• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.100-111
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• 2002

Objectives : In order to obtain the clinical type of facial palsy sequelae and try to make the treatment protocols for each, I observed patients who visited Gunpo-Wonkwang oriental medicine center with Bell’s palsy sequelae that were treated over three months. Methods : I make the value standard of muscle paralysis, contraction, synkinesis and acquired the results as follows. Results and Conclusions : 1. The distribution of age and sex was as follows : females of 41-50 years were the most common demographic, females of 51-60 years and males of 31-40 years were the second, males of 51-60 years were the third, females of 21-30 years and males of over 60 years were the fourth, and males of 41-50 years were the fifth. 2. The distributions of period of disease were as follows : 3-6 months was the most, 12-18 months was the second, 6-12 months and over 24 months was the third, and 18-24 months was the fourth. 3. The sequelae distributions of disease were as follows. In the group of 3-6 months, 12 persons (80%) showed palsy and atrophy, 10 persons (66.6%) showed synkinetics. In the group of over 6 months, all patients showed muscle palsy, muscle atrophy and synkinetics. All groups showed lower sensitivity of muscles, but the group of 18-24 months and the group of over 24 months showed more. Tinnitus was shown by the groups of 12-18 months and 3-6 months. Facial muscle pain was shown by the group of3-6 months only, Crocodile's tear was shown by the groups of 18-24 months and over 24 months. 4. The total palsy rates of sequela patients and palsy rates by muscle for disease period were as follows. The total palsy rate was 27.94%; the palsy rates for the group of 6-12 months and the group of over 24 months was lower than the total palsy rate. The rates of the groups of 3-6, 12-18, 18-24 months were higher than the total palsy rate. The palsy rate of zygomatic minor, levator labii superior muscle was higher than the total palsy rate for all groups. 5. Synkinetics manifestation rates by disease period were as follows. Total synkinetics manifestation rate was 73.81 %; the manifestation rate of the group of 6-12 months was lower than total synkinetics manifestation rate. For the groups of 12-18, 18-24, and over 24 months it was more than the total synkinetics manifestation rate. The group of over 24 months, total synkinetics induced by orbicularis oculi muscle and orbicularis oris muscle. 6. Facial muscle atrophy rates by disease period were as follows. Total atrophy rate was 5.26%; in the groups of 6-12, 18-24, over 24 months, the atrophy rates were higher than the total atrophy rate. The groups of 3-6 and 12-18 months showed lower than the total atrophy rates, while the atrophy of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and levator palpebrae inferioris muscle was higher than in other groups.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.437-442
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• 2005

In studying injective covers, the modules C such that Hom(E, C) = 0 and $Ext^1$(E, C) = 0 for all injective module E play an important role because of Wakamatsu's lemma. If C is a module over the ring k[[x, y]] with k a field, the class of these modules C contains the class $\={D}$ of all direct summands of products of modules of finite length ([3, Theorem 2.9]). In this paper we show that every module over any commutative ring has a $\={D}$-preenvelope.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.971-985
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• 2014

All modules considered in this note are over associative commutative rings with an identity element. We show that a ${\omega}$-local module M is Rad-supplemented if and only if M/P(M) is a local module, where P(M) is the sum of all radical submodules of M. We prove that ${\omega}$-local nonsmall submodules of a cyclic Rad-supplemented module are again Rad-supplemented. It is shown that commutative Noetherian rings over which every w-local Rad-supplemented module is supplemented are Artinian. We also prove that if a finitely generated Rad-supplemented module is cyclic or multiplication, then it is amply Rad-supplemented. We conclude the paper with a characterization of finitely generated amply Rad-supplemented left modules over any ring (not necessarily commutative).

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 1980

The mechanical properties of aluminized steel were investigated after the JIS SB 41 plates were dipped in molten aluminum bath. (1) The growth rate of iron-aluminum alloy layer was fast in early stage of alumizing, and then gradually decreased with increasing time. However, over the time period above 10 minutes the growth of alloy layer did not occur. (2) The constituent of alloy layer formed on the steel surface was identified to be intermetallic compound of $Fe_2\;Al_5$. (3) The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of aluminized steel showed a nearly constant value over all thickness below about 0.15 mm. However, both properties decreased rapidly in showed a nearly constant value over all thickness above about 0.20 mm. (4) In case of aluminized steel with greater thickness, crack was formed below yield point of base metal, which is considered to be attributed to the alloy layer failure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1385-1422
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• 2019

Let p be an odd prime. The algebraic structure of all negacyclic codes of length $8_{p^s}$ over the finite commutative chain ring ${\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}+u{\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}$ where $u^2=0$ is studied in this paper. Moreover, we classify all negacyclic codes of length $8_{p^s}$ over ${\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}+u{\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}$ into 5 cases, i.e., $p^m{\equiv}1$ (mod 16), $p^m{\equiv}3$, 11 (mod 16), $p^m{\equiv}5$, 13 (mod 16), $p^m{\equiv}7$, 15 (mod 16) and $p^m{\equiv}9$ (mod 16). From that, the structures of dual and some self-dual negacyclic codes and number of codewords of negacyclic codes are obtained.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.73-80
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• 2023

The recent growth in the use of mobile devices has contributed to increased computing and storage requirements. Cloud computing has been used over the past decade to cater to computational and storage needs over the internet. However, the use of various mobile applications like Augmented Reality (AR), M2M Communications, V2X Communications, and the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the emergence of mobile cloud computing (MCC). All data from mobile devices is offloaded and computed on the cloud, removing all limitations incorporated with mobile devices. However, delays induced by the location of data centers led to the birth of edge computing technologies. In this paper, we discuss one of the edge computing technologies, i.e., cloudlet. Cloudlet brings the cloud close to the end-user leading to reduced delay and response time. An algorithm is proposed for scheduling tasks on cloudlet by considering VM's load. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm provides 12% and 29% improvement over EMACS and QRR while balancing the load.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1189-1208
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• 2018

The aim of this paper is to study the class of ${\Lambda}$-constacyclic codes of length $2p^s$ over the finite commutative chain ring ${\mathcal{R}}_a=\frac{{\mathbb{F}_{p^m}}[u]}{{\langle}u^a{\rangle}}={\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}+u{\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}+{\cdots}+u^{a-1}{\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}$, for all units ${\Lambda}$ of ${\mathcal{R}}_a$ that have the form ${\Lambda}={\Lambda}_0+u{\Lambda}_1+{\cdots}+u^{a-1}{\Lambda}_{a-1}$, where ${\Lambda}_0,{\Lambda}_1,{\cdots},{\Lambda}_{a-1}{\in}{\mathbb{F}}_{p^m}$, ${\Lambda}_0{\neq}0$, ${\Lambda}_1{\neq}0$. The algebraic structure of all ${\Lambda}$-constacyclic codes of length $2p^s$ over ${\mathcal{R}}_a$ and their duals are established. As an application, this structure is used to determine the Rosenbloom-Tsfasman (RT) distance and weight distributions of all such codes. Among such constacyclic codes, the unique MDS code with respect to the RT distance is obtained.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.195-217
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• 1985

A statistical analysis on the ratio of weight-for-height in insurance medicine was carried out in a total of 12,690 insured persons who were medically examined at the Honam medical department, Dong Bang life insurance company, ltd. from June, 1979 to February, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of the ratio of weight-for-height(W/H ratio) was $102.3{\pm}11.3%$ in all males, and $105.2{\pm}103.6%$ in all females. The difference of the values between males and females showed statistical significance(P<0.001). The mean value of W/H ratio in all the insureds was $103.8{\pm}12.9%$. In each age group, the mean value of female was higher than that of male without exception(P<0.001). The mean value of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age except for the age group over 50(P<0.001). 2. The incidences of the average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives were respectively 91.6% in all males, 84.2% in all females(P<0.001); 7.9% in all males, 15.4% in all females(P<0.001); 0.5% in all males, 0.4% in all females(P>0.05). The incidences of average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives in all the insureds were respectively 87.6%, 12.0% and 0.5%. The incidence of the average weighted lives in male in each age group was always higher than that in female with the exception of the age group below 19(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives in male in each age group was always lower than that in female(P<0.05 in the age group below 19, P<0.001 in the other age groups). The incidence of average weighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual decrease with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001). 3. The relative frequency distribution polygons of W/H ratio of both sexes drawn in a pair on one coordinate plane revealed lying in juxtaposition each other horizontally and showed the shifting of female's polygon to male's one toward the direction of greater value of W/H ratio at a short distance which increased gradually with age. 4. Correlations between both sexes and among age groups relating to W/H ratios of the insureds seem to be a physiological phenomenon of body build and should be considered on the rating of the build. Author prepared a rating table of build based on the correlations above menthioned. Some gradients by sex and age in the rating table of build are organized; in female group, the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of 80-125%, $126{\sim}145%,\;146{\sim}165%$ and over 166% respectively in the age group of 29 or under, by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}130%,\;131{\sim}150%,\;151{\sim}170%$ and over 171% respectively in the age group of $30{\sim}59$, and by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}135%,\;136{\sim}155%,\;156{\sim}175%$ and over 176% respectively in the age group of 60 or over. In male group, the ratings of 0, $30{\sim}50$, 50-100, and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}120%,\;121{\sim}140%,\;141{\sim}160%$ and over 161% respectively in all ages. Of under weighted lives, in both sexes, the ratings of 30-50 and 50-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $76{\sim}79%$ and under 75% respectively. The results of the ratings according to a rating table by author were as follows: The incidence of the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D showed no difference between male and female. The incidence of the ratings of 0(indicating the average weighted lives) showed gradual decrease with age and the incidence of the ratings of 30-50 and 50-100(indicating the overweighted lives) showed gradual increase with age. These results are thought to be considerably reasonable because the incidence of the builds in each age group is supposed to have no difference by sex and the incidence of the overweighted lives would increase with age.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.11-16
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• 2002

In this paper, we present two successful results from active controls of flows over a circular cylinder and a sphere for drag reduction. The Reynolds number range considered for the flow over a circular cylinder is 40-3900 based on the free-stream velocity and cylinder diameter, whereas for the flow over a sphere it is $10^{5}$ based on the free-stream velocity and sphere diameter. The successful active control methods are a distributed (spatially periodic) forcing and a high-frequency (time periodic) forcing. With these control methods, the mean drag and lift fluctuations decrease and vortical structures are significantly modified. For example, the time-periodic forcing at a high frequency (larger than 20 times the vortex shedding frequency) produces $50{\%}$ drag reduction for the flow over a sphere at $Re=10^{5}$. The distributed forcing applied to the flow over a circular cylinder results in a significant drag reduction at all the Reynolds numbers investigated.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

The Explosion of Content ·Over 80％ of enterprise content is unstructured(Fulcrum Research) ·Content volume is growing by over 200％ per year (Forrester Research) ·There are all kinds of Unstructured Content including Documents, Output, Web, Rich Media, Code etc ·ECM Market growing to more than ＞＄2.6 Billion in 2003. (Frost ＆ Sullivan)(omitted)