• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2017

This study was carried out in order to reduce the amount of sawdust for recycling the generated manure from livestock farms, and to investigate the effects on the reducing usage of sawdust and quality of produced compost. To do this, a cylindrical horizontal composting device were used in the experiments and compost was analyzed for judging produce compost quality. The experiment was carried out separately under different cases of operational control conditions. The first case was produced by using sawdust and pig manure mixture(Test-1); the second case was produced by using sawdust, pig manure and the previously produced compost(Test-2). In the second case, Except for some heavy metal content, The water content and C/N ratio were found to be suitable for fertilizer process specification of the RDA(Rural Development Administration) and it was found to reduce the sawdust 1.25tons usage.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-92
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• 2013

In May 2010, Indonesia and Norway signed a Letter of Intent on "Cooperation on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD)." In the LoI, Norway agreed to offer Indonesia a sum of USD 1 billion with a view to encourage Indonesia to significantly contribute to the successful implementation of REDD+. On 20 May 2011, correspondingly, Indonesia announced the 2011 'Forest Moratorium' (the Presidential Instruction No. 10/2011) which was valid for the following consecutive two years. By means of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia aimed at significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, forest degradation and peatland conversion. In so doing, it also sought to improve forest governance. Meanwhile, concerned stakeholders also raised various questions about the effectiveness of the 'Forest Moratorium'. As an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia announced the 2013 'Forest Moratorium'(the Presidential Instruction No. 6/2013) for another two-year period on 13 May 2013. Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' is concerned with stakeholders at various levels, who may play a role of significant 'agent' in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium'. This mechanism of the 'Forest Moratorium' should be understood in the light of forest governance. Employing stakeholder approach, therefore, this article attempts to analyze Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' in the light of forest governance. In this regard, it analyzes the detailed contents of the 'Forest Moratorium', the process of making the 'Forest Moratorium', current development of the Indicative Moratorium Map for suspension of new concessions on forest land, and contesting views of various stakeholders. At the same time, it also talks about how 'weak' forest governance had influence upon Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium'. In so doing, this article consequently attempts to evaluate Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' and also put it into perspective in terms of improving forest governance. The 2013 'Forest Moratorium' fundamentally represents a radical policy that is designed to suspend new concessions on forest conversion for another two-year period and its detailed contents attempt to reflect on various stakeholders from related industries and environmental NGOs. However, there are challenging factors in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium', that is, 'weak' forest governance and also a discrepancy between forest planning maps designated by central and regional governments. The announcement of the 2013 'Forest Moratorium', as an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', may functionally strengthen and improve Indonesia's forest governance. However, at the same time, there is a practical limit due to the fact that it is merely a Presidential Instruction that lacks legal binding.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the epistemic goals that pre-service elementary teachers can construct in their biology-related knowledge construction activities, how these goals are constructed, and how the shaping of the knowledge construction activities around the goals was afforded or constrained. The research participants were 26 pre-service teachers, divided into 11 groups of two or three to engage in the activity. Their discussions and products were collected and used as data for this study. The analysis revealed that the teachers constructed three types of epistemic goals: making sense of natural phenomena, proposing the most effective course of action, and proposing solutions to problems based on their causes. Construction of different types of goals depended on the conclusions the pre-service teachers expected to draw based on the explored natural phenomena. It was found that the elicitation of the pre-service teachers' epistemic goals could facilitate their shaping of the knowledge construction activity as an evidence-based justification. The participants planned the construction of mechanistic explanations of natural phenomena with the epistemic goals of 'making sense of natural phenomena' or 'proposing solutions to problems based on their causes.' However, enacting their knowledge construction plans with sophisticated epistemic features was constrained due to the limited resources available. This study can contribute to developing instructional strategies that facilitate learners' epistemic agency and addressing epistemic agency in the development of pre-service teacher education methods.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.183-195
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• 2021

This study compared and analyzed the trends of wellness-related tourism polices in Japan, which have policy similarities with Korea, through related literature research and online interview surveys amid growing demand for wellness tourism in Korea's wellness tourism policy implications. According to the survey, wellness tourism-related concepts do not differ particularly between Korea and Japan, and the use of health tourism or wellness tourism concepts is more common in Japan than healing tourism. Wellness tourism policy is analyzed to be more systematic in Japan in the areas of policy principal agent's flexibility, policy efficiency, related certification, and human resource development, and Korea in the driving force and institutional maintenance of policy. It was judged that Korea needs to establish a wellness tourism consultative body, such as the case of Japan, and improve efficiency through systematic certification of wellness tourism and qualitative management of related manpower. In order to industrialize wellness tourism, it is necessary to increase the healing effectiveness and product value of wellness tourism by organically linking wellness resources specialized by region, and to conduct in-depth analysis of the direction and strategies of wellness tourism policies in preparation for the post-Corona(COVID-19) Era and an empirical study of tourism sites.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2021

The water resistance is important factor for sunscreen formulations. Generally a sunscreen cream was formulated by a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. In the W/O emulsion system, silicone oils are added to improve the texture of formulations. Silicone oils have low compatibility with organic sunscreen agent, causing problems with the stability in emulsion. In this study, the compatibility between various oils in the W/O emulsion was derived numerically using Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) at first. HSP is represented a dispersion degree, a polarity, and a hydrgen bond in a composition. In this study, various emulsions were prepared according to the types of oils with different HSP values and then monitored by a viscosity and morphology according to the time and temperature. The HSP values of components and the experimental results have similar activities for the stability of emulsions. HSP made it easy to select oil with high compatibility. When the compatibility of the oil phase in the W/O emulsion was high, the viscosity change over time was small. The stability was improved under the freeze-thaw cycle (-15 ℃ ~ 45 ℃). In the future, if the composition of the ingredients is optimized through HSP, it is expected that it will be helpful in the development of W/O type sunscreen formulations that are excellent in use and stability.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.301-309
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• 2022

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) establishes infection in the human gastric mucosa for a long time and causes severe gastric diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. When H. pylori is exposed to the antibacterial agents or inhibitors, the expression of pathogenic associated genes could be altered. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional changes of H. pylori genes induced by zerumbone treatment. RNA expression changes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and then reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to verify the results. As a result of NGS analysis, a total of 23 out of 1,632 genes were differentially expressed by zerumbone treatment. RT-PCR confirmed that zerumbone treatment regulated the expression level of 14 genes. Among the genes associated with DNA replication, transcription, virulence factors and T4SS components, 10 genes (dnaE, dnaQ, rpoA, rpoD, secA, flgE, flhA, virB5, virB8 and virB9) were significantly down-regulated and 4 genes (flaA, flaB, virB4 and virD4) were up-regulated. The results of our current study imply that zerumbone might be a potential therapeutic agent for H. pylori infection by regulating factors related to various H. pylori pathogenicity.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to study the possibilities and limitations of arts education by utilizing SKT's ifland metaverse Platform for arts majors. To summarize the performance of the study, it is as follows. The subjects of the study were 50 students(25 experimental group, 25 control group) in Performing Arts, Entertainment and Music department of D University located at Gyeonggi, Korea. As a result of analyzing the difference between the pre-test and the post-test between the experimental group and the control group, it was found that there was a statistically significant effect on the effectiveness of the arts education method using the metaverse of the control group. It is hoped that the results of this study will be a case study that cannot be overlooked in the development of the today's arts educational medium as well as the virtual world in the field of arts and in cultural technology research, arts education is no longer a latecomer, but a leading pioneer and main agent, and I hope that it will become a new perspective for various studies connected with industry like the WAVE.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.182-189
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• 2021

Porous ceramics were manufactured using the foaming method for the development of inorganic insulating materials. Silica fume and SiO₂ were used as main raw materials, and bentonite was used as a rapid setting agent for uniform structure formation of porous ceramics. The porous ceramics were sintered at 1200℃, and porosity, density, compressive strength, microstructure and thermal conductivity were analyzed. As the content of silica fume to SiO₂ of the porous ceramics increased 70 to 90 %, the specific gravity increased from 0.63 to 0.69, and the compressive strength increased from 9.41 Mpa to 12.86 Mpa. But, the porosity showed a tendency to decrease from 72.07 % to 70.82 %, contrary to the specific gravity. As a result of measuring the thermal conductivity, the porous ceramic with a silica fume content of 70 % showed a thermal conductivity of 0.75 to 0.72 W/m·K at 25 to 800℃, respectively, and, another that a silica fume content of 90 % showed a 0.66~0.86 W/m·K. So the lower the silica f ume content, the lower the thermal conductivity, which was conf irmed to be consistent with porosity result. As a result of microstructure analysis using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), pores in the range of tens to hundreds ㎛ were observed inside and outside the porous ceramic, and it was confirmed that the pore distribution was relatively uniform.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.331-339
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• 2022

Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes to protect the skin from external stimuli, mainly ultraviolet (UV) rays. However, abnormal and excessive production of melanin causes hyperpigmentation disorders, such as freckles, age spots, and discoloration. Natural cosmeceuticals are a new trend for treating or preventing hyperpigmentation due to fewer side effects and biocompatibility. In this context, the current study focused on Cnidium japonicum, a halophyte with several uses in folk medicine, to evaluate its potential as a skin-whitening agent. The effect of C. japonicum extract (CJE) on melanin production was analyzed in melanogenesis-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. The results showed that CJE successfully inhibited the oxidation of tyrosine and L-DOPA by tyrosinase and subsequently decreased the production of the key enzymes responsible for melanin production: tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and protein-2. This effect was confirmed by decreased intracellular and extracellular melanin levels in B16F10 melanoma cells after CJE treatment. Further experiments to elucidate the action mechanism revealed that CJE treatment suppressed melanin production by inhibiting the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSKβ)/β-catenin and protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathways, which are the upstream activators of melanogenesis. In conclusion, the present study suggests that C. japonicum is a potential natural source of bioactive substances for the development of novel cosmeceuticals that can act against hyperpigmentation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

Objectives : Collagen decrease of Skin appears through various path ways. One of causes may be the Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) that combine formation of glucose and protein. The aim of this study was to explore the prevent wrinkle formation of Paeoniae radix (PR) and heated Paeoniae radix (HPR) via AGEs path way. Methods : AGEs formation inhibitory activities of PR and HPR measured using bovine serum albumin, glucose, and fructose. To evaluate the protective effects of PR and HPR in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and methyl glyoxal (MGO), SD rat were distributed into four groups. Normal rats (Nor), AGEs-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg PR(PR), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg HPR (HPR). To induce AGEs, streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and after 3 days administrated 100mM methyl glyoxal for 3 weeks. Results : The oral administration of HPR inhibited AGEs in skin tissues compared with PR. The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the serum were diminished by HPR treatment. The analyses of kidney and skin tissues proteins indicated that HPR treatment effectively reduced AGEs related protein levels as compared to that by PR treatment. Also, HPR decreased anti-oxidant related protein levels in skin tissues such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, it inhibited the reduction of COL1A2 by decreasing MMP-1. Conclusion : Based on these results, it was suggested that PR and HPR could have Improving effects on wrinkle formation. These evidences provide useful information for the development wrinkle formation treated agent.