibitor, significantly inhibited melanin production and tyrosinase activity stimulated by MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP with the following order of potency: MSH＞forskolin＞8-Br-cAMP. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein and DHC, significantly inhibited both, but the inhibitory effect was more potent in 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated B16 cells than MSH-stimulated cells. NFkB inhibitor (parthenolide) significantly inhibited melanin production and tyrosinase activity. Neither melanin production nor tyrosinase activity induced by MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP were affected by KN-62 (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor), PD098059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, MAPKK) and worthmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor). These results suggest that both protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase are involved in melanin production by cyclic AMP-dependent pathway and NFkB pathway may play an important role in cyclic AMP-dependent melanin production in B16 melanoma cells.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 1998

In this study, we demonstrated the whitening effect of Lagenaria leucantha through the melanin biosynthesis of S bikiniensis and inhibition of melanogenesis in cultured Bl6 melanocytes. And we confirmed the whitening effect of Lagenaria leucantha through the depigmentation of gold fish in vivo. The melanogenesis of B$_{16}$ melanocytes was founded to be activated dose and time dependently by the treatment of u- MSH. When the B$_{16}$ melanocytes was treated with 200nM of $\alpha$-MSH, the morphology of melanocytes was remarkably changed. The melanin content and the synthesis of tyrosinase were strikingly increased. Lagenaria ieucantha inhibited the melanin formation stimulated by $\alpha$-MSH without affection of cell viability. However, Lagenaria leucantha didn't inhibit tyrosinase activity and showed weak suppression on the synthesis of tyrosinase. These results suggest Lagenaria leucantha might inhibit melanin formation with tyrosinase independent manner. Lagenaria ieucantha also inhibition melanin biosynthesis with 18mm inhibition zone in S.bikiniensis. To evaluate the inhibitory activity of melanogenesis of Lagenaria leucantha in vivo, we examined its effect on depigmentation of gold fish. Lagenaria ieucantha remarkably reduced the size and density of melanophores in gold fish. These results suggest that Lagenaria ieucantha can be used as a whitening agent in cosmetics.ics.s.