• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to analyze the seeding quality of paprika and the growth and early yield after transplanting of paprika nursed under artificial light and natural light. In this study, blue LED, red LED, and white fluorescent lamps (FL) were used as artificial lighting sources. Photoperiod, average photosynthetic photon flux, air temperature, and relative humidity in a closed transplants production system (CTPS) were maintained at 16/8 h, $204{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 26/$20^{\circ}C$, and 70%, respectively. Leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, top fresh weight and dry weight of paprika seedlings, and chlorophyll content in paprika leaves nursed under LED and fluorescent lamps for 21 days after experiment were significantly affected by light treatments. As compared with the control (white FL), leaf area of paprika grown under blue LED, red LED, and natural light was decreased by 63%, 63%, and 28%, respectively. Top dry weight of paprika grown under blue LED, red LED, and natural light was 64%, 50%, and 22%, respectively, compared with the control. Number of leaves on 18 days after transplanting showed with red LED, blue LED, and natural light by 86%, 84%, and 48%, respectively, compared with the control. On 114 days after transplanting, paprika nursed under blue LED and red LED had relatively short plant height. This result might be caused that the elongation of its internodes was suppressed by the illumination of sole blue or red light. Average number of fruits per plant harvested during 4 weeks after first harvest was 3.5 with red LED, 3.3 with blue LED, 1.0 with natural light, and 2.2 with control, respectively. Early yield of paprika nursed under red LED, blue LED, natural light, and control were 453 g/plant, 403 g/plant, 101 g/plant, and 273 g/plant, respectively. Larger fruit of 136 g was harvested with red LED treatment. Even though the early yield of paprika was greatly increased with artificial lighting, but total yield was almost similar as the harvest period after transplanting in greenhouses was lengthened. From the above results, we could understand that paprika nursed under white FL, blue LED, and red LED showed good growth after transplanting and was early harvested by a week as compared to the natural light. Therefore, the white FL, blue LED, and red LED as the artificial lighting sources in CTPS could be strategically used to enhance the seedling quality, to shorten the harvest time, and to increase the yield of paprika.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.176-186
• /
• 2014

Objectives: As a sequel to the former analysis of the quality of life (QoL) among young-old and old-old in Korea, this research was aimed to identify factors related to the quality of life and the gender difference after controlling for the related factors among Korean elderly. Methods: Selected elderly data of 1,339 subjects from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010 was analyzed. In this survey, QoL was measured using Euro Quality of Life (EQ-5D) instrument. Data were analyzed using complex survey data analysis on IBM-SPSS 20.0. The related factors were identified using general linear models with backward elimination. The gender difference was tested also using general linear models. Results: The distributions of educational level, family income level, and presence of cohabitant were different between male and female elderly in both young-old and old-old age group. So were the health behaviors and perceived health, and experience of stress, depression, and suicidal thoughts. QoL and its subscales- mobility, self care, daily living, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression- were consistently better among male elderly regardless of age group. Among the variables considered, education, family income level, presence of cohabitant, perceived health, age group and BMI were found to be related to the QoL at p=.05, and presence of chronic diseases at p=.10. The difference in QoL between male and female elderly after controlling for the variables was statistically significant. Conclusion: Improving QoL is particularly important for the elderly. In order to improve QoL of the elderly, age- and gender- differences need to be considered when developing services and programs for the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.204-209
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate residual characteristics of insecticide acetamiprid in asparagus under greenhouse condition from July to August and consequentially to obtain basic data for guideline on safe use of this pesticide in asparagus. Residues of acetamiprid in young stem of asparagus before and after removing foliage were analyzed from samples harvested at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after single application before harvest. As a result, residues of acetamiprid in young stem of asparagus before and after removing foliage at 0 day were 0.27 mg/kg and 0.14 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than tentative limit (0.1 mg/kg). However, 3 days later residues of acetamiprid were lower than the tentative limit, representing 0.08 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg in the asparagus before and after removing foliage, respectively. Acetamiprid was undetectable in both samples at 5 days since the concentrations were less than detection limit (0.02 mg/kg) in this study. In summary, the half-life of acetamiprid in asparagus regardless of removing foliage was quite short under greenhouse condition from July to August, in the range of 1-3 days, and single application of acetamiprid water dispersible granule in/on asparagus at 7 days before harvest would have no problem on safety issues about pesticide residue. This result might be basic information to construct guideline for safe use of acetamiprid in asparagus.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the nutritional risk, health status and depression levels of young-old (65-74 years) and old-old (75-84 years) women on low-income. Methods: A total of 624 elderly women, each over 65 years of age, participated in this study under the auspices of a community social center. Data were collected from June to August 2011 by means of personal interviews which employed questionnaires. The research tools used in this study were the nutritional risk measuring Mini Nutritional Assesment (MNA) by Kim (2000), perceived health status developed by Lawton et al. (1982), Elderly Depression Criterion developed by Sheikh & Yesavage (1985). The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 Program. Results: Nutritional risk, perceived health status and depression levels showed a significant difference between young-old and old-old. There was a positive correlation between nutritional risk and depression and a negative correlation between nutritional risk and perceived health status. A 38.2% variance in depression levels of young-old and a 29.7% variance in depression levels of old-old were explained by perceived health status, nutritional risk and the number of people living together. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate variances in depression levels among low - income women differing in age. As a result, the outcomes of this study ought to be employed in the development of future programs aimed at promoting the health of elderly women.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2013

BACKGROUND: Soil incorporation of green manure crop(GMC) is one of the methods for reducing continuous cropping injury and increasing yield of carrot. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of green manure crops on growth and yield of carrot for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot through crop rotation. METHODS AND RESULTS: To reduce the injury by continuous cropping system(CCS) of carrot cultivation, GMCs such as crotalaria and sudangrass were applied, which GMC was sowed in latter-June and returned to soil in latter-October. Nutrient contributions of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO in crotalaria were 8.3, 7.5, 4.4, 7.8, and 2.1 kg/10a, respectively. Nutrient contributions of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO in sudangrass were 8.4, 8.6, 26.8, 0.3, and 2.7 kg/10a, respectively. After incorporation of GMCs into soil, bulk density in soil with GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs(control). In soil after incorporation of GMCs, pH was not different in all treatment conditions, and ranged from 6.37~6.64. EC in soil after incorporation of GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs. The OM, T-N, and avail. $P_2O_5$ contents in soil with GMCs were higher than those in soil without GMCs. The growth and yields were increased as 39.2%(6,226 kg/10a) in the rotational cropping system(RCS) as compared to continuous cropping system(control and without NPK) of 4,473 kg/10a. Crotalaria cultivation were the most effective crop for reducing the injury of continuous cropping of carrot. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggest that the RCS using GMCs showed lower disease outbreak density in soil for carrot cultivation as compared to CCS without GMCs. Especially, the GMCs good effect for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.416-423
• /
• 2013

Germination is controlled by internal factors of seeds and external factors such as water, temperature and light. We investigated the relationship between germination characteristics of four waxy rice cultivars and patterns of water uptake, antioxidant enzymes and free soluble sugars during early imbibition. Seed viabilities by tetrazolium test of four different rice cultivars were higher than 95% and germination rates of the hulled rice seeds were on 95% average. However, germination rate of intact rice among four cultivars showed a big difference depending on temperature. Water uptake of hulled and intact rice seeds during imbibition reached a stationary phase at around 30% moisture content. Although rates of water uptake were faster in hulled rice and high temperature than intact rice and low temperature condition, difference of those among cultivars was greater under low temperature than high temperature. The time required for rice seeds to uptake 30% water was negatively correlated with percentage of germination, germination energy, germination speed and mean germination time. Guaiacol peroxidase activity at 24h of imbibition was correlated with germination energy and germination speed but not percentage of germination. Catalase activity, soluble protein and maltose concentration at 24h of imbibition were not correlated with characteristics of germination. These results suggest that a time required for rice seeds to uptake 30% of water significantly correlated with germination and guaiacol peroxidase activity during early imbibition plays an important role in initiation of germination.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 1983

This study was performed to obtain a basic materials for improvement of garlic storage ability. The "Namhae jaerae" of southern strain and the "Dalsung jaerae" of northern strain were harvested by period, their stems were cut at 7cm and 25cm from disk and then placed them in blast drying system 12 hours per day at $40^{\circ}C$ for 4 days, or in natural state. The decrease rate of bulb weight was compared and rooting, sprouting, the rate of decay was investigated between natural dry(conventional method) and hot-air dry (blast drying system). The results obtained were as follows. In the case of the decrease rate of bulb weight after hot-air dry; 7cm plot" "Namhae jaerae" was similiar to one of 13th day of natural dry and 25cm plot 14th day. In "Dalsung jaerae" 7cm plot of early, common and late harvest was respectively similiar to one of 22nd, 18th and 16th day of natural dry, 25cm plot of early, common and late harvest showed the same decrease rate of bulb weight as that of 18th, 16th and 14th day of natural dry respectively. In the case of rooting and sprouting in sand culture at the early period of storage, hot-air dry showed more prolonged tendency than conventional drying method. In the case of clove state in the latter period of storage, number of eatable cloves was more numerous and number of decayed cloves were less in blast drying system than in conventional method.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 1983

This study was conducted to find out the most fabourable breeding structure for the maximum genetic gain of live weight, the most important economic traits of Korean native cattle, in order to achieve the improvement goals for meat productivity of the native cattle early and effectively. For estimating genetic gain and population mean changes, the following factors were investigated under the assumation that 675,000 heads of over-two-year old cows were maintained each generation and 15% of the cows were culled every year: 1. The proportion of cow population inseminated by A I bulls; 30, 40, 50, 60, 70% 2. The number of semen doses produced from each A I bull per year; 5,000, 7,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 doses. 3. The average body weight of A I bulls; 480, 520, 600, 640, 680, 720kg/18 months of age. The estimated results are summarized as follows: 1. The genetic gain of live weight is affected greately by the levels of A I bulls' body weight and the genetic gain was estimated 28.66~36.31kg per generation. 2. The proportion of genetic gain from sire selection were estimated 80~90%. 3. When the average body weight of A I bulls increase 40kg per generation and more than 50% of cow population is inseminated by A I bulls, then the phenotypic mean value of live weight of bulls at the age of 18 months and heifers at the age of 2 years are expected to be reached 600kg and 520kg in the A I population; 560kg and 480kg in the whole population, respectively, after 5th generation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1983

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on the rice anther culture. Materials used were (Inabawase X YR 2404-14-2-1) $F_1$ hybrid. Callus growth rate on various media, induction frequency of callus in spikelet and panicle, and the effect of treatment on anther and callus were evaluated. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; The growth rate of callus on N-6, M-S, P.E.agar media was 19.8, 13.1, 4.1 times respectively after 30 days inoculated, and on liquid media was 3.8, 5.1, 1.4 times, respectively. Organ differentiation on N-6, M-S, P.E.agar media was 37.5%, 12.5%, 17.5% respectively. The difference of induction frequency of callus per panicle was 0.14%-6.25% and per spikelet was 0-19.05%. Almost callus was induced 30-35 days after inoculation. Organ differentiation of induced callus was decreased by culture. Callus cultured for 13 days after induction did not make shoot. Anthers cold shocked at $8^{\circ}C$ for 5 days obtained 3.32% efficiencys of callus induction per number of anthers plated, and compared with 2.41% of no treated anthers. But anther treated at $8^{\circ}C$ for 7 days decreased 2.24%. Callus induction periods were shortened by cold treatment for about 5 days. Callus cultured on medium containing 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D showed 5% on root formation but medium containing 5 mg/l of 2, 4-D showed 30% of root formation after transfered on the medium without 2, 4-D. Callus cold shocked at $15-18^{\circ}C$ revealed poor efficiency for root formation, but 5 days treatment was good for shoot formation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1983

This study was performed to obtain the basic informations for red dry pepper fruit with more pericarp weight(or in percentage) with a complete diallel cross(excluding reciprocals) using eight cultivars. Heterosis, combining ability and inheritance of the dry red fruit weight and its components(stem, placenta, seed, and pericarp) were evaluated. The results obtained were summarized as follows : Dry weight/fruit and its four antomical components were heavier in the earlier harvest fruit than in that of the later fruit. They showed 1% significance among parents and $F_1s$, and those of $F_1$ were significantly heavier than in parent. All characters in earlier fruit of parent, however, were higher than in later fruit of $F_1$. Dry weight percentage of pericarp to dry weight/fruit was highest followed by seed. Percentage of pericarp in the later fruit was increased while the seed decreased and percentages of stem and placenta were not differed between the earlier and later fruit. $F_1$ hybrids above the higher parent were observed in all characters. Mean heterosis (%) was positive in all characters while mean heterobeltiosis (%) was negative excepting seed and dry weight/fruit. GCA and SCA variances were highly significant, and GCA vaiances were greater than SCA in all characters. The directions of dominance were positive. Partial dominance was shown in stem, complete dominance in placenta, pericarp and dry weight/fruit, and over dominance in seed. The effective genes were estimated as one for stem and placenta, and two for seed, pericarp and dry weight/fruit. Heritabilities in narrow and broad sense were higher.