• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1404-1408
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• 2013

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, has been shown to have strong antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive effects. However it is unknown whether EGCG can recover alcohol-associated pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EGCG on pancreatic enzyme activities and the expressions of pancreatic regenerating related markers, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), and Regenerating gene 1 (Reg1), in mice pancreatic primary acinar cells. Our results revealed that activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase and chymotrypsin were significantly increased in the cells treated with ethanol compared to the untreated control cells; however, the increased activities of both enzymes were markedly reduced by pretreatment with EGCG. Phosphorylation of AMPK and total expression of RKIP were decreased in the ethanol-treated primary acinar cells; however, these were both significantly increased in the EGCG-pretreated cells. In addition, when EGCG was treated, expression of Reg1 was markedly increased compared with that of the control or the ethanol-treated primary acinar cells, demonstrating that EGCG can modulate pancreatic regenerating related genes. Therefore, our findings suggest that EGCG may have therapeutic utility in the prevention or treatment of alcohol-associated pancreatitis.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different extrusion conditions on the saccharification characteristics( initial reaction velocity, reaction rate constant, yield) of extruded corn starch. Extruded corn starch-water slurries were mixed with alpha-amylase for the enzymatic saccharification. The saccharification yield of extruded corn starch was high at lower feed moisture content and higher barrel temperature. The solubility of extrudates increased with increase in the SME input which increased with increase in the feed moisture content. Starch hydrolysates having DE 63.8 was obtained after 2 hr reaction. The initial reaction velocity of the extrudate slurry with alpha-amylase was higher with decrease in the feed moisture content. The initial reaction velocity of extruded corn starch was the highest ($2.26{\times}10^{-3}mmol/mL{\cdot}min$) at 25% feed moisture content and $120^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature, 250 rpm screw speed. The pregelatinized starch was $1.83{\times}10^{-3}mmol/mL{\cdot}min$ as a control. Reaction rate constant was a similar trend to initial reaction velocity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

This study evaluated the changes of physiochemical properties, phytochemical contents, and biological activities during the vinegar fermentation of Elaeagnus multiflora fruit. The contents of pH and reducing sugar decreased from 3.55 and 6.88 mg/mL 3.34 and 2.13 mg/mL, respectively. However the acidity increased from 0.48% to 5.48% during the vinegar fermentation. The alcohol contents increased up to a maximum value of 6.6% at 20 days, and it then decreased at the end fermentation days (2.0%). The viable numbers of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts increased from 4.32 log CFU/mL and 3.23 log CFU/mL at 10 days to 5.4 log CFU/mL and 5.5 log CFU/mL during the spontaneous fermentation, respectively. The major organic acids were acetic acid (38.84 mg/mL), lactic acid (4.92 mg/mL), and malic acid (1.51 mg/mL). The soluble phenolic and flavonoid contents increased from 0.79 mg/mL and 0.12 mg/mL of initial fermentation day to 1.22 mg/mL and 0.14 mg/mL during the spontaneous fermentation. Content of epicatechin gallate decreased from $168.1{\mu}g/mL$ at 10 days to $115.97{\mu}g/mL$. However the content of gallic acid increased from $18.52{\mu}g/mL$ to $95.07{\mu}g/mL$ during fermentation. After 60 days of the fermentation, the antioxidant and digestive enzyme inhibitory activities were 71.35% (DPPH), 79.27% (ABTS), 68.72% (${\cdot}OH$), 85.42% (${\alpha}$-glucosidase), 52.12% (${\alpha}$-amylase), and 53.66% (pancreatic lipase), respectively.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2005

Objectives : Patrinia scabiosaefolia (PS) has long been as a remedy for treating infectious diseases in Korea. In the present experiments, the author examined the effects of PS on the cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK)-induced pancreatitis (AP) in rats. Methods : Male Wister rats weighing 200 to 250 g were divided into two group. Normal untreated group, in treatment with PS group; PS was administered orally, followed by $75{\mu}g/kg$ CCK subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. In treatment with saline group, the protocol was the same as in treatment group with PS. The author determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic heat shock proteins(HSP)60, HSP72 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results and Conclusion : PS was significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK-induced AP. PS increased HSP60 and HSP72 compared with CCK-induced AP. Additionally, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 the levels of amylase and lipase were lower than that of saline. These results suggest that PS may has a inhibitory effect against CCK-induced AP.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.24
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

In this study we evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of Puerariae Radix and its isoflavone (puerarin) by investigating their inhibitory activities against digestive enzymes, ${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and lipase and effect on glucose uptake and PPAR ${\gamma}$ expression. The activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes were not inhibited by puerarin. Glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes was stimulated by puerarin. Furthermore, puerarin enhanced the differentiation of preadipocytes as evaluated by triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation, which is specific for differentiated adipocytes. The effect of puerarin on expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$) gene, which is associated with obesity and dyslipidemia, was examined by both real-time PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR. The study demonstrated that puerarin increased the expression of PPAR-${\gamma}$. In conclusion, puerarin showed potential to exert anti-diabetic action by enhancing cellular glucose uptake and thereby TG accumulation in adipocyte tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.518-522
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• 2004

In this study we examined effects of a new dietary supplement on the lipid level and body weight. The efficacy of this weight-reduction supplement, based on natural ingredients consisting of Phaseolus vulgaris, Garcinia cambogia, and microstalline cellulose, was investigated by randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. The 36 subjects were assigned evenly into weight-reduction supplemented (Active) and placebo groups (Placebo). The supplement could reduce the absorption of different types of sugar from the gastro-intestinal tract. A significant difference in weight reduction was shown in the active group (3.5 kg). Body composition measurements indicated that about 34% of fat loss in the active group could be achieved. These findings suggest that this dietary supplement could reduce body weight and fat gains, and its inhibitory effects might lead to obesity improvement.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.739-744
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• 1991

A palatable paste-type lactic fermented rice (LFR) was prepared by lactic acid fermentation after liquefaction and saccharification of cooked rice. A mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (1 : 1) produced the LFR of the best quality. A great improvement in quality of the LFR was achieved by 0.02% each ${\alpha}-amylase$ and glucoamylase treatment during the fermentation (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation), which resulted from the increased sourness and sweetness and the decreased size of solid particles contained in the LFR. The resulted LFR was superior in quality. Physical and chemical properties of the LFR were evaluated.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 2009

We previously isolated Bacillus strains with high fibrinolytic activities (FAs) from cheonggukjang prepared by traditional ways. To test their potential as starters for cheonggukjang, soybean was fermented for 72 hr at $37^{\circ}C$ with each isolate and a control lab strain: B. subtilis CH3-25 (BS3-25), B. amyloliquefaciens CH51 (BA51), B. amyloliquefaciens CH86-1 (BA86-1), and B. subtilis 168 (BS168, control, lab strain). Viable cell numbers of all cheonggukjang samples rapidly increased and reached about $10^9$ CFU/g after 6 hr. During 72 hr, the initial pH of 6.3 rapidly increased to 8.1$\sim$8.2 for cheonggukjang fermented with BS3-25 or BA86-1, and 7.3 for those with BA51 or BS168. FAs and protease activities (acid, neutral, and alkaline) rapidly increased in cheonggukjang fermented with BS3-25, BA51, or BA86-1 during the first 12 hr. On the other hand, those of cheonggukjang fermented with BS168 slightly increased during the first 36 hr. There were significant changes in acid and neutral protease activities in cheonggukjang fermented with BA51 or BA86-1 during the 24 hr. Rapid increases of $\beta$-glucosidase activity corresponded well with rapid increases of $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-galactosidase activities in addition to increases in antioxidant activities and the TPCs (total phenolic contents). The highest increase in the TPCs was observed in cheonggukjang fermented with BA86-1 while the least was that fermented with BS168.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.851-855
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• 2006

Acarviosine-glucose (AcvGlc) is an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor and has similar inhibitory activity to acarbose in vitro. We synthesized AcvGlc by treating acarbose with Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase and fed C57BL/6J and db/db mice with diets containing purified AcvGlc and acarbose for 1 week. AcvGlc (50 and 100 mg/100 g diet) significantly reduced plasma glucose and triglyceride levels in db/db mice by 42 and 51 %, respectively (p<0.0001). The hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of AcvGlc were slightly, but significantly, greater than those seen with acarbose treatment (p<0.0001) in C57BL/6J mice. In an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance was significantly improved at all time points (p<0.01). The expression of two novel glucose transporters (GLUTs), GLUT10 and GLUT12, were examined by Western blot analysis. GLUT10 was markedly increased in the db/db livers. After AcvGlc treatment, the expression of hepatic GLUT10 was decreased whereas intestinal GLUT12 was significantly increased in both strains of mice. Our results show that AcvGlc improves plasma lipid and glucose metabolism slightly more than acarbose. Regulation of hepatic GLUT10 and intestinal GLUT12 may be important in controlling blood glucose levels.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2006

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effects of Daehwangmokdanpitang-gagambang(DMG) on treatment for cholecystokinin-octapeptide(CCK)-induced acute pancreatitis(AP) in rats. Methods : Male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were divided into three groups. The first was normal untreated group, the second was in treatment with DMG group; DMG was administered orally, followed by 75 ${\mu}g/kg$ CCK subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. The third was in treatment with saline group, the protocol was the same as in treatment group with DMG. We determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60, HSP72, ERK, p38 MAPK and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Repeated CCK treatment resulted in the typical laboratory and morphological changes of experimentally induced pancreatitis. Results : DMG was significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCKinduced AP and DMG increased HSP60 and HSP72 compared with CCK-induced AP. DMG suppressed ERK and p38 MAPK activation. Additionally, the secretion of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and the levels of amylase and lipase were lower than that saline. Conclusions : DMG has an effect to treatment for CCK-induced AP.