• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2002

This research delineated variables of maternal influences on children's social competence. The sample consisted of 287 pairs of 5th/6th grade students, their mothers, and 8 classroom teachers in Gwangju City. Analysis included factors of mother's adult attachment, marriage adjustment, affection in child-rearing, level of education and income. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that affectionate child-rearing is the most significant factor contributing to child's social competence, followed by mother's education, close attachment, income, and anxiety attachment, in that order. These maternal variables accounted for 18% of the child's social competence.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2014

This study aims to contribute to our knowledge on gender role identity of middle-aged women within the Korean context. This research adapting Q methodology created a sampling distribution of P with 40 middle-aged women between 40-60 years old. We put each of 40 Q samples to become a forced distribution into 9 scales. And then we conducted a secondary analysis of the results from the principal component factor analysis by the PC QUANL program. Gender role identities of middle aged women were classified as four types: "affectionate-sensitive type", "affectionate-confident type", "assertive-confident type", and "sensitive-dominant type". Most of the middle-aged women in Korea tend to keep their original gender role identities. Some of women, however, experience the gender role identity change over time that their traits of traditional caring become more prominent than their affectionate character.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to provide base data for designing education and counseling programs for child-raising by identifying the types, characteristics and predictors of parenting behaviors of married immigrant women. Methods: We used a self-report questionnaire to survey 126 immigrant mothers of young children, who agreed to participate, and who could speak Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, Filipino, or English, at two children's hospitals and two multicultural support centers. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, K-means clustering, ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA, $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe^{\prime}s$ test, and multinominal logistic regression. Results: We identified three clusters of parenting behaviors: 'affectionate acceptance group' (38.9%), 'active engaging group' (26.2%), and 'passive parenting group' (34.9%). Passive parenting and affectionate acceptance groups were distinguished by the conversation time between couples (p=.028, OR=5.52), ideology of motherhood (p=.032, OR=4.33), and parenting stress between parent and child (p=.049, OR=0.22). Passive parenting was distinguished from active engaging group by support from spouses for participating in multicultural support centers or relevant programs (p=.011, OR=2.37), and ideology of motherhood (p=.001, OR=16.65). Ideology of motherhood was also the distinguishing factor between affectionate acceptance and active engaging groups (p=.041, OR=3.85). Conclusion: Since immigrant women's parenting type depends on their ideology of motherhood, parenting stress, and spousal relationships in terms of communication and support to help their child-raising and socio-cultural adaptation, it is necessary to provide them with systematic education and support, as well as interventions across personal, family, and community levels.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.161-176
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• 2020

This study was to examine the group difference of parental composition (parents, single parent group) in the relationship between parental attitude (supervision, affection, rational explanation) and children's life satisfaction through ego-resilience as a mediating factor. For this, a multi-group analysis was conducted using 310 student data from the 4th panel data of the KCYPS. The results were as follows: First, parents' affectionate parenting attitude on children's life satisfaction was significant in both groups. Second, affectionate and supervisory attitude had effects to improve ego-resilience only in the single-parent group. Third, the affectionate attitude showed a significant positive effect on children's life satisfaction by mediating ego-resilience only in single parent group. This study verified the structural relationship of factors affecting children's life satisfaction and different the pattern of that relationship depending on parental composition. Finally, limitations and implications for future research were presented.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2016

This study investigated the descriptive statistics and correlation among self-identity, school violence experience, and family social capital of adolescents and examined influence of school violence experience on self-identity and moderating effect of family social capital on the relationship between school violence experience and self-identity. Data used for analysis was from 7th grade students in The Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012. Analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS program for demographic analysis, pearson correlation, and stepwise regression analyses. Results of the study were as follows: First, the average was slightly higher for self-identity, parents' affectionate attention, and awareness of their child's friends; the average was lower for misconduct experience and victimization experience; second, there was a weak negative correlation between self-identity and bully victimization; there was a positive correlation between self-identity and family social capital (parents' affectionate attention and awareness of their child's friends). Third, to investigate the effect of school violence experience (bullying and bully victimization) on self-identity, stepwise regression analysis results were as follows: Bullying had a statistically positive influence on self-identity and bully victimization had a statistically negative influence on self-identity; both parents' affectionate attention and awareness of their child's friends had a statistically positive influence on self-identity; fourth, parents' affectionate attention had a statistically negative moderating effect on the self-identity; therefore, it signifies that the relationship between bully victimization and self-identity appears differently depending on the parents' affectionate attention, which means that the parents' affectionate attention had a negative effect on the self-identity of the adolescents who were victimized by school violence.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.271-292
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of young children's self-control in the relationship between mother's affectionate parenting psychological behavioral control and young children's problem behaviors. The subjects of this study were 368 mothers whose young children were 3 to 5years old and attending to 3 private kindergartens and 2 child-care centers located in Chunkbuk. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Primary factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression, using the SPSS 12.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: First, young children's self control partially mediated when mother's affectionate parenting affected young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Second, young children's self control partially mediated when mother's psychological control affected young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Third, young children's self control did not show a mediating effect on the relationship between mother's behavioral control and young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. In conclusion, young children's internalization of mother's psychological control and behavioral control as well as affectionate parenting have its effect on problem behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of parents' childhood attachment representations and parenting behavior in developing early childhood self-regulation, a developmental skill. Methods: This research was conducted with 171 preschoolers, 171 parent couples, and 22 teachers of 5-year-old classes in kindergartens and children's houses in Seoul. Results: First, there was significant correlation among parental childhood attachment representations, parenting behavior, and child self-regulation. Second, parental attachment representations and parenting behavior were shown to affect self-monitoring, a subvariable of self-regulation, and were influenced by maternal independence-oriented parenting behavior, maternal attachment representation, and parental attachment representation. As factors affecting self-control, a subvariable of self-regulation, they were influenced by maternal attachment representation, and maternal and paternal affectionate parenting behavior. Lastly, as factors affecting self-control, they were influenced by attachment representation to parents of origin, maternal affectionate parenting behavior, and maternal independence-oriented parenting behavior. Conclusion: This research revealed that parental childhood attachment representations and parenting behavior are important variables affecting the development of self-regulation in preschoolers. This finding can be used as basic data for parent education content to help preschoolers grow healthier and happier and as basic data for a program to improve parent-child attachment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.748-757
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• 2008

Purpose: This correlational study was performed to identify the impacts of maternal child rearing attitudes on the menstrual attitudes and the determinants of positive menstrual attitudes in female middle school students. Methods: With convenience sampling, 198 middle school female students were recruited living in one major city and its surrounding areas in Korea. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire including menstrual attitudes and maternal child rearing attitudes from April 1 to July 15, 2008. Results: Among the Maternal child rearing attitudes, affectionate, achievement oriented and rational attitudes had positive correlations to a positive menstrual attitude, and an autonomous attitude had a negative correlation to a negative menstrual attitude. As determinants of positive menstrual attitudes, feeling of menarche, mother's response at first menstruation, and rational maternal child rearing attitudes were delineated and their explained variance for a positive menstrual attitude was 18.5%. There was no difference on menstrual attitudes by K clustering in terms of maternal child rearing attitudes. Conclusion: These results support the critical role of the mother. Especially desirable maternal child rearing attitudes in relation to a positive menstrual attitude would be affectionate, achievement oriented and rational for early adolescent girls. In further studies, considerations are needed for menstruation related education and research for early adolescents and active involvement of the mother & daughter together.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of father's play beliefs on father-child interaction and child's social skills. The subjects were 370 fathers of 1, 2 and 3 graders of elementary schools who lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The results were as follows; First, the differences were found to be significant between the whole of father's play hours, play focus beliefs, study focus beliefs and father-child interaction, and their sub-variables of disciplinary action, sensitiveness, and affectionate expression; and between the whole of child's social skills and its sub-variables of cooperative action, self-assertion and self-control. Second, the higher play focus beliefs, the more positive interaction on the child, and specifically they use much democratic disciplinary action, sensitiveness and affectionate expression. Third, as to the effect of the father's play focus beliefs on the child's social skills, father-child interaction was found to act as a partial parameter, while as to the effect of the father's study focus beliefs on the child's social skills, father-child interaction was found to act as a full parameter.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to categorize and to understand the structure of subjectivity in the gender role identity of older female adults. The perception of gender role identity is subjective and varies according to the uniqueness of individual experiences and the value of social culture. Methods: Q-methodology, a technique for extracting subjective opinions was used. In 2010, forty participants completed the Q-sort activity, rating each statement relative to the others. The Q sample has two categories, representing masculinity and femininity, and each category has 20 statements, resulting in 40 adjectives. Results: Using the Q factor analysis, three classifications were identified: 'caring-affectionate type,', 'assertive-confident type,' and 'sensitive-affectionate type.' Despite the differences among the three types in this research, elderly females are likely to have the understanding and patience to comfort others and care for the children. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed new dimensional types of gender role identity and raise the issue of why we need to develop methods for the new dimensional types. Based on the results, further research is needed to compare the findings with those of older males or with women of different age groups.