• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.332-341
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• 2015

Purpose: Advanced aged pregnancy may be related with health problems so that more aggressive health care is necessary for these women. This study aimed to provide the basic data for developing nursing intervention programs to enhance the health of pregnant women and their new-born babies and by identifying the advanced aged women's need for pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: It is the cross-sectional descriptive study to identify the advanced aged women's need on pregnancy and childbirth. Subjects were pregnant women 35 years or older and postpartum women. Total number of subjects was 95. Measurement tool is self-reporting survey that consisted of 67 items with four-point Likert scale, which was completed during October to November 2014. Results: Average score was 3.44 out of maximum 4 on the care need on pregnancy and childbirth. Average scores according to category were as follows: baby rearing and parental role, 3.55; preconception care, 3.49; delivery care, 3.47; postpartum care 3.42; and prenatal pregnancy, 3.39. The degree of needs on pregnancy and childbirth was different according to delivery experience (t=-2.49, p=.014). Conclusion: Prenatal and postpartum nursing interventions were completed regardless of pregnant women's age until now; however, new nursing intervention programs are necessary to prevent the risk of advanced aged pregnancy, to provide the preconception care, and to increase the infant care and family support.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate how advanced maternal age influences lifestyle, nutrient intake, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. The subjects of this study were 112 pregnant women who were receiving prenatal care at gynecologists located in Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their ages: those over age 35 were the advanced age group of pregnant women (AP) and those under age 35 were the young age group of pregnant women (YP). General factors, nutrient intakes, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were then compared. It was found that 72.5% of the YP group and 51.2% of the AP group had pre-pregnancy alcohol drinking experience; indicating that the YP group had more pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption than the AP group (P<0.05). The only difference found in nutrient intake between the two groups was their niacin intakes which were $16.83{\pm}8.20\;mg$/day and $13.76{\pm}5.28\;mg$/day, respectively. When gestational age was shorter than 38.7 weeks, the average infant birth weight was $2.95{\pm}0.08\;kg$, and when gestational age was longer than 40 weeks, it averaged at about $3.42{\pm}0.08\;kg$. In other words, as gestational age increased, infant birth weight increased (P<0.0001), and when maternal weight increased more than 15 kg, the infant birth weight increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, in order to secure healthy human resources, with respect to advanced aged women, it is necessary to intervene by promoting daily habits that consist of strategic increases in folate and calcium intake along with appropriate amounts of exercise.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer between embryos cultured in a time-lapse monitoring system (TLS) and those cultured in a conventional incubator (CI). Methods: The medical records of 250 fertilized embryos from 141 patients undergoing infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology at a tertiary hospital from June 2018 to May 2020 were reviewed. The study population was divided into TLS and CI groups at a 1 to 1 ratio (125 embryos per group). The primary outcome was the live birth rate. Results: The TLS group had a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate (46.4% vs. 27.2%, p=0.002), implantation rate (27.1% vs. 12.0%, p=0.004), and live birth rate (32.0% vs. 18.4%, p=0.013) than the CI group. Furthermore, subgroup analyses of the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the different age groups favored the TLS group. However, this difference only reached statistical significance in the live birth rate in women aged over 40 years and the clinical pregnancy rate in women aged 35-40 years (p=0.048 and p=0.031, respectively). The miscarriage rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst rate were comparable. Conclusion: TLS application improved the live birth rate, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate, particularly in the advanced age group in this study, while the other reproductive outcomes were comparable. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to further explore the ramifications of these findings, especially in different age groups.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.109-113
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• 1986

In order to study the changes of pregnancy rates according to the factors, age, season, repeated utilization, synchrony, of recipients (29 holstein heifers, one Korean native heifer and 3 holstein cows) were transfered one embryo (from morulae stage to advanced blastocyst) to each, and the results are as follows ; 1. The effect of age of recipient on pregnancy rate in cows and 18-24months of aged group are 100% and 78%, respectively. Under 14months of aged group recorded the worst, 67%. 2. In winter (Nov.-Jan.) and spring (Feb.-Apr.), the pregnancy rate were better than others 100%, 83%, respectively. In the autumn (Aug.-Oct.), it was only 50%, the worst. 3. Among 31 recipients which were utilized at the first, 25 were pregnanted (80.7%), but in the second utilization after the failure of the first transfering, 2 heifers, none of pregnancy was obtained. 4. Pregnancy rates related to synchronization of estrus between donor and recipients are;-(before donor)12hrs. (100%), -6hrs. (86%), +( after donor)6hrs. (67%), + 12hrs. (79%), and +over 12hrs. (50%), respectively. 5. Differences in the pregnancy rate of the recipients +over 12hrs. were significantly large, so in order to ger good pregnancy rate in embryo transfer, the differences of the synchronization must be reduced inner ${\pm}12hrs$. In general, recipients estrus before donor showed better pregnancy rate than estrus after donor.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of advanced maternal and paternal age on perinatal outcome in Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 1,622 Korean women who delivered at M Woman Hospital from January to December 2010 and their spouses were included. We obtained obstetrics database which included demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrics history, course of the current pregnancy and advised perinatal outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. Results: Women giving birth age 35 or older were statistically significant in paternal age, gravidity, spontaneous abortion experience, method of conception, method of delivery, and multiple gestation compared to women aged <34 years. After adjusting for the confounding effects of maternal characteristics, women aged 35 or older were at increased risk for cesarean section delivery (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.22-2.13) and preterm birth (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.03-4.63). Conclusion: In this population of Korean women, advance maternal and paternal age is independently associated with specific adverse perinatal outcome, especially preterm birth and cesarean section delivery.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 1984

Among the person who want to insure, there are not only fair persons who want to become the insurance with not realizing that one was not infected with certain disease but also someones on purpose to overcome the disease through the insurance company with be recognized by oneselves. However, it was found that the ultrasonography and exact effects of medical examination with the existing medical equipments of the insurance company could not be expected. We present some several proven examples for the purpose of getting the advanced effects in medical examination by utilizing the ultrasonic device which is not harmful to human body presently as far as known. We could find affirmation through the check of ultrasonography from 907 cases, in our Department of Medical selection that many portion of the cases checked the medical examination have the present condition of illness even though they enjoy social life with good health and finally the conclusions we have learned are as follows; The aged cases show the increase of rate of possessing disease and man shows 2.2 times of possessing disease than woman. Fatty infiltration of liver take portion of 74.7% from the case checked. 12 cases of cholelithiasis are not conscious of symptom at all. Through the check of ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, myoma uteri be showed high rate of 72.2% from the case of possessing disease. In Case of the potential pregnancing woman it made clear to find pregnancy which was undistincted still more also know the existence and nonexistence of fetal death when pregnancy expected.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of minimal stimulation using rhFSH and GnRH antagonist compared with GnRH antagonist multidose protocol (MDP) in IVF treated patients with aged 40 and above. Methods: Seventy-five patients with aged 40 and above were equally randomized to minimal stimulation group (n=37) or GnRH antagonist MDP group (n=38). For minimal stimulation group, ultrasound monitoring was started on cycle day 7 or 8. Daily injections of 0.25 mg cetrorelix together with 150 IU rhFSH were started from the day at 13${\sim}$14 mm of a leading follicle diameter. For GnRH antagonist MDP group, daily injections of 225 IU rhFSH were initiated from cycle day 2 and GnRH antagonist was started at a dose of 0.25 mg/day on rhFSH stimulation day 6 or the day at 13${\sim}$14 mm of leading follicle diameter. In both groups, transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval was performed. According to cleavage and morphologic characteristics of embryos, embryos were transferred 3 to 5 days after oocyte retrieval. Results: There were no differences in patients' characteristics and cycle cancellation rate between the two groups. Total dose and duration of rhFSH used were significantly fewer and shorter in minimal stimulation group than those in GnRH antagonist MDP group. The numbers of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes and transferred embryos were also lower in minimal stimulation group. However, there were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate between the two groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that minimal stimulation protocol provides comparable pregnancy rates to GnRH antagonist MDP with fewer dose and days of rhFSH used, and thus can be a cost-effective alternative in women aged 40 and above.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2008

Purpose: A study of the family planning and Maternal-Child Health Services that disciplined itself in primary health care post form 1980 to 2009. Method: Investigation studies family planning in primary health care post and a change process of a Maternal-Child Health Services into case by case until 2009 from 1980. Results: Our country family planning business began at economic development dimensions in order to solve a poverty issue. This business goal were childbirth decrease of pregnancy possibility couple aged 19~49 and improve to mother and child health. For this goal, all kinds of health education included sex education and contraception education, contraception service, comprehensive maternal and child health service that management of front and back of childbirth etc. are provided. According to fail down a birthrate from 6.0(1962) to 1.25(2009), the nation reached to a dilemma called childbirth encouragement policy. Conclusions: Decrease of labor supply by low birthrate, decrease numerical an employed person by aging was brought a labor shortage and decrease of productivity of labor of industrial manpower. Deterioration phenomenon of financial income and expenditure by consumption and investment contraction caused decrease of slowdown of economic growth and potential growth rate, and a social cost burden is increased by deterioration financial old man support burden increase by this and pensions and health insurance, a sharp increase of social welfare cost etc. Now, in order to solve a low birth issue, the government establishes a whole nation forwarding system and establishes basic plan social low birth and advanced age, and to prepare for childbirth fault factors removal and advanced age society shall endeavor.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.314-320
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• 2021

With the increasing age of motherhood in recent years, attributed to late marriages due to social or environmental factors, the Down's syndrome screening test using biochemical markers has become essential for pregnant women. The process of diagnosing Down's syndrome pregnancy in the high-risk group subjects involves chromosomal analysis, which is performed on samples obtained through invasive procedures such as chorionic biopsy or amniotic fluid. Thus, to reduce unnecessary invasive tests and lower the risk to mother and fetus, it is important to identify a screening test with low risk and high Down's syndrome detection rate. Recently, as the average age of mothers has increased, numerous inspection agencies have classified high-risk mothers as women over the age of 35 years. This study evaluated a total of 36,436 pregnant women aged between 17 to 46 years, and who requested prenatal screening at an inspection agency in Yongin in 2018. Test (13,690 people) Four tests were conducted by applying the time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay method using the direct sandwich and indirect sandwich technology, and the immunoassay method using the sandwich method. We aimed to confirm the difference in positivity rate with increasing age of the subjects. We believe that in future, data obtained from this study will be very useful for the prevention and treatment of Down's syndrome risk at varied inspection institutions, and for prospective mothers.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare perinatal outcomes between in vitro fertilization (IVF) twins and naturally conceived twins born to women aged 35 years or older and to provide basic information for taking care of IVF twins born to women aged 35 years or older. Methods: We reviewed the records of perinatal and neonatal outcomes in 288 IVF twins and 220 naturally conceived twins born to women aged 35 years or older between January 2001 and December 2010 at CHA Bundang Medical Center. Results: No difference was observed in the maternal ages of mothers giving birth to IVF twins and those giving birth to naturally conceived twins. Gestational ages and birth weights of IVF twins were not different from those of naturally conceived twins. Various perinatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, placenta previa, premature amniotic membrane rupture, and need for a Cesarean section did not differ between the 2 groups. However, the 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores (P=0.019 and P=0.045, respectively) were different between the 2 groups. The incidence of early-onset sepsis was lower in the IVF twins than in the naturally conceived twins (P=0.02). However, the 2 groups did not show any difference in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and other congenital anomalies. Conclusion: The perinatal outcomes in IVF twins born to women aged 35 years or older were not significantly different from those of naturally conceived twins.