Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/fer.2015.046

Effects of Adolescents' Cultural Disposition and Self-Conscious Emotion on Empathy According to Gender and Age  

Han, Sae-Young (Department of Child Development, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
Human Ecology Research / v.53, no.5, 2015 , pp. 581-594 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of adolescents' cultural disposition and self-conscious emotion on empathy according to gender and age. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires for 385 adolescents in Chungbuk province. The major results of the study were as follow: First, adolescents who perceived high collectivism showed a high ability on perspective taking. Additionally, girls who had high guilt showed a high ability on perspective taking. Sixth graders who had high guilt and low shame and eleventh graders who had high pride showed high ability on perspective taking. Second, boys who perceived high collectivism and guilt, and girls with high individualism, low shame, and high guilt showed a high ability towards fantasy. Sixth graders who had high individualism and guilt and low shame, eighth graders with high guilt and eleventh graders with high individualism, collectivism and guilt showed high ability towards fantasy. Third, adolescents with high collectivism showed high ability on empathic concern. Additionally, boys, girls, and eleventh graders with low shame and high guilt, and sixth graders with low shame showed a high level of empathic concern. Fourth, all adolescents with high guilt showed a high level of personal distress. Additionally, eighth graders with low individualism and eleventh graders with low pride showed a high level of personal distress. In conclusion, the significant relationships among cultural disposition, self-conscious emotion, and empathy are different for gender and age groups. Implications for future studies are provided.
Keywords
cultural disposition; self-conscious emotion; empathy;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim, H. S. (2011). The effects of parental empathy on the adolescent's empathy, self-esteem, parent-child relationship(Unpublished master's thesis). Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
2 Kim, J. M. (2009). The relationship among empathy, peer influence, social support and aggression of high school students. Korean Journal of Educational Research, 47(1), 49-72.
3 Kim, M. K. (2012). The relationship between collectivism-individualism, family resilience, ego resilience and social adaptation in university student. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 19(1), 19-36.
4 Kim, S. A., & Hwang, Y. S. (2012). The effect of nonviolent communication training program on shame-proneness high school student's self-esteem and their empathy ability. Journal of Psychology and Behavior, 4(1), 91-111.
5 Ko, J. A., & Park, K. (2013). Program development for victim empathy enhancing in juvenile sexual offenders. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(5), 107-129.
6 Nordfjærn, T., & Simsekoglu, O. (2014). Empathy, conformity, and cultural factors related to aberrant driving behaviour in a sample of urban Turkish drivers. Safety Science, 68, 55-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.02.020   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Park, S. Y. (2012). Relations between adolescent's emotion, individualism-collectivism cultural disposition and prosocial behavior (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
8 Park, S. Y, & Park, S. Y. (2012). Relationship between emotion, individualism-collectivism cultural disposition and prosocial behavior among adolescents. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25(2), 85-106.
9 Bae, M. J., & Jo, H. I. (2014). The relationship between covert narcissism, self-esteem, cognitive/affective empathy and interpersonal competence. Korean Journal of Counseling, 15(6), 2417-2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.6.201412.2417   DOI
10 Banerjee, M. (1997). Hidden emotions: Preschoolers' knowledge of appearance-reality and emotion display rules. Social Cognition, 15(2), 107-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.1997.15.2.107   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Cha, J. (2012). Relationship between neuroticism, attachment security, and social skills: The mediating effects of attention control and empathy (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
12 Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), 240-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106939719502900302   DOI
13 Seo, H. N. The effects of shame and guilt on empathy and psychological independence from parents among college students (Unpublished master's thesis). Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
14 Shin, D. W., Bang, H. J., & Ok, J. (2015). The relations among shame/guilt-proneness, response style and school adjustment. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28(2), 63-89.
15 Shin, S. (2014). The relationship among empathic concern, personal distress, moral disengagement, and defending behavior of middle school students(Unpublished master's thesis). Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
16 Tangney, J. P. (2015). Psychology of self conscious emotions. In J. D. Wright(Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences(pp. 475-480). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
17 Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
18 Yee, H. J. (2009). A study of the contextual moral orientation of middle school students(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
19 Cho, G. H., Kim, J. Y., Hong, M. H., & Kim, J. H. (2002). Cultural dispositions and the level of empathy. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 16(3), 15-34.
20 Cheon, B. K., Im, D. M., Harada, T., Kim, J. S., Mathur, V. A., Scimeca, J. M., et al. (2011). Cultural influences on neural basis of intergroup empathy. NeuroImage, 57(2), 642-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.031   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Choi, A. (2014). The effects of adolescents' shame-proneness and interpersonal anxiety on cognitive emotion regulation strategy(Unpublished master's thesis). Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
22 Choi, I. H., & Kim, J. I. (2013). Effects of adolescent empathy on maternal parenting behaviors and adolescent problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Family Therapy, 21(1), 81-102.
23 Choi, M. S. (2010). A study on the relationship between young children's moral judgement and empathy. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 15(6), 255-271.
24 Choi, N. R., & Shin, N. N. (2014). The effects of empathic parenting and adolescents' empathy on school adjustment. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(4), 91-118.
25 Ha, Y. M. (1998). Children's emotional reactions according to child's gender and temperament and parenting: Focused on pride and shame reactions(Unpublished master's thesis). Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
26 Han, K. M., & Na, Y. J. (2004). Preferred sensation of adolescents according to their lifestyle and individualism/collectivism. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing Industry, 6(1), 51-60.
27 Han, M., Choi, I., Kim, B., & Lee, H. J. (2012). Gender differences of Korean college students in emotions, thinking style, and values. Survey Research, 13(3), 33-62.
28 Heo, H. Y. (2013). A study on relationship between adolescent's selfidentity and social Empathy Quotient(Unpublished master's thesis). Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea.
29 Han, S. Y. (2007). Moral emotion and aggression among early adolescence: Focusing on guilt, shame, and empathy. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 45(7), 17-33.
30 Han, S. Y. (2009). Guilt-proneness, empathy, and guilt according to gender and age. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 16(3), 65-89.
31 Howell, A. J., Turowski, J. B., & Buro, K. (2012). Guilt, empathy, and apology. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 917-922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.021   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Josephs, I, E. (1994). Display rule behavior and understanding in preschool children. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 18(4), 301-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172291   DOI
33 Jung, H. J. (2014). The influences of covert narcissism, internalized shame, empathy on social anxiety(Unpublished master's thesis). Gyungsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
34 Kim, B. I., & Lee, I. S. (2013). The relationship between parental empathy and happiness perceived by adolescents: Mediating effects of self-acceptance. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(6), 195-218.
35 Kim, H. J., & Hong, H. Y. (2013). The effect of the internalized shame of high school student on youth depression: The mediating effect of ambivalence over emotional expression. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(12), 181-209.
36 Kim, H. R., Jung, M. S., Son, J. W., Park, M., Eom, J. S., Moon, E., et al. (2013). The relation of cognitive and emotional empathy to social behaviors in Korean children. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26(1), 255-275.