• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.240-243
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• 2010

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) screening method revealed that a propolis product marketed as a functional food contained an undeclared substance similar to tadalafil, the active ingredient of the prescription drug Cialis$^{(R)}$ approved for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. In order to identify the illegal additive, the propolis product was extracted with methylene chloride, and the extract was purified further using semipreparative HPLC. The chemical structure of the isolated substance was elucidated based on IR, LC/MS-ESI, and $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy, which showed the characteristics similar to tadalafil. The only difference was the substitution of the methyl group at the piperazinedione ring of tadalafil to the amino group of the identified illegal additive.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.70-74
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• 2000

The technology of malodorous substances treatment was classified physical separation and chemical destruction. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of malodorous substances treatment with the change of operating conditions from the ozone generator. The major results of this study were as follows : Removal efficiency by additive ozone rate was measured $NH_3$:95%(ozone additive rate : 2), $H_2S$ : 97%(ozone additive rate:4), $CH_3SH$ : 96%(ozone additive rate : 3), $(CH_3)_2S_2$ : 97%(ozone additive rate:5), $(CH_3)_3N$ : 95%(ozone additive rate : 1), $CH_3CHO$ : 95%(ozone additive rate : 2), $C_6H_5CHCH_2$ : 95%(ozone additive rate : 2).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.443-446
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• 2010

HPLC analysis of a commercial herb drink marketed as a functional food revealed to contain an unauthorized substance similar to sildenafil, the active ingredient of the prescription drug Viagra$^{(R)}$ approved for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. In order to identify the illegal additive, the herb drink was extracted with methylene chloride, and the extract was purified further using semipreparative HPLC. The chemical structure of the isolated substance was elucidated based on IR, LC/MS-ESI, and NMR spectroscopy, which showed the characteristics similar to sildenafil with minor modification. The only difference was the substitution of the methylpiperazine moiety of sildenafil to the hydroxyethylpiperazine group of the illegal additive.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.561-569
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• 1988

Mixtures of very small amounts of additive, carbon and silica(about 0.46${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) which synthesized by the hydrolysis of ethyl silicate, the molar ratio of SiO2/C was fixed to 1/10, was nitrided at 145$0^{\circ}C$. It was considered that the optimum amount of additive to promote the nitridation reaction was below 2.0wt%. By the addition of additive, the nitridation reaction was promoted and formation of $\beta$-Si3N4 was promoted at 145$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hour, but, the nitridation reaction was decreased and the ratio of $\alpha$/$\beta$ of Si3N4, was increased at 145$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The crystal phase was $\alpha$ phase and the nitridation reaction was promoted and the particle size of silicon nitride was become smaller by the addition of $\alpha$-Si3N4, but silicon nitride of whisker-like form was produced by the addition of transition elements. There was a difference in the lattice constants of $\alpha$-Si3N4, but no difference in its of $\beta$-Si3N4 according to kinds of added substance and reaction time.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.106-119
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• 1984

Brass was electrodeposited over the range of the current densities from 2 to 8 A/$dm^2$ in cyanide bath at 20 and 40$^{\circ}C$. The cathode overpotential increased and the cathode efficiency was decreased respectively with decreasing temperature, increasing current density and addition of organic substance. The perferred orientation of the deposits were associated with the cathode overpotential and the nucleation energy of lattice planes. The (111) preferred orientation developed at the low current density and low cathode overpotential (440-520mV). On the other hand, the (111)+(100) preferred orientation developed at higher cathode overpotential (528-680mV). The (111)+(100) preferred orientation developed over the whole range of overpotential in the cyanide solution with organic additive. The copper content of deposit decreased with increasing current density and decreasing temperature. The morphology of the deposits with no additive was the polygonal body type of structure and the structure of the cross section was columnar structure. The morphology of the deposits with additive, on the other hand, was fine crystallite type of structure. And the structure of the cross section of them was the finer granular structure.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

The culture broth of a ${\beta}$-glucan-producing bacterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa JB115, was confirmed to show the antibiosis against pathogenic bacteria of livestock disease. The antibacterial substance produced by P. polymyxa JB115 exhibited strong bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect on the growth of livestock pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This antibacterial substance also showed high stabilities in broad pH range (pH 3-11) and in broad temperature range $(40-121^{\circ}C)$, which is good enough to apply spray-dry method for the formulation of culture broth. It was also found that the antibacterial substance was very stable in artificial gastric fluid and bile acid, which implies the anticipated antibacterial activity against gastrointestinal bacteria harmful for livestocks. In conclusion, the culture broth of P. polymyxa JB115 can be developed as a multifuctional feed additive containing immune-enhancing ${\beta}$-glucan as well as antibacterial agent against livestock pathogenic bacteria.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 2024

In the past, antibiotics and antimicrobial substances have been used for the purpose of promoting the growth of livestock or treating livestock, but various problems such as the presence of livestock products or resistant bacteria have emerged. Recently, regulations on the use of antibiotics have been strengthened worldwide, and probiotics are attracting attention as an alternative. Probiotic microorganisms have already been used for human use, such as intestinal abnormal fermentation, diarrhea, and indigestion. In livestock, beneficial microorganisms are increasing in use for the purpose of improving productivity, such as promoting livestock development and preventing diarrhea. Therefore, it is advisable to understand livestock probiotics in deeper and think about effective uses. The role of probiotics in the livestock sector is made with microorganisms themselves, so it is a substance that promotes livestock growth and improves feed efficiency by settling in the intestines of livestock, suppressing the growth of other harmful microorganisms, helping digestion and absorption of ingested feed, and helping to synthesize other nutrients. There is a need for a probiotic that suppresses intestinal bacteria by supplying probiotics used as a means to minimize the effects of stress in livestock management, thereby suppressing disease outbreaks by maintaining beneficial microorganisms and suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this paper is to develop a brand of feed additive probiotics to improve health conditions due to increased feed intake, improve the efficiency of use of feed nutrients, inhibit the decomposition and production of toxic substances, increase immunity, reduce odor in livestock, and improve the environment. We investigated and analyzed feed additive probiotics already on the market, and developed the naming and logo of suitable feed additive probiotic brands in livestock. We hoped that the newly developed product will be used in the field and help solve problems in the livestock field.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.719-726
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• 1997

This research was conducted to analyze the change of surface tension, viscosity, streaming current and conductivity of transformer oil when it were injected with the interface active substances.(anionic:S-111, cationic:S-121, amphoteric:S-131) The changes properties of the surface tension and viscosity of the oil which were injected with the interface active substances were divided into the changes area and the minimum reduction area. The surface tension and viscosity of the oil which were injected with three different kinds of interface active substances showed remarkable change at the point where the concentration of the substance in anionic, in cationic and in amphoteric were 100[ppm], 10[ppm] and 1[ppm] respectively. The streaming current and conductivity of the same sample oil were also changed at the same densities of the surface tension and viscosity. For this factor, it was possibile for us to interpret the mechanism of the streaming current and conductivity. Therefore the interface active substances of the three kinds were injected into the oil within the limit of optimal volume, prevention effects of electrification were showed more excellence than unmixed insulating oil.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2011

This study identified the formula of the antioxidant substance separated from the ethyl acetate and the butanol extract and tested the antioxidant properties with the electron donating ability(EDA). Each phase with the fractionated methanol extract from mulberry leaf was screened in advance for the antioxidant substance with EDA. As the result, activity appeared in the ethyl acetate and butanol phase and the antioxidant component was separated. As the consequence, 2 components from the ethyl acetate phase and 1 from the butanol phase were separated, among which the structures of the components from ethyl acetate were determined by wogonin and linarin, whereas the structure of the component from the butanol phase was determined by pectolinarin. In the screening of antioxidant activity by the scavenging effect of the DPPH radical, the wogonin and linarin components from ethyl acetate phase showed more powerful antioxidant property than the component from butanol. The results from this study indicate that the chemical compound separated from the ethyl acetate extract has more powerful antioxidant property than the one separated from the butanol extract. The components separated from the ethyl acetate extract were wogonin and linarin, which are flavonoids, whereas the component from butanol was pectolinarin. Therefore, this study suggested that the feasibility of mulberry leaf as a functional food additive and its value as a natural antioxidant is very high.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

The ultimate research goal of the current study was a development of hydrolyzed whey protein powder (7%-GNANA) manufactured with normal content of sialic acid, a marker compound, that is naturally occurring at 7% concentration in GMP obtained from the milk protein. GMP is a safe food, used worldwide in infant and baby foods, etc. The test substance was prepared using (7% sialic acid containing) GMP as a raw material, and then using alcalase, an enzyme approved as a food additive, after separation of sialic acid with 100% efficiency and 7%-GNANA (containing 7% sialic acid and protein; product name: HELICOBACTROL-7) provided by MEDINUTROL Inc. (Korea). Bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was conducted in accordance with GLP Guideline using the test substance specified above. To identify its mutagenic potential against microorganisms, histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli, WP2uvrA, were used. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was performed by dividing the test substances into five different concentration groups (0, 61.7, 185, 556, 1,670, $5,000{\mu}g/plate$). Results of this experiment did not reveal repetitive increase of colony generating values or positive criteria for reverse mutagenicity for any concentration of test substances in any of the five strains, regardless of the presence of a metabolic activation system, and no dose-dependency was identified. In conclusion, the safety of 7%-GNANA test substance was verified by bacterial reverse mutation test conducted before registration of 7%-GNANA as a food additive.