• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.14
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• pp.151-174
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• 2001

Theories of international organization have explained the creation, maintenance, and decline of international organization. However, their explanations on changes of international organization have been much more different one another. For example, the theory of hegemonic stability argues that international organization can be created and maintained only by a hegemonic state and will be declined if the hegemonic state decline. On the other hand, the functional approach believes that the positive functions and effects that international organization provides motivate states to create and maintain the organization, while the game-theoretical approach explains international organization based on cost-benefit calculation of rational states. Thus, the empirical evaluation of the arguments of the theories of international organization and defining the major factors that determine international organization are necessary not only for the development of theories of international organization but also for making desirable policies toward international organization. For the purpose, this paper compares and contrasts the three major theories of international organization and applies the approaches to the case of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to test their arguments. Since the ICAO has been rarely examined by the theories of international organization, the case study could be desirable case to evaluate theories of international organization. In this sense, this paper attempts to define the major factors that determine the creation, maintenance, and decline of the ICAO. In particular, since the Korean government has changed its policy for air transport security system recently, it will investigate the role of ICAO on the policy change to define the limits and strength of ICAO. In conclusion, this paper will assess the relative explanatory power of each approach based on the analysis of the creation and changes of ICAO

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-95
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• 2006

It is essential that the liability for damage on the surface caused by aircraft be regulated at international level. However, the Rome Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface of 1952 and the Montreal Protocol of 1978 did not have significant worldwide repercussions since few countries have ratified them. So the Secretariat ofthe ICAO has produced the draft Convention for the modernization of the Rome Convention in 2002 and the Special group has considered the text of the draft Convention so far. The draft Convention contains main issues with regard to the liability system of the operator and the insurability of the risks for damage to third parties on the ground. In order to protect the air transport sector of a country as well as to facilitate speedy recoveries by victims, Work on modernizing the Rome Convention should be continued and the new Convention should be finalized in the near future.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2015

Motivated by continuous increase in flight demand, awareness of the importance in developing ways to increase aircraft operational efficiency on the airport movement area has been raised. This paper proposes a new routing algorithm for providing the shortest path in a right time, enhancing the aircraft movement efficiency. Many researches on developing algorithms have been performed, for example, Dijkstra algorithm and $A^*$ algorithm. The Dijkstra algorithm provide optimal solution but could possibly provide it with a cost of relatively longer computation time. On the other hand, $A^*$ algorithm does not guarantee the optimality of a solution. In this paper, we suggest a Hybrid $A^*$ algorithm, incorporating both algorithms to eliminate the weaknesses. Rigorous test shows the proposed Hybrid $A^*$ algorithm may achieve shorter computing time and optimality in searching the shortest path.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2014

According to the prediction of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, in the next 20 years, China will have an increase of 4,583 civilian airliners, including 3,682 jumbo jets and 901 regional aircrafts. Chinese commercial aviation aircraft market will undoubtedly grow rapidly. until the year 2030, China's share of the global aircraft fleet will increase from 9% to 15%. In addition, the business jet market has a huge growing room in the global industry, the deliveries will reach 10,000 units in the next 10 years, and the Chinese market deliveries will reach 23,600 in the next 20 years. China's aviation market, is and will be enormous in the future. It is one of the main engines of economic growth in the field. China's civil aviation transportation is based on dazzling economic development. Air transport is the fastest growing power for the time being. China's aviation sector will have an average annual gross of about 10%, and more likely to continued growing and it is expected to be world's major aviation market around the world. As the result, since one of future the important industries will be emerged, Air policy enforcement and considering the reality of our future prospects for the airline industry presented.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.6
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• pp.93-103
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• 1998

The nucleate boiling heat transfer experiments are performed using a ternary refrigerant R407C which is a candidate of alternatives of HCFC 22. The boiling phenomena of R-32, R-125 and R-134a which are the constituent refrigerants of R407C are also investigated. The nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients of R407C are less than those of HCFC 22 which have the similar physical and transport properties. In our experimental pressure range, which is similar to the operational pressure of air conditioning system, the deterioration of boiling heat transfer coefficients of mixture refrigerant R407C does not appear for moderate wall superheat region. Since nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients cannot be obtained from ideal mixing law of mixture, Thome's method was used to predict. To account for the heat flux effect and system pressure in Thome's method, the correcting factor, a(P.L1T), was introduced and obtained from experiments for ternary refrigerant R407C.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.181-206
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• 2015

Due to the increased leisure time, national income levels, and increasing the desire for new experience, interest causes increasing demand for recent aviation leisure sport. This leads to the need for a competitive foundation of the expansion of aviation leisure sports market potential. In 2014, the MOLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) created definition of sport and recreational aviation industry in the Aviation Act. The most significant change in Aviation Act related to sport and recreational aviation, it allows easier access for those wishing to participate in the joy of flight and also creating a sport and recreational aviation business market expansion. Therefore, in this paper, by analyzing the trend of foreign policy trends and domestic policies that sport and recreational aviation has been enabled, it is trying to present the activation policy proposals of sport and recreational aviation that is suitable for Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.147-174
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• 2018

The air transportation industry is a field where control and interference of the state are generalized compared to other industries. However, the premise for national intervention in the air transportation industry is the determination of the nationality of the aircraft or airline company concerned. This is because it is necessary to clarify the distinction between the domestic and foreign carriers so that they can exercise airspace sovereignty. The purpose of this paper is to compare the current status and contents of Korean law and regulations on the determination of nationality with the foreign legal system. To this end, the starting point of the discussion is to look at the history of nationality restrictions on the US air transport industry and the issues that arise in the content and operation of the system today. In addition, this paper examined the provisions of the Japanese aviation law, which is very similar to that of Korea, and then compared the current legal provisions of the United States, Japan and Korea. As a conclusion, this paper sought the direction of revision of the Korean law on the basis of the foreign status of the restriction of nationality in the air transportation industry. Compared with our law, the US and Japan are generally regarded to be more concerned with the contents of their own airline companies than those of foreigners or non-citizen. In spite of the fact that there are many laws and regulations in the United States regarding the de facto dominance of domestic airline companies by foreigners, there have been a lot of controversies in this matter. By the way, Japan has been stipulating regulations on holding companies and affiliated companies. In the global era, it would be meaningful to check the status of the nationality restrictions in the aviation industry, which is based on internationality. I hope that this study will be able to build a legal institutional basis for Korea's aviation industry development from a reasonable protectionist point of view rather than a narrow nationalism in a rapidly changing era.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.91-118
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• 2009

In the Republic of Korea, Regional Airlines from Jeju Air and Hansung Airlines have recently entered the domestic market to compete with the existing Legacy Airlines. In addition many of newly established regional low cost carriers like Air Busan, JeanAir, Easter Airline, are preparing to enter the jungle market. These circumstantial changes have come about as transportation competitiveness are getting weak in the market due to simultaneous expansion of surface modes such as a new opening of high-speed rail and extension of highways. The jumbled market entry by regional low cost carriers makes an enormous influence not only in managing transport network of existing carriers but also for the domestic policy of aviation authorities. It is too early to judge whether they would succeed or not. It is necessary to analyze the network operation of these regional carriers launching domestic routes and preparing to launch short distance international routes under the rapid changing market circumstances such as introduction of KTX or decrease in domestic routes by Legacy Airlines. Many regional airlines are to launch the routes connecting Korea-China-Japan, if they could ensure long-haul international routes successfully, it would follow that the difference between Legacy Airlines and Regional Airlines would decrease more and more, which would result in appearance of the $3^{rd}$or $4^{th}$Legacy Airlines The purpose of this study is to analyze the introduction of low cost carriers by regions and economic regional carrier network for non-scheduled air transportation market by taking a look at the regional airlines transportation network in the early stage of the domestic air transport market. For this purpose, cost and profit structure and management effect of transportation cost will be analyzed by comparing the presently operated routes of regional airlines with those of Legacy Airlines. And also demonstrative analysis demanded by the actual market will be achieved through surveys from experts, the actual airlines and travel agencies to build up transportation network.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.53
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• pp.265-288
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• 2012

Trade in service, which deals with intangible product, is distinguished from trade of goods for tangible product. The current multilateral service trade is based on GATS which includes MFN, securing the predictability as well as transparency of related service rules, specific commitment basis market access national treatment. Recently the WTO service disputes are increasing according to the frequent filing complaints against the regulation of service trade in China. The rules of GATS are not as strict as those of GATT. The commitment schedules, which were materialized between members, gets binding effect through the obligatory provisions of GATS. The GATS is inseparable relation with the Appendix of finance, of telecommunication, and of air transport, with the schedules of commitment of member states, and with the reference paper to the 4th protocol. GATS article XIV which is the general exception of GATS has a similar structure of GATT article XX. Based on the possibility of filing to the WTO, there is a need to examine whether the whole rules, regulation, and policy international trade in service of Korea perfectly macthed with the GATS. Korea with poor resources should take up the more positive attitude for the opening of international service market. According to the reciprocal aspects of concession, if Korea doesn't open a service market, the other WTO member country wouldn't allow Korea to access the their market as well as national treatment.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.82.2-82.2
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• 2011

A channel design which is closely related with the mass transport overpotential is one of the most important procedures to optimize the whole fuel cell performance. In this study, three dimensional results of a numerical study for gas distribution in channels of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) unit cell for a 1kW class stack was presented. The relationship between the fuel and air distribution in the anode and cathode channels of the unit cell and the electric performance was observed. A charge balance model in the electrodes and the electrolyte coupled with a heat transfer model and a fluid flow model in the porous electrodes and the channels was solved for the mass, momentum, energy, species and charge conservation. The electronic and ionic charge balance in the anode and cathode current feeders, the electrolyte and GDEs were solved for using Ohm's law, while Butler-Volmer charge transfer kinetics described the charge transfer current density. The material transport was described by the diffusion and convection equations and Navier-Stokes equations govern the flow in the open channel. It was assumed that heat is produced by the electrochemical reactions and joule heating due to the electrical currents.