• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.776-787
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors which have formed gender images in men's fashion since the middle of the 19th century. For this purpose, the images of gender in fashion were analyzed and historical studies about gender images in men's fashion from the middle of the 19th century to the present days were done. Historically images of gender expressed in fashion were masculine image feminine image androgynous image and genderless image. Among those images masculine image and genderless image. Among those image masculine image and androgynous image have been the gender images in men's fashion since the middle of the 19th century. In psychoanalytic view point the factors which have formed the gender images are related with sexual pleasure. Libido for looking narcissism and exhibitionism have produced masculine image and androgynous image in men's fashion, In socioeconomic view point power structure between the sexes have built the gender images in fashion. Masculine image and androgynous image came in to being in men's fashion for the purpose of displaying power or expressing opposition to power structure between the sexes, In aesthetic view point the aesthetic sense of each age about sex have constructed the gender images. Modernism had influence on building masculine image and post-modernism have formed androgynous image in men's fashion.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.38-52
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• 2019

This study aimed to examine the factors associated with emotional imagery from Obanggansaek and to analyze the difference between emotional imagery and the preference for Obanggansaek according to demographic characteristics. This study surveyed the responses of 320 participants to a questionnaire. The subjects consisted of men and women in their 20s-50s living in Gyeongnam and Busan region. The data were processed with SPSS 20.0 and were analyzed using factor analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test. The results obtained were as follows. Five emotional imagery factors were associated with Obanggansaek: modernity, attractiveness, conspicuousness, soft/hard feeling, and newness. The analysis of emotional imagery for Obanggansaek according to demographic characteristics showed a significant difference in modernity, attractiveness, conspicuousness, and newness with respect to gender; in attractiveness with respect to marital status; in modernity, conspicuousness, soft/hard feeling, and newness with respect to age; in attractiveness and conspicuousness with respect to monthly income; and in attractiveness, soft/hard feeling, and newness with respect to occupation. The analysis of preference for Obangganasek according to demographic characteristics showed that women, married people, people in their 50s, and specialists preferred Obanggansaek the most. The interaction effect between preference for Obanggansaek and the demographic variables showed significant differences between gender and age, gender and occupation, marital status and monthly income, age and occupation, and monthly income and occupation.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.581-594
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the effects of adolescents' cultural disposition and self-conscious emotion on empathy according to gender and age. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires for 385 adolescents in Chungbuk province. The major results of the study were as follow: First, adolescents who perceived high collectivism showed a high ability on perspective taking. Additionally, girls who had high guilt showed a high ability on perspective taking. Sixth graders who had high guilt and low shame and eleventh graders who had high pride showed high ability on perspective taking. Second, boys who perceived high collectivism and guilt, and girls with high individualism, low shame, and high guilt showed a high ability towards fantasy. Sixth graders who had high individualism and guilt and low shame, eighth graders with high guilt and eleventh graders with high individualism, collectivism and guilt showed high ability towards fantasy. Third, adolescents with high collectivism showed high ability on empathic concern. Additionally, boys, girls, and eleventh graders with low shame and high guilt, and sixth graders with low shame showed a high level of empathic concern. Fourth, all adolescents with high guilt showed a high level of personal distress. Additionally, eighth graders with low individualism and eleventh graders with low pride showed a high level of personal distress. In conclusion, the significant relationships among cultural disposition, self-conscious emotion, and empathy are different for gender and age groups. Implications for future studies are provided.

• 한국노년학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.1101-1118
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• 2012

본 연구는 노인의 주관적 건강평가에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적변수, 신체건강상태, 건강행태와 관련된 요인들 중 성별 차이가 존재하는지 고찰하는 것이 목적이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 한림대학교 고령사회연구소에서 수행한 한국 노인의 삶의 질 조사 중 가장 최근 조사인 2009년 제 4차 조사 자료를 횡단면으로 분석하였다. 연구대상자는 2009년 제 4차 조사시점에서 만 65세 이상의 응답자(N=986, 남성 407명, 여성 579명)만을 선택했으며 교육수준에 대한 변수를 제외하고 모두 제 4차 조사 자료에서 변수들을 추출했다. 분석방법으로는 $x^2$ 혹은 t-test를 실시하였으며 독립변수들이 주관적 건강평가에 유의미한 영향을 미칠 때 성별차이가 존재하는지 고찰하기 위하여 남녀 집단으로 나누어 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 회귀계수 남녀차이의 통계적 유의도를 검증하기 위해 Wald $x^2$ 으로 분석했다. 연구결과로는 회귀계수의 남녀차이 검증에서 두 집단 간의 차이를 야기한 변인들은 연령(75-84세), 교육수준, 도구적 일상생활수행능력이었으며 특히 교육수준은 여성에게 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 주관적 경제상태는 남성과 여성 각각의 집단에서는 주관적 건강평가에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤지만 그 유의미한 영향이 남녀 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 신체건강상태에서는 도구적 일상생활수행능력에서 도움이 필요한 여성이 남성에 비해 더 자신의 건강을 부정적으로 인식했다. 인구사회학적 변인들, 신체건강상태, 건강행태 변인들 중 주관적 건강평가 시 남녀의 차이를 야기하는 변인들을 중심으로 정책지원이 이루어져 건강을 유지하고 관리하는데 남녀 간의 간극을 좁힐 수 있도록 하고 더 나아가 자신의 건강을 긍정적으로 인식할 수 있도록 변화시켜 나갈 필요가 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.542-553
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to analyse of craniofacial shape by 3D and to develope of head models for Korean adults with gender and age groups. The 3D measurement technique adapted in this study was a novel approach compared that the same technique has been commonly used in measuring human bodies. The data and the model of head analysis can be used as a basic reference in developing various head related items such as hat, helmet, gas mask, ear phone, and etc. In this study, heads of 836 Korean adults were measured in 3D, analyzed by statistical methods, and modelized in 3D by gender and age groups. From the basic statistical data analysis, vertex-tragion and the length between the pupils were the longest in their twenties for both men and women, and grew shorter in elderly groups. In all categories, a significant difference appeared between men and women in their 20's, but the differences were less noticeable in elderly groups. Compared to the one size standard head model of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, the above three-dimensional standard head model would provide a more through fit because gender and age groups were sub-divided and analyzed in 3D.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.690-702
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• 2009

Mandu has become more increasingly essential and popular. Various types of Mandu are on saleavailable for purchase and are receiving good response from customers. This study explored the buyers' perceptions and their usage behaviors regarding to Mandu. The results showed the followings: 1) The respondents considered Mandu a snack rather than a meal. 2) The perceptions of a meal were different by gender, age, annual income, and number of children. 3) Respondents frequently have consumed frozen Mandu more than handmade Mandu and the type of Mandu consumed differed by age, marriage, occupation and annual income. 4) Respondents generally preferred meat to vegetable for as the stuffing in Mandu and favorite stuffings differed by gender and age. 5) The 'snack factor' was the highest purchasing motive among three factors including 'meal', 'economy' and 'snack' factor. 6) The derived factors for Mandu purchasing attributes were 'safety', 'loyalty/practicality' and 'storage' factor. 'Loyalty/practicality' represented the highest among them and each purchasing attribute differed according to gender, marriage and annual income.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the perspectives of gender and role in the family for nurses' work-family balance. Method: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 married nurses having children, who were selected through convenience sampling and purposive sampling from November 1, 2011 to January 20, 2012. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: The common themes resulted from data analysis included following traditional gender roles, giving up any expectation of spouse's role, coordinating the division of family roles, and refusing to stick to gender roles. The age of nurse, family background of husband, and social-economic contexts were essential to explain the couple dynamics. Conclusions: Nurses who received private family support were stably leading a work-family balance, yet unable to change the gender structure of spouse for the work-family balance. On the other hand, young nurses who were unable to get any support, had a tendency of cooperating with their spouses and adopting more negotiable and pragmatic approach to work-family balance.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2012

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus findings in a large sample of orthodontic patients by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a wide field of view and assess the relationships of such abnormalities with age and gender. Methods: Five hundred thirteen CBCT scans obtained for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in a Northern Italian population (N = 513; 292 female and 221 male subjects; 1,026 maxillary sinuses) were studied. The frequencies of pseudocysts and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of age and gender on these abnormalities. Results: Pseudocysts were detected in 52 patients (10.1%) and 59 sinuses (5.75%). Mucosal thickening was observed in 206 patients (40.1%) and 258 sinuses (25.1%). Gender and age were significantly associated with pseudocysts (p = 0.027) and mucosal thickening (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Half of the orthodontic patients had incidental maxillary sinus findings. Men were more likely to show pseudocysts, and older patients (aged 41 - 60 years) were more likely to show mucosal thickening.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

This study investigated childhood eating behavior, the influence of eating behavior on the positive and negative emotionality of children, and the pattern or eating behavior influence on emotionality depending on the age and gender of children. A total of 202 children (ages 5 to 7) were selected from 3 nurseries and 1 kindergarten ill Seoul and the survey data responses from teachers were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, children with higher levels of eating behavior showed a higher positive emotionality score compared to those with lower levels of eating behavior. The effect of gender was not significant and positive emotionality tended to increase in the 5 and 6 year old groups as the level of eating behavior increased; in addition, it was generally similar in the 7 year old group. Second, the children with lower level, of eating behavior showed a higher negative emotionality score compared to those with higher levels of eating behavior. The main effects by age and gender were insignificant; however, the interaction of age and eating behavior affected the negative emotionality of children. The eating behavior of children affects emotionality and children with better eating behaviors showed more positive emotional responses and less negative emotional responses in the same circumstances.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Purpose: Shopee, Indonesia's most frequently visited marketplace in November 2023, had 427.2 million visits. Supported by the live streaming feature, Shopee has become the most widely used online shopping platform, with an 83.4% market share in 2022. Several factors, such as brand trust and promotions, have significantly influenced Shopee's dominance and consumer purchasing decisions. This research aims to investigate the effect of cosmetic product distribution, brand trust, and promotions on purchasing decisions, considering gender and age as control variables. Research design, data and methodology: A quantitative approach using a survey research method was employed with a sample of 150 respondents, who were followers of the Shopee ESQA Cosmetics account, obtained through the Yamane formula. Data was collected via an online questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this study was PLS-SEM with Smart PLS software. The results of this research indicate a significant effect of the distribution of cosmetics products, brand trust, promotions, gender, and age as control variables on the purchase decision variable. Conclusions: The distribution of cosmetic products, brand trust and promotions have a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions during live streaming on Shopee, and control variables (gender and age 36-45) have a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions.